ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications
CONTENT TYPES

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 39, 9495-9501
RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT

Stainless Steel Leaches Nickel and Chromium into Foods during Cooking

View Author Information
Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
*Tel.: 541-737-8501. E-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 39, 9495–9501
Publication Date (Web):August 28, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402400v
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
Request reuse permissions

    Article Views

    2222

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    76
    LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICS
    Other access options
    Get e-Alerts
    SUBJECTS:

    Abstract

    Abstract Image

    Toxicological studies show that oral doses of nickel and chromium can cause cutaneous adverse reactions such as dermatitis. Additional dietary sources, such as leaching from stainless steel cookware during food preparation, are not well characterized. This study examined stainless steel grades, cooking time, repetitive cooking cycles, and multiple types of tomato sauces for their effects on nickel and chromium leaching. Trials included three types of stainless steels and a stainless steel saucepan, cooking times of 2–20 h, 10 consecutive cooking cycles, and four commercial tomato sauces. After a simulated cooking process, samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for Ni and Cr. After 6 h of cooking, Ni and Cr concentrations in tomato sauce increased up to 26- and 7-fold, respectively, depending on the grade of stainless steel. Longer cooking durations resulted in additional increases in metal leaching, where Ni concentrations increased 34-fold and Cr increased approximately 35-fold from sauces cooked without stainless steel. Cooking with new stainless steel resulted in the largest increases. Metal leaching decreases with sequential cooking cycles and stabilized after the sixth cooking cycle, although significant metal contributions to foods were still observed. The tenth cooking cycle resulted in an average of 88 μg of Ni and 86 μg of Cr leached per 126 g serving of tomato sauce. Stainless steel cookware can be an overlooked source of nickel and chromium, where the contribution is dependent on stainless steel grade, cooking time, and cookware usage.

    KEYWORDS:

    Read this article

    To access this article, please review the available access options below.

    Get instant access

    Purchase Access

    Read this article for 48 hours. Check out below using your ACS ID or as a guest.

    Recommended

    Access through Your Institution

    You may have access to this article through your institution.

    Your institution does not have access to this content. You can change your affiliated institution below.

    Cited By

    This article is cited by 76 publications.

    1. Shin-Ichi Ohira, Koretaka Nakamura, C. Phillip Shelor, Purnendu K. Dasgupta, and Kei Toda . Simultaneous Electrodialytic Preconcentration and Speciation of Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI). Analytical Chemistry 2015, 87 (22) , 11575-11580. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03464
    2. Farahayu Khairuddin, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi, Awais Ahmad, Low Kheng Oon, A. Bokhari, Daniel Joe Dailin, Mohamed A. Habila, Alam Nawaz, L.F. Chuah. Evaluation on microalgae for the production of bio-chemicals and electricity. Chemosphere 2024, 350 , 141007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141007
    3. Pubudi Dilshara, Bandara Abeysinghe, Ranjith Premasiri, Nimila Dushyantha, Nalin Ratnayake, Sandun Senarath, Amila Sandaruwan Ratnayake, Nadeera Batapola. The role of nickel (Ni) as a critical metal in clean energy transition: applications, global distribution and occurrences, production-demand and phytomining. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2024, 259 , 105912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2023.105912
    4. Jianting Feng, Ian T. Burke, Xiaohui Chen, Douglas I. Stewart. Assessing metal contamination and speciation in sewage sludge: implications for soil application and environmental risk. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 2023, 22 (4) , 1037-1058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-023-09675-y
    5. Qianyi Liu, Weifeng Mao, Daoyuan Yang, Yan Song, Ling Yong, Haixia Sui, Weidong Hao. An analysis of cumulative risks for 6 kinds of metal elements released from stainless-steel products intended to contact with food using the Maximum Cumulative Ratio. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 2023, 40 , 101210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101210
    6. Francesco Petrosino, Gerardo Coppola, Sudip Chakraborty, Stefano Curcio. Modeling of specific migration from food contact materials. Journal of Food Engineering 2023, 357 , 111652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111652
    7. Luc Schuler, Danny Zust, Georges Dahm, Fabienne Clabots. Nickel in foodstuffs available on the Luxembourgish market and dietary intake. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 2023, 16 (4) , 350-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2023.2249434
    8. Joana Moura, Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo, Ana Sofia Fernandes. Consumers’ practices and safety perceptions regarding the use of materials for food preparation and storage: Analyses by age group. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2023, 178 , 113901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2023.113901
    9. Travis K. van Leeuwen, Ryan Dowdy, Amberly Guerrero, Paul Gannon. Reactive evaporation and condensation of chromium: A review. Journal of Power Sources 2023, 572 , 233065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233065
    10. Davit Pipoyan, Seda Stepanyan, Meline Beglaryan, Alberto Mantovani. Risk Characterization of the Armenian Population to Nickel: Application of Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches to a Total Diet Study in Yerevan City. Biological Trace Element Research 2023, 201 (6) , 2721-2732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03371-8
    11. Aleš Tomášek, Jan Maňoušek, Jan Kuta, Jiří Hlásenský, Leoš Křen, Martin Šindler, Michal Zelený, Petr Kala, Petr Němec. Metals and Trace Elements in Calcified Valves in Patients with Acquired Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis: Is There a Connection with the Degeneration Process?. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2023, 13 (2) , 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020320
    12. Jesse Bertinato, Philip Griffin, . A low chromium diet increases body fat, energy intake and circulating triglycerides and insulin in male and female rats fed a moderately high-fat, high-sucrose diet from peripuberty to young adult age. PLOS ONE 2023, 18 (1) , e0281019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281019
    13. Richard Owusu-Apenten, Ernest Vieira. Basic Considerations for Food Processing. 2023, 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65433-7_11
    14. Ehsan Asghari, Bernhard Peter Kaltschmidt, Luis van Merwyk, Thomas Huser, Christian Kaltschmidt, Andreas Hütten, Barbara Kaltschmidt. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clusters Toxic Nickel Nanoparticles to Enhance Survival. Microorganisms 2022, 10 (11) , 2220. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112220
    15. Oluwatoyin Fatunsin, Omolola F. Adeyeye, Kehinde Olayinka, Temilola Oluseyi. Effect of pH on the Leaching of Potentially Toxic Metals from Different Types of Used Cooking Pots. Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 2022, , 712. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2022.712
    16. Daoyuan Yang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Jie Gao, Yan Song, Haixia Sui, Lei Zhu. Comparison of the test conditions of China and the Council of Europe on the release levels of metals from stainless-steel products from the Chinese market. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 2022, 33 , 100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100888
    17. Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz, Shahruliza Haja Hussain, Ahmad Razali Ishak, Muhamad Azwat Abdullah, Rafeezul Mohamed, Iqbal Iman Ruzi, Noorfatimah Yahaya, Nozlena Abdul Samad, Hisham Atan Edinur. Heavy Metal Concentrations in Malaysian Adults’ Hair and Associated Variables in Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia. Biological Trace Element Research 2022, 200 (8) , 3475-3481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02942-5
    18. Emanuel Felipe de Oliveira Filho, Marta Miranda, Tania Ferreiro, Carlos Herrero-Latorre, Pierre Castro Soares, Marta López-Alonso. Concentrations of Essential Trace and Toxic Elements Associated with Production and Manufacturing Processes in Galician Cheese. Molecules 2022, 27 (15) , 4938. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154938
    19. Andrea Casaroli, Marco Boniardi, Riccardo Gerosa, Fabjola Bilo, Laura Borgese, Paola Cirelli, Laura E. Depero. Metals release from stainless steel knives in simulated food contact. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 2022, 15 (3) , 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2022.2075473
    20. Kareem G. Elhage, Kayla St. Claire, Steven Daveluy. Acetic acid and the skin: a review of vinegar in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology 2022, 61 (7) , 804-811. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15804
    21. Carolin Fechner, Christin Hackethal, Tobias Höpfner, Jessica Dietrich, Dorit Bloch, Oliver Lindtner, Irmela Sarvan. Results of the BfR MEAL Study: In Germany, mercury is mostly contained in fish and seafood while cadmium, lead, and nickel are present in a broad spectrum of foods. Food Chemistry: X 2022, 14 , 100326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100326
    22. Katie M. Fellows, Shar Samy, Yoni Rodriguez, Stephen G. Whittaker. Investigating aluminum cookpots as a source of lead exposure in Afghan refugee children resettled in the United States. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2022, 32 (3) , 451-460. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-022-00431-y
    23. Müjgan ELVEREN, Etem OSMA. Farklı Özellikteki Tencerelerde Pişirilen Sebzelerde Element Birikiminin Araştırılması. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 2021, 8 (2) , 731-737. https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.954246
    24. M. K. Verma, S. Shakya, P. Kumar, J. Madhavi, J. Murugaiyan, M. V. R. Rao. Trends in packaging material for food products: historical background, current scenario, and future prospects. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021, 58 (11) , 4069-4082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-04964-2
    25. María Laura Ortiz, Alicia Moreno-Ortega, Horacio Eduardo Trulls, Fernando Cámara-Martos. Evaluation of in vitro bioaccessibility of Cr, Ni and Pb in rice varieties. Effect of cooking, dietary components and risk assessment. Journal of Cereal Science 2021, 102 , 103332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103332
    26. Adrian Bartos, Przemysław Niedzielski, Krzysztof Buczyłko, Joanna Leszczyńska. Nickel chelate complexes as a target for polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits and mice. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2021, 101 (13) , 1878-1893. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1691179
    27. Habtu Shumoy, Katleen Raes. Dissecting the facts about the impact of contaminant iron in human nutrition: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2021, 116 , 918-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.038
    28. Görkem TEYİN. PİŞİRME EKİPMANI KAYNAKLI AĞIR METALLERİN TESPİT EDİLMESİ; NOHUT ÖRNEĞİ. Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences 2021, 9 (3) , 666-675. https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.895459
    29. Andreas K. Benekos, Maria Tsigara, Stergios Zacharakis, Irene-Eva Triantaphyllidou, Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou, Alexandros Katsaounis, Dimitris V. Vayenas. Combined electrocoagulation and electrochemical oxidation treatment for groundwater denitrification. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 285 , 112068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112068
    30. R Steven Pappas, Naudia Gray, Mary Halstead, Liza Valentin-Blasini, Clifford Watson. Toxic Metal-Containing Particles in Aerosols from Pod-Type Electronic Cigarettes. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 2021, 45 (4) , 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaa088
    31. Nur Alia Sheh Omar, Yap Wing Fen, Irmawati Ramli, Umi Zulaikha Mohd Azmi, Hazwani Suhaila Hashim, Jaafar Abdullah, Mohd Adzir Mahdi. Cellulose and Vanadium Plasmonic Sensor to Measure Ni2+ Ions. Applied Sciences 2021, 11 (7) , 2963. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11072963
    32. Adele Evans, Anthony J. Slate, I. Devine Akhidime, Joanna Verran, Peter J. Kelly, Kathryn A. Whitehead. The Removal of Meat Exudate and Escherichia coli from Stainless Steel and Titanium Surfaces with Irregular and Regular Linear Topographies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18 (6) , 3198. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063198
    33. Andrea Casaroli, Marco Boniardi, Rogerta Dalipi, Laura Borgese, Laura E. Depero. Procedure optimization of type 304 and 420B stainless steels release in acetic acid. Food Control 2021, 120 , 107509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107509
    34. Teodor Alexandru Dincă, M. Stancu, Ioana Cătălina Plocon, Maria Bianca Sîrbu, Marius Sorinel Neacşu, Magdalena Mititelu. Cooking techniques and materials – choices that can influence the quality of life. Farmacist.ro 2021, 2 (199) , 22. https://doi.org/10.26416/Farm.199.2.2021.4871
    35. Teodor Alexandru Dincă, Maria Andreea Stancu, Ioana Cătălina Plocon, Maria Bianca Sîrbu, Marius Sorinel Neacşu, Magdalena Mititelu. Cooking techniques and materials, choices that can influence the quality of life (II). Farmacist.ro 2021, 3 (200) , 23. https://doi.org/10.26416/Farm.200.3.2021.4904
    36. Jan Manousek, Marian Felsoci, Roman Miklik, Jiri Parenica, Jan Krejci, Geir Bjørklund, Jana Klanova, Dalibor Mlejnek, Marie Miklikova, Petr Lokaj, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Jindrich Spinar. Delayed-type Hypersensitivity to Metals in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular Toxicology 2020, 20 (6) , 571-580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-020-09582-6
    37. Kazeem Akinyinka Akinwumi, Afusat Jagun Jubril, Oreoluwa Oluwafunke Olaniyan, Yusuf Yusuf Umar. Ethanol extract of Nigella sativa has antioxidant and ameliorative effect against nickel chloride-induced hepato-renal injury in rats. Clinical Phytoscience 2020, 6 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-020-00205-9
    38. Parvaneh Banavi, Ehsan Sadeghi, Farhad Garavand, Mahshid Heydari, Milad Rouhi. Release behavior of metals from tin-lined copper cookware into food simulants during cooking and cold storage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27 (31) , 38591-38601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09970-z
    39. Ye Ji Koo, Eun Chul Pack, Ye Jin Lee, Hyung Soo Kim, Dae Yong Jang, Seung Ha Lee, Young Soon Kim, Kyung Min Lim, Dal Woong Choi. Determination of toxic metal release from metallic kitchen utensils and their health risks. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2020, 145 , 111651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111651
    40. Ciara‐Ruth Kenny, Brigid Lucey, Ambrose Furey. Adverse Human Health Effects and Regulation of Metal Contaminants in Terrestrial Plant‐Derived Food and Phytopharmaceuticals. 2020, 321-375. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119036685.ch12
    41. Dana Filatova, Christine Cherpak. Mechanisms of Nickel-Induced Cell Damage in Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Nutritional Intervention Strategies. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2020, 20 (7) , 1010-1014. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200122155804
    42. Marta Tramontana, Leonardo Bianchi, Katharina Hansel, Daniela Agostinelli, Luca Stingeni. Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanism, Clinical Patterns, Treatment and Prevention Programs. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2020, 20 (7) , 992-1002. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200128141900
    43. Luana C. S. Leite, Elaine S. de P. Melo, Daniela G. Arakaki, Elisvânia F. dos Santos, Valter A. do Nascimento. Human Health Risk Assessment through Roasted Meats Consumption. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17 (18) , 6737. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186737
    44. Xiaoqing Cui, Bo Yang, Shen Zhao, Xuewei Li, Meng Qiao, Ran Mao, Yan Wang, Xu Zhao. Electrochemical sensor based on ZIF-8@dimethylglyoxime and β-cyclodextrin modified reduced graphene oxide for nickel (II) detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2020, 315 , 128091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128091
    45. Hina Rashid, Saad S. Alqahtani, Saeed Alshahrani. Diet: A Source of Endocrine Disruptors. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2020, 20 (5) , 633-645. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666191022100141
    46. Mehrnoosh Babaahmadifooladi, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Bruno De Meulenaer, Gijs Du Laing. Nickel in foods sampled on the Belgian market: identification of potential contamination sources. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2020, 37 (4) , 607-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2020.1714751
    47. William Shotyk, Muhammad Babar Javed, Tommy Noernberg. Trace elements in Labrador Tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum): How predominant sources to the plants impact the chemical composition of hot water extracts. Environmental Research 2020, 183 , 109272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109272
    48. K. Zuñiga-Diaz, C.D. Arrieta-Gonzalez, J. Porcayo-Calderon, J.G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, M. Casales-Diaz, L. Martinez-Gomez. Electrochemical Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels Exposed to Acetic Acid Solution. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 2020, 15 (2) , 1242-1263. https://doi.org/10.20964/2020.02.13
    49. Ayesha Siddiqa, Muhammad Faisal. Heavy Metals: Source, Toxicity Mechanisms, Health Effects, Nanotoxicology and Their Bioremediation. 2020, 117-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41552-5_6
    50. D Hasni, C Nilda, Yusriana, D I Annabila, Y Y Asna. A comparative study of sensory quality of sie reuboh (an Acehnese cooked meat) based on its cooking ware. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 425 (1) , 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/425/1/012024
    51. Jianli Li, Qiqiang Mou, Qiang Zeng, Yue Yu. Experimental Study on Precipitation Behavior of Spinels in Stainless Steel-Making Slag under Heating Treatment. Processes 2019, 7 (8) , 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7080487
    52. Simon Oussama Khelissa, Marwan Abdallah, Charafeddine Jama, Alexandre Barras, Nour-Eddine Chihib. Comparative Study on the Impact of Growth Conditions on the Physiology and the Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm and Planktonic Cells. Journal of Food Protection 2019, 82 (8) , 1357-1363. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-565
    53. Nenad Martinec, Sandra Balbino, Jasminka Dobša, Vesna Šimunić‐Mežnarić, Saša Legen. Macro‐ and microelements in pumpkin seed oils: Effect of processing, crop season, and country of origin. Food Science & Nutrition 2019, 7 (5) , 1634-1644. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.995
    54. Kewen Dong, Rui Zhou, Derek O. Northwood, Cheng Liu. Effect of Solution Treatment Time on Microhardness of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 803 , 37-41. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.803.37
    55. Andrew Scheman, Sara Hylwa-Deufel, Sharon E. Jacob, Rajani Katta, Susan Nedorost, Erin Warshaw, Kathryn Eifrid, Andrew J. Geiser, Lauren McGaughey, Nicole Scheman, Rebecca Kimyon, Chandler Rundle, Rob Shaver. Alternatives for Allergens in the 2018 American Contact Dermatitis Society Core Series: Report by the American Contact Alternatives Group. Dermatitis 2019, 30 (2) , 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000453
    56. Ana Lídia Miranda, Leda Freitas de Jesus, Maria de Fátima Ramos Moreira, Simone Santos Oliveira. Percepção de risco: estudo com trabalhadores de um estaleiro expostos a metais. Cadernos Saúde Coletiva 2019, 27 (1) , 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462x201900010330
    57. Subramanian Nellaiappan, Annamalai Senthil Kumar. A bipotentiostat based separation-free method for simultaneous flow injection analysis of chromium (III) and (VI) species. Electrochimica Acta 2018, 273 , 248-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.025
    58. Yue Yang, Xin-An Yang, Di Leng, Shang-Bing Wang, Wang-Bing Zhang. Fabrication of g-C3N4/SnS2/SnO2 nanocomposites for promoting photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) under visible light. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018, 335 , 491-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.173
    59. Chandler Rundle, Nikoleta Brankov, Sharon E. Jacob. Metal Allergy in Children. 2018, 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58503-1_37
    60. Anderson Sandoval-Amador, Jhon Edisson Torres-Ramirez, Diana Yiseth Vargas-Castro, Jhonatan Ramiro Caceres-Nuñez, Hugo Armando Estupiñan-Duran, Darío Yesid Peña-Ballesteros. Electrochemical Behavior of stainless steel AISI 430 exposed to simulated food. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 2018, 23 (1) https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620170001.0295
    61. Miloš Miler. Characterisation of secondary metal-bearing phases in used dental amalgam and assessment of gastric solubility. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2017, 39 (6) , 1607-1619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-9972-z
    62. Jin-hee Lee, Ji-Yeon Kim, Ye-Seul Park, Sang-Gyu Park, Jae-Ho Lee, Jong-Ho Yoon, Gyung-Tae Kim, Gi-Dong Han. Influence of usage environment from camping cooking utensils on migration of hazardous metals. Korean Journal of Food Preservation 2017, 24 (8) , 1094-1102. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.8.1094
    63. Sijing Chen, Xiaoling Jin, Zhilei Shan, Shuzhen Li, Jiawei Yin, Taoping Sun, Cheng Luo, Wei Yang, Ping Yao, Kaifeng Yu, Yan Zhang, Qian Cheng, Jinquan Cheng, Wei Bao, Liegang Liu. Inverse Association of Plasma Chromium Levels with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2017, 9 (3) , 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030294
    64. Fabrizio Guarneri, Chiara Costa, Serafinella P. Cannavò, Stefania Catania, Giuseppe D. Bua, Concettina Fenga, Giacomo Dugo. Release of nickel and chromium in common foods during cooking in 18/10 (grade 316) stainless steel pots. Contact Dermatitis 2017, 76 (1) , 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.12692
    65. Claire McAuley, Ave Dersch, Lisa N. Kates, Darryel R. Sowan, Christopher A. Ollson. Improving Risk Assessment Calculations for Traditional Foods Through Collaborative Research with First Nations Communities. Risk Analysis 2016, 36 (12) , 2195-2207. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12578
    66. B. Reyneke, P.H. Dobrowsky, T. Ndlovu, S. Khan, W. Khan. EMA-qPCR to monitor the efficiency of a closed-coupled solar pasteurization system in reducing Legionella contamination of roof-harvested rainwater. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 553 , 662-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.108
    67. R. Dalipi, L. Borgese, A. Casaroli, M. Boniardi, U. Fittschen, K. Tsuji, L.E. Depero. Study of metal release from stainless steels in simulated food contact by means of total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Journal of Food Engineering 2016, 173 , 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.10.045
    68. Yolanda S. Hedberg, Inger Odnevall Wallinder. Metal release from stainless steel in biological environments: A review. Biointerphases 2016, 11 (1) https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4934628
    69. P.H. Dobrowsky, M. Carstens, J. De Villiers, T.E. Cloete, W. Khan. Efficiency of a closed-coupled solar pasteurization system in treating roof harvested rainwater. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 536 , 206-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.126
    70. Adrian Bartos, Iwona Majak, Joanna Leszczyńska. Fluctuations in Foodborne Nickel as an Outcome of Industrial Processing. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 2015, 39 (6) , 2746-2752. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12525
    71. Frederic D. Müller, Christin Hackethal, Roman Schmidt, Oliver Kappenstein, Karla Pfaff, Andreas Luch. Metal release from coffee machines and electric kettles. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2015, 32 (11) , 1959-1964. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1086929
    72. G. Buonanno, G. Giovinco, L. Morawska, L. Stabile. Lung cancer risk of airborne particles for Italian population. Environmental Research 2015, 142 , 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.019
    73. . Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA Journal 2015https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4002
    74. Constantinos A. Georgiou, Georgios P. Danezis. Elemental and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry. 2015, 131-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63340-8.00003-0
    75. N. Mazinanian, I. Odnevall Wallinder, Y. Hedberg. Comparison of the influence of citric acid and acetic acid as simulant for acidic food on the release of alloy constituents from stainless steel AISI 201. Journal of Food Engineering 2015, 145 , 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.08.006
    76. Adrian Bartos, Iwona Majak, Joanna Leszczyńska. Uptake and assimilability of nickel in the course of systemic allergy: Implications for elimination diet. Food Research International 2014, 55 , 412-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.044
    Download PDF

    Pair your accounts.

    Export articles to Mendeley

    Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

    Pair your accounts.

    Export articles to Mendeley

    Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

    You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley!

    STEP 1:
    Click to create an ACS ID

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    MENDELEY PAIRING EXPIRED
    Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect