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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
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Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

WINNIPEG RICHARDSON INT'L A *
MANITOBA

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

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Normals Station Data
(all elements)
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C) -16.4 -13.2 -5.8 4.4 11.6 17.0 19.7 18.8 12.7 5.0 -4.9 -13.2 3.0 A
Standard Deviation 4.1 4.2 3.1 2.7 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.8 3.6 4.4 1.2 A
Daily Maximum (°C) -11.3 -8.1 -0.8 10.9 18.6 23.2 25.9 25.4 19.0 10.5 -0.5 -8.5 8.7 A
Daily Minimum (°C) -21.4 -18.3 -10.7 -2.0 4.5 10.7 13.5 12.1 6.4 -0.5 -9.2 -17.8 -2.7 A
Extreme Maximum (°C) 7.8 11.7 23.3 34.3 37.0 37.8 37.8 40.6 38.8 30.5 23.9 11.7
Date (yyyy/dd) 1942/ 23 1958/ 25 1946/ 27 1980/ 21 1980/ 22 1995/ 17 1939/ 12 1949/ 07 1983/ 02 1992/ 01 1975/ 05 1939/ 06
Extreme Minimum (°C) -42.2 -45.0 -37.8 -26.3 -11.1 -3.3 1.1 0.0 -7.2 -17.2 -34.0 -37.8
Date (yyyy/dd) 1943/ 20 1966/ 18 1962/ 01 1979/ 02 1958/ 01 1964/ 03 1972/ 03 2004/ 20 1965/ 26 1941/ 30 1985/ 30 1967/ 31
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm) 0.2 2.7 9.7 19.2 54.1 90.0 79.5 77.0 45.5 32.7 6.9 1.5 418.9 A
Snowfall (cm) 23.7 12.5 16.5 10.6 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.8 19.9 23.0 113.7 A
Precipitation (mm) 19.9 13.8 24.5 30.0 56.7 90.0 79.5 77.0 45.8 37.5 25.0 21.5 521.1 A
Average Snow Depth (cm) 16 17 10 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 5 C
Median Snow Depth (cm) 15 18 10 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 5 C
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) 18 16 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 13 5 C
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 3.8 20.0 33.6 36.0 60.2 69.8 83.6 83.8 65.0 74.4 19.0 21.8
Date (yyyy/dd) 1944/ 20 2000/ 25 2004/ 27 1986/ 30 1978/ 25 1984/ 21 1993/ 25 1962/ 11 1941/ 03 1949/ 10 2000/ 06 1982/ 02
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 23.0 23.6 35.6 22.0 29.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 5.8 24.6 27.7 21.6
Date (yyyy/dd) 1989/ 07 1955/ 20 1966/ 04 1997/ 05 2004/ 11 1969/ 12 1938/ 01 1938/ 01 1984/ 24 1971/ 30 1958/ 17 1948/ 15
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 22.5 23.6 35.6 44.1 60.2 69.8 83.6 83.8 65.0 74.4 27.7 21.8
Date (yyyy/dd) 1989/ 07 1955/ 20 1966/ 04 1986/ 30 1978/ 25 1984/ 21 1993/ 25 1962/ 11 1941/ 03 1949/ 10 1958/ 17 1982/ 02
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 91 89 85 61 18 0 0 0 2 18 55 81
Date (yyyy/dd) 1956/ 30 1956/ 01 1956/ 09 1956/ 01 1967/ 02 1955/ 01 1955/ 01 1955/ 01 1984/ 25 1971/ 31 1955/ 23 1955/ 23
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= 0 °C 28.5 23.2 15.5 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 15.3 26.8 113.0 A
> 0 °C 2.5 5.0 15.5 27.7 31.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 30.0 29.6 14.7 4.2 252.2 A
> 10 °C 0.0 0.0 1.6 16.2 28.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 28.3 16.3 1.9 0.0 184.2 A
> 20 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 13.0 22.2 29.1 27.0 12.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 109.7 A
> 30 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.11 1.2 2.5 4.1 4.7 0.65 0.04 0.0 0.0 13.3 A
> 35 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.30 0.15 0.48 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 A
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 0 °C 0.0 0.30 2.6 10.4 23.5 29.9 31.0 31.0 27.5 14.1 1.7 0.23 172.1 A
<= 2 °C 31.0 28.2 30.7 23.6 10.7 0.78 0.0 0.11 5.7 21.2 29.5 31.0 212.6 A
<= 0 °C 31.0 27.9 28.4 19.6 7.5 0.15 0.0 0.04 2.5 16.9 28.3 30.8 193.1 A
< -2 °C 30.9 27.3 25.7 15.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.81 11.0 25.6 30.5 171.4 A
< -10 °C 27.4 21.9 14.6 2.2 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.93 11.8 23.5 102.2 A
< -20 °C 17.9 12.8 5.2 0.11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 13.3 52.0 A
< - 30 °C 5.9 3.3 0.52 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.19 2.7 12.6 A
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 0.67 0.93 2.9 5.1 11.3 13.3 11.4 10.7 10.3 7.9 3.0 0.84 78.3 A
>= 5 mm 0.0 0.15 0.67 1.2 3.5 5.1 4.3 3.8 2.7 1.8 0.48 0.04 23.7 A
>= 10 mm 0.0 0.11 0.22 0.48 1.6 2.7 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.1 0.15 0.04 12.6 A
>= 25 mm 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.04 0.30 0.78 0.63 0.81 0.19 0.15 0.0 0.0 3.0 A
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm 12.4 7.7 7.4 2.9 0.56 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.11 2.3 8.6 11.5 53.5 A
>= 5 cm 1.2 0.56 0.89 0.74 0.15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.23 1.1 1.2 6.1 A
>= 10 cm 0.23 0.11 0.33 0.33 0.07 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.12 0.41 0.35 2.0 A
>= 25 cm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.0 0.08 A
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 12.2 8.0 9.2 7.2 11.5 13.3 11.4 10.7 10.4 9.4 10.3 11.8 125.3 A
>= 5 mm 0.73 0.52 1.5 1.9 3.7 5.1 4.3 3.8 2.7 2.1 1.4 1.0 28.7 A
>= 10 mm 0.12 0.19 0.63 0.85 1.7 2.7 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.56 0.35 14.5 A
>= 25 mm 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.11 0.33 0.78 0.63 0.81 0.19 0.15 0.0 0.0 3.1 A
Days with Snow Depth
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 1 cm 31.0 27.4 21.9 3.8 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 1.2 15.3 27.0 127.8 C
>= 5 cm 26.9 25.6 15.6 2.5 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.42 9.3 20.4 100.7 C
>= 10 cm 22.1 20.8 12.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.08 4.3 12.6 73.7 C
>= 20 cm 7.0 9.9 6.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.5 29.8 C
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h) 17.4 16.9 18.0 18.5 18.4 16.3 14.6 15.4 16.9 18.0 17.9 17.4 17.1 A
Most Frequent Direction S S S S S S S S S S S S S A
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 80 80 81 80 72 80 89 74 71 77 87 78
Date (yyyy/dd) 2009/ 31 1960/ 08 1982/ 13 1959/ 07 1955/ 03 1954/ 07 1959/ 27 1982/ 15 1953/ 09 1962/ 16 1999/ 01 1995/ 05
Direction of Maximum Hourly Speed NW NW NW NW S S SE E N NW NW W
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 106 129 113 106 109 127 127 122 98 119 124 98
Date (yyyy/dd) 1982/ 26 1965/ 20 1966/ 04 1963/ 03 1959/ 11 1967/ 29 1959/ 14 1973/ 18 1959/ 09 1991/ 17 1960/ 21 1991/ 01
Direction of Maximum Gust S NW N N NW W S NW NW W W W
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C 0 0 0 0 0.5 2.8 3.4 4 0.5 0 0 0 11.1 A
Above 18 °C 0 0 0 0.4 10.6 37.4 70.7 60.9 9.5 0.1 0 0 189.6 A
Above 15 °C 0 0 0 2.9 28.3 85.9 146.8 127.1 29.2 1.3 0 0 421.5 A
Above 10 °C 0 0 0 18.8 97.3 211.7 298.6 271.8 105.8 13.7 0.1 0 1017.7 A
Above 5 °C 0 0 1.7 66.3 212.9 359.4 453.6 426.5 233.3 64 3 0 1820.7 A
Above 0 °C 0.3 2.1 23 160.1 359.1 509.4 608.6 581.5 381.1 171.3 23.2 1.1 2820.6 A
Below 0 °C 508.4 374.2 202.1 27.2 0.5 0 0 0 0 15.1 168.8 408.8 1705.1 A
Below 5 °C 663.1 513.2 335.8 83.5 9.4 0 0 0 2.2 62.8 298.6 562.7 2531.3 A
Below 10 °C 818.1 654.3 489.1 186 48.7 2.3 0 0.3 24.7 167.5 445.7 717.7 3554.4 A
Below 15 °C 973.1 795.4 644.1 320 134.8 26.6 3.3 10.6 98.1 310.2 595.6 872.7 4784.3 A
Below 18 °C 1066.1 880 737.1 407.5 210.1 68 20.1 37.3 168.4 402 685.6 965.7 5648.1 A
Evaporation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Evaporation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Lake Evaporation (mm) 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.5 2.9 1.4
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Daily 9.0 11.7 12.4 14.1 15.4 16.0 15.7 14.6 12.9 10.7 9.4 8.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1993/ 28 1986/ 22 1994/ 29 1978/ 30 1967/ 31 1979/ 16 1972/ 17 1969/ 01 1966/ 01 1957/ 03 1963/ 01 1978/ 06
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex 6.3 11.1 18.8 34.1 40.2 46.1 47.3 45.5 45.9 34.3 23.9 9.3
Date (yyyy/dd) 1986/ 11 1958/ 25 1967/ 30 1980/ 21 1988/ 31 1996/ 27 2007/ 25 2001/ 04 1983/ 02 1961/ 06 1975/ 05 1982/ 02
Days with Humidex >= 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.6 6.6 13.9 12.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.1 A
Days with Humidex >= 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.1 5.2 4.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 A
Days with Humidex >= 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 A
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C) -56 -57 -49 -36 -21 -8 0 0 -11 -24 -48 -51
Date (yyyy/dd) 1966/ 28 1996/ 01 1962/ 01 1954/ 02 1967/ 02 2009/ 06 1953/ 01 1953/ 01 1965/ 26 1991/ 30 1958/ 29 1989/ 20
Days with Wind Chill < -20 24.8 19.3 11.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.9 20.9 85.1 A
Days with Wind Chill < -30 16.3 11.1 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 11.3 43.9 A
Days with Wind Chill < -40 5.9 2.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.8 12.1 A
Humidity
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidity
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.8 A
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 76.9 78.3 81.7 79.1 78.3 83.4 87.7 87.8 87.4 84.3 84.5 80 82.4 A
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 72.7 71.7 68.5 49.1 46.7 54.5 55.6 52.4 54.8 60.1 72 75.1 61.1 A
Pressure
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Pressure
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 98.9 98.9 98.9 98.7 98.5 98.3 98.4 98.5 98.5 98.6 98.7 98.8 98.6 A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 102 102 101.9 101.6 101.4 101.2 101.3 101.4 101.4 101.5 101.6 101.9 101.6 A
Radiation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2) 9 15 22 28 33 34 33 29 23 16 10 6
Date (yyyy/dd) 1979/ 31 1962/ 28 1975/ 30 1966/ 30 1964/ 28 1963/ 20 1965/ 05 1958/ 02 1962/ 01 1977/ 02 1963/ 01 1964/ 04
Extreme Diffuse - RF2 (MJ/m2) 6 8 13 17 14 20 17 18 11 10 5 4
Date (yyyy/dd) 1978/ 27 1991/ 28 1979/ 31 1989/ 10 1980/ 20 1998/ 25 1990/ 08 1990/ 01 1977/ 01 1999/ 13 1988/ 01 1978/ 04
Visibility (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Visibility (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
< 1 km 7.9 8.9 9.1 4.1 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.8 4.9 9.3 7.6 59.5 C
1 to 9 km 96.7 74.9 77 29.7 20.6 24 15.1 19.4 20.8 45.4 84.7 113 621.2 C
> 9 km 639.4 593.7 657.8 686.3 722.1 694.6 727.2 723.2 697.4 693.8 626 623.4 8084.8 C
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
0 to 2 tenths 239.8 211.2 237.4 241.8 214.2 177.4 236 261 220.6 206.3 165.8 214.3 2625.7 C
3 to 7 tenths 109 114.4 127.9 163.3 175 197 230.1 207 174 144 114.5 107.8 1863.9 C
8 to 10 tenths 395.2 352 378.8 314.9 354.8 345.6 277.9 276.1 325.3 393.8 439.8 421.8 4,276 C
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Date/Days Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost May 23 A
Average Date of First Fall Frost Sept 22 A
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 121 Days A
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Probability of last temperature in spring of 0 °C or lower on or after indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Date Jun 07 Jun 01 May 28 May 24 May 20 May 17 May 09
Probability of first temperature in fall of 0 °C or lower on or before indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Date Sep 12 Sep 16 Sep 18 Sep 22 Sep 25 Sep 27 Oct 03
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days) 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Days 96 109 114 119 126 129 141

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

WINNIPEG RICHARDSON INT'L A

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