Polypropylene

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Markus Gahleitner,

Markus Gahleitner

Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Linz, Austria

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Christian Paulik,

Christian Paulik

Institute of Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria

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Markus Gahleitner,

Markus Gahleitner

Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Linz, Austria

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Christian Paulik,

Christian Paulik

Institute of Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria

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First published: 26 March 2014

https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.o21_o04.pub2

Citations: 21

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Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.	Historical Overview
2.	Polymer Structure
2.1.	Molecular and Chain Structure
2.2.	Crystallization and Morphology
2.3.	Multiphase Copolymers
3.	Raw Materials
3.1.	Propene and Comonomers
3.2.	Polymerization Diluents
3.3.	Catalysts
3.3.1.	TiCl₃-Based Catalysts
3.3.2.	MgCl₂-Supported TiCl₄ Catalysts
3.3.3.	Single-Site Catalysts
3.3.4.	Aluminum Alkyl Cocatalysts and Donors
3.4.	Hydrogen
4.	Polymerization Mechanism
5.	Industrial Polymerization Processes
5.1.	Liquid-Phase Processes
5.2.	Gas-Phase Processes
5.3.	Hybrid Processes
6.	Product Finishing
6.1.	Additives
6.2.	Compounding and Blending
6.3.	Reactive Modification
7.	Properties
7.1.	Homopolymers
7.2.	Random Copolymers
7.3.	Impact Copolymers
7.4.	Composites and Blends
8.	Processing and Applications
8.1.	Injection Molding
8.2.	Blow Molding
8.3.	Fibers and Flat Yarns
8.4.	Films and Sheets
8.5.	Foaming and Coating
8.6.	Technical Applications
8.7.	Pipes
9.	Environmental Aspects
9.1.	Life-Cycle Analysis
9.2.	Mechanical Recycling
9.3.	Chemical and Energetic Recycling

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