Abstract
Defatted pumpkin (C. pepo andC. maxima) seed flour has potential food uses because of its high protein content, 61.4±2.56%. The functional and electrophoretic properties of the defatted flour were investigated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrofocusing indicated 14 bands of water-soluble protein subunits with isoelectric points between 3.81–8.08 and apparent molecular weights between 19,200 and 97,000 daltons. Minimum nitrogen solubility was observed at pH values between 3.0–7.0 and exceeded 90% at pH above 9.0. Solubility was a function of ionic strength. It appeared that, even at the pH of minimum solubility, the pumpkin seed proteins could be dissolved up to high concentrations by increasing NaCl molarity. The viscosity of flour-water dispersion was affected by flour and salt concentrations, and temperature. The least gelation concentration was 8% (w/v) and the water and oil absorption 24.8±2.03 and 84.4±4.05 g/100 g respectively. Sorption isotherms, BET monolayer moisture and binding energy of sorption were also calculated. Both foam capacity and stability were pH dependent.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akobundu ENT, Cherry JP, Simmons JG (1982) Chemical, functional, and nutritional properties of egusi (Colocynthis citrullus L.) seed protein products. J Food Sci 47: 829–835
Anderson RL, Wolf WJ, Glover D (1973) Extraction of soybean meal proteins with salt solutions at pH 4.5. J Agr Food Chem 21: 251–254
AOAC (1975) Official Methods of Analysis, 12th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC
Ashton FM (1976) Mobilization of storage proteins of seeds. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 27: 95–117
Bemis WP, Berry JW, Kennedy MJ, Woods D, Moran M, Deutschman JrAJ (1968) Oil composition ofCucurbita. JAOCS 44: 429–430
Beuchat LR (1977) Functional and electephoretic characteristics of succinylated peanut flour protein. J Agr Food Chem 25: 258–261
Cherry JP, McWatters KH, Beuchat LR (1979) Oilseed protein properties related to functionality in emulsions and foams. ACS Symp Ser 92: 1–26
Childs EA, Park KK (1976) Functional properties of acylated glandless cottonseed flour. J Food Sci 41: 713–714
Chou DH, Morr CV (1979) Protein-water interactions and functional properties. JAOCS 56: 53A-62A
Coffmann CW, Carcia VV (1977) Functional properties and amino acid content of a protein isolate from mung bean flour. J Food Technol 12: 473–478
Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Reberts PA, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 28: 350–356
Fleming SE, Sosulski FW, Kilara A, Humbert ES (1974) Viscosity and water absorption characteristics of slurries of sunflower and soybean flours, concentrates and isolates. J Food Sci 39: 188–191
Gillberg L, Törnell B (1976) Preparation of rapeseed protein isolates. Precipitation of rapeseed proteins in the presence of polyacids. J Food Sci 41: 1070–1075
Girgis P, Said F (1968) Lesser known Nigerian edible oils and fats. I. Characteristics of melon seed oils. J Sci Food Agric 19: 615–616
Hara I, Ohmiya M, Matsubara H (1978) Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) seed globulin. III. Comparison of subunit structures among seed globulins of variousCucurbita species and characterization of peptide components. Plant Cell Physiol 19: 237–243
Hara I, Wada K, Matsubara H (1976a) Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) seed globulin. II. Alterations during germination. Plant Cell Physiol 17: 815–823
Hara I, Wada K, Wakabayashi S, Matsubara H (1976b) Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) seed globulin. I. Purication, characterization, and subunit structure. Plant Cell Physiol 17: 799–814
Hutton CW, Campbell AM (1977) Functional properties of a soy concentrate and a soy isolate in simple systems and in a food system. Emulsion properties, thickening function and fat absorption. J Food Sci 42: 457–460
Hymowitz T, Collins FI, Panczner J, Walker WM (1972) Relationship between the content of oil, protein, and sugar in soybean seed. Agron J 64: 613–616
Jacks TJ (1986) Cucurbit seed protein and oil. ACS Symp Ser 312: 249–260
King RD, Onuora JO (1984) Effect of processing factors on some properties of melon seed flour. J Food Sci 49: 415–418
Kinsella JE (1982) Relationships between structure and functional properties of food proteins. In: Fox PF, Condon JJ (eds), Food Proteins. Applied Science Publishers, pp. 51–103
Labuza TP, Kaanane A, Chen JY (1985) Effect of temperature on the moisture sorption isotherms and water activity sift of two dehydrated foods. J Food Sci 50: 385–391
Lal BM, Datta N, Madaan TR (1983) A study of kernel oils of some cultivated cucurbits. Qual Plant Foods Hum Nutr 32: 83–85
Lawhon JT, Cater CM (1971) Effect of processing method and pH of precipitation on the yields and functional properties of protein isolates from glandless cottonseed. J Food Sci 36: 372–377
Lazos ES (1986a) Nutritional, fatty acid and oil characteristics of pumpkin and melon seeds. J Food Sci 51: 1382–1383
Lazos ES (1986b) Some chemical and physical characteristics of pumpkin seed oil. Chim Chron New Series 15: 91–96
Lin MJY, Humbert ES (1974) Certain functional properties of sunflower meal products. J Food Sci 39: 368–370
Lott JNA, Larsen PL, Darley JJ (1971) Protein bodies from cotyledons ofCucurbita maxima. Can J Bot 49: 1777–1782
Lott JNA, Vollmer CM (1973) The structure of protein bodies inCurcubita maxima cotyledons. Can J Bot 53: 687–688
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265–275
McWatters KH, Cherry JP (1975) Functional properties of peanut paste as affected by moist heat treatment of full-fat peanuts. J Food Sci 40: 1205–1209
McWatters KH, Cherry JP (1977) Emulsification, foaming and protein solubility properties of defatted soybean, peanut, field pea and pecan flours. J Food Sci 42: 1444–1447, 1450
Ogunremi EA (1978) Effects of nitrogen on melon (Citrullus lanatus) at Ibadan Nigeria. Exp Agric 14(4): 357–365
O'Kennedy BT, Reilly CC, Titus JS, Splittstoesser WE (1979) A comparison of the storage protein (globulin) of eight species ofCucurbitaceae. Can J Bot 57: 2044–2049
Onuora JO, King RD (1983) Melon seed flour: Composition and factors affecting the extractability of nitrogenous constituents. Lebens Wiss u Technol 16: 162–166
Pichl I (1976a) Seed globulins of various species ofCucurbitaceae. Phytochemistry 15: 717–722
Pichl I (1976b) Amino acid composition and nitrogen content of seed albumins and globulins of various species of theCucurbitaceae family. Biochem Physiol Pflanzen 170: 509–515
Pichl I (1978) Characterization of albumins isolated from seeds ofCucurbita maxima L. Biochem Physiol Pflanzen 172: 61–66
Ruiz JrLP, Hove EL (1976) Conditions affecting production of a protein isolate from lupin seed kernels. J Sci Food Agric 27: 667–674
Saravacos GD, Tsiourvas DA, Tsami E (1986) Effect of temperature on the water adsorption isotherms of sultana raisins. J Food Sci 51: 381–383, 387
Sathe SK, Salunkhe DK (1981) Functional properties of the great northern bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins: Emulsion, foaming, viscosity and gelation properties. J Food Sci 46: 71–74, 81
Sathe SK, Deshpande SS, Salunkhe DK (1982) Functional properties of wing bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. DC) proteins. J Food Sci 47: 503–509
Schmidt RH (1981) Gelation and coagulation. ACS Symp Ser 147: 131–147
Shen JL (1976) Solubility profile, intrinsic viscosity, and optical rotation studies of acid precipitated soy protein and of commercial soy isolate. J Agr Food Chem 24: 784–788
Sosulski F, Fleming SE (1977) Chemical, functional, and nutritional properties of sunflower protein products. JAOCS 54: 100A-104A
Thompson LU, Liu RFK, Jones JD (1982) Functional properties and food applications of rapeseed protein concentate. J Food Sci 47: 1175–1180
van Megen WH (1974) Solubility behavior of soybean globulins as a function of pH and ionic strength. J Agr Food Chem 22: 126–129
Vickery HB, Smith EL, Hubbel RB, Nolan LS (1941) Cucurbit seed globulins. I. Amino acid composition and preliminary tests of nutritive value. J Biol Chem 140: 613–624
Weber K, Osborn M (1969) The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem 244: 4406–4412
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lazos, E.S. Certain functional properties of defatted pumpkin seed flour. Plant Food Hum Nutr 42, 257–273 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02193934
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02193934