Elsevier

Journal of Pragmatics

Volume 40, Issue 7, July 2008, Pages 1163-1183
Journal of Pragmatics

Scripting a new identity: The battle for Devanagari in nineteenth century India

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.06.005 Get rights and content

Abstract

This study investigates the discursive construction of Hindu identity in the late nineteenth century in North India. Analyzing historical data from a language ideological debate, I show that the construction of the Hindi language and script as perfect and the Urdu language and script as defective were part of the construction of Hindu identity. The metalinguistic debate on Hindi and Urdu often transgressed from linguistic into sociocultural realms by establishing links between language, ethics, morality, and authenticity. The Urdu language and script were argued to be foreign, fraudulent, and prejudiced, in contrast to the Hindi language and script, which were projected as indigenous, honest, and impartial. Drawing on a language ideological theoretical framework (Irvine and Gal, 2000), I show the actual workings of the semiotic processes of iconization, fractal recursivity, and erasure in this language debate. I also demonstrate that a major outcome of this debate was that Hindi and Urdu began to index Hindu and Muslim identity, respectively.

Section snippets

Rizwan Ahmad is Assistant Professor of English at the American University of Kuwait, Kuwait City. After earning an M.A. and M. Phil. in linguistics from the University of Delhi, Rizwan taught English and linguistics at the University of Science and Technology in Yemen for several years before starting his graduate work at the University of Michigan. He received a second M.A. and a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of Michigan. His main research interests are language ideology,

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    Rizwan Ahmad is Assistant Professor of English at the American University of Kuwait, Kuwait City. After earning an M.A. and M. Phil. in linguistics from the University of Delhi, Rizwan taught English and linguistics at the University of Science and Technology in Yemen for several years before starting his graduate work at the University of Michigan. He received a second M.A. and a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of Michigan. His main research interests are language ideology, multilingualism, and sociolinguistics of orthography. His Ph.D. dissertation examines the semiotic complexity of Urdu in India.

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