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Self-Plagiarism Research Literature in the Social Sciences: A Scoping Review

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Abstract

Self-plagiarism is a contentious issue in higher education, research and scholarly publishing contexts. The practice is problematic because it disrupts scientific publishing by over-emphasizing results, increasing journal publication costs, and artificially inflating journal impact, among other consequences. We hypothesized that there was a dearth of empirical studies on the topic of self-plagiarism, with an over-abundance of editorial and commentary articles based on anecdotal evidence. The research question was: What typologies of evidence characterize the literature on self-plagiarism in scholarly and research journals? We conducted a scoping review, using the search terms “self-plagiarism” and “self-plagiarism” (hyphenated), consulting five social sciences research databases, supplemented by a manual search for articles, resulting in over 5900 results. After removing duplicates and excluding non-scholarly sources, we arrived at a data set of 133 sources, with publication dates ranging from 1968 to 2017. With an interrater reliability of over 93% between two researchers, our typological analysis revealed 47 sources (34.3%) were editorials; 41 (29.9%) were conceptual research (including teaching cases); 16 (11.7%) were editorial responses; 12 (8.6%) were secondary research; and only 8 sources (5.8%) were primary research. There is little guidance in the available literature to graduate students or their professors about how to disentangle the complexities of self-plagiarism. With primary and secondary research combined accounting for 14.4% of overall contributions to the data set, and primary research constituting only 6% of overall contributions, we conclude with a call for more empirical evidence on the topic to support contributions to the scholarly dialogue.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the Open Science Framework repository, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UDVMK.

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Funding

This study was funded by a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Grant from the Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary. Grant # 10015164.

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  1. University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Sarah Elaine Eaton & Katherine Crossman

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  1. Sarah Elaine Eaton
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Contributions

SE designed the concept and drafted the manuscript. SB and KC developed exclusion/inclusion criteria, identified and categorized sources. KC developed Figs. 1 and 2. Percentage contributions are SE: 70%, KC: 30%. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sarah Elaine Eaton.

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Eaton, S.E., Crossman, K. Self-Plagiarism Research Literature in the Social Sciences: A Scoping Review. Interchange 49, 285–311 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-018-9333-6

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