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Chemical Composition of Caneberry (Rubus spp.) Seeds and Oils and Their Antioxidant Potential

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Forage and Range Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Utah State University, 695 N.1100 E., Logan, Utah 84322-6300, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS New Crop Research Unit, Peoria, Illinois 61604, Brunswick Laboratories, 6 Thatcher Lane, Wareham, Massachusetts 02571, and Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 26, 7982–7987
Publication Date (Web):November 23, 2004
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049149a
Copyright © 2004 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

    Caneberries (Rubus spp. L.) are grown primarily throughout the Pacific Northwestern United States and Canada. Processing of caneberry fruit typically removes the seed, and the development of a value-added use of seeds could expand the market for caneberries and the profit margins for growers. An initial step toward the use of the seeds is a characterization of seed and oil. Our investigation has described compositional characteristics for seeds of five commonly grown caneberry species:  red raspberry, black raspberry, boysenberry, Marion blackberry, and evergreen blackberry. Seeds from all five species had 6−7% protein and 11−18% oil. The oils contained 53−63% linoleic acid, 15−31% linolenic acid, and 3−8% saturated fatty acids. The two smaller seeded raspberry species had higher percentages of oil, the lowest amounts of saturated fatty acid, and the highest amounts of linolenic acid. Antioxidant capacities were detected both for whole seeds and for cold-pressed oils but did not correlate to total phenolics or tocopherols. Ellagitannins and free ellagic acid were the main phenolics detected in all five caneberry species and were approximately 3-fold more abundant in the blackberries and the boysenberry than in the raspberries.

    Keywords: Tocopherols; ellagic acid; ellagitannin; α-linolenic acid; linoleic acid; saturated fatty acid; antioxidant capacity; oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC); raspberry; blackberry; boysenberry; Marion blackberry; Rubus

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    *

     To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel:  435-797-2901. Fax:  435-797-3075. E-mail: [email protected].

    ⊥

     Forage and Range Laboratory, USDA-ARS.

    ‡

     USDA-ARS New Crop Research Unit.

    §

     Brunswick Laboratories.

    ‖

     Oregon State University.

    †

     University of Georgia.

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