Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation†
Peidong Shen
Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California
Search for more papers by this authorTal Lavi
Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorToomas Kivisild
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University, and Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia
Search for more papers by this authorVivian Chou
Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California
Search for more papers by this authorDeniz Sengun
Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California
Search for more papers by this authorDov Gefel
Department of Medicine-C, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorIssac Shpirer
Pulmonary Institute, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorEilon Woolf
Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorJossi Hillel
Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Marcus W. Feldman
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020Search for more papers by this authorPeter J. Oefner
Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California
Search for more papers by this authorPeidong Shen
Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California
Search for more papers by this authorTal Lavi
Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorToomas Kivisild
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University, and Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia
Search for more papers by this authorVivian Chou
Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California
Search for more papers by this authorDeniz Sengun
Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California
Search for more papers by this authorDov Gefel
Department of Medicine-C, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorIssac Shpirer
Pulmonary Institute, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorEilon Woolf
Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorJossi Hillel
Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Marcus W. Feldman
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020Search for more papers by this authorPeter J. Oefner
Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California
Search for more papers by this authorCommunicated by Pui-Yan Kwok
Abstract
The Samaritan community, which numbered more than a million in late Roman times and only 146 in 1917, numbers today about 640 people representing four large families. They are culturally different from both Jewish and non-Jewish populations in the Middle East and their origin remains a question of great interest. Genetic differences between the Samaritans and neighboring Jewish and non-Jewish populations are corroborated in the present study of 7,280 bp of nonrecombining Y-chromosome and 5,622 bp of coding and hypervariable segment I (HVS-I) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. Comparative sequence analysis was carried out on 12 Samaritan Y-chromosome, and mtDNA samples from nine male and seven female Samaritans separated by at least two generations. In addition, 18–20 male individuals were analyzed, each representing Ethiopian, Ashkenazi, Iraqi, Libyan, Moroccan, and Yemenite Jews, as well as Druze and Palestinians, all currently living in Israel. The four Samaritan families clustered to four distinct Y-chromosome haplogroups according to their patrilineal identity. Of the 16 Samaritan mtDNA samples, 14 carry either of two mitochondrial haplotypes that are rare or absent among other worldwide ethnic groups. Principal component analysis suggests a common ancestry of Samaritan and Jewish patrilineages. Most of the former may be traced back to a common ancestor in the paternally-inherited Jewish high priesthood (Cohanim) at the time of the Assyrian conquest of the kingdom of Israel. Hum Mutat 24:248–260, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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