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Global Stainless Steel Cycle Exemplifies China’s Rise to Metal Dominance

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Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
* Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
†Yale University.
‡National Institute for Environmental Studies.
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 10, 3940–3946
Publication Date (Web):April 28, 2010
https://doi.org/10.1021/es903584q
Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

    The use of stainless steel, a metal employed in a wide range of technology applications, has been characterized for 51 countries and the world for the years 2000 and 2005. We find that the global stainless steel flow-into-use increased by more than 30% in that 5 year period, as did additions to in-use stocks. This growth was mainly driven by China, which accounted for almost half of the global growth in stainless steel crude production and which tripled its flow into use between 2000 and 2005. The global stainless steel-specific end-of-life recycling rate increased from 66% (2000) to 70% (2005); the landfilling rate was 22% for both years, and 9% (2000) to 12% (2005) was lost into recycled carbon and alloy steels. Within just 5 years, China passed such traditionally strong stainless steel producers and users as Japan, USA, Germany, and South Korea to become the dominant player of the stainless steel industry. However, China did not produce any significant stainless steel end-of-life flows in 2000 or 2005 because its products-in-use are still too new to require replacements. Major Chinese discard flows are expected to begin between 2015 and 2020.

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    A detailed description of the stainless steel making process, trade codes for 93 commodities, uncertainties; end-use-sector specific results in manufacturing, end use, and at end-of-life; stainless steel cycles at country (51), regional (8), and global level for years 2000 and 2005 (120 cycles in total; global cycles before and after data reconciliation). This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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