Physical Activity, Exercise, and Inflammatory Markers in Older Adults: Findings from The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Lisa H. Colbert PhD, MPH
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorMarjolein Visser PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorEleanor M. Simonsick
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorRussell P. Tracy PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorAnne B. Newman MD, MPH
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorStephen B. Kritchevsky PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Pahor MD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorDennis R. Taaffe PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer Brach PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorSusan Rubin MS
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorTamara B. Harris MD, MS
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorLisa H. Colbert PhD, MPH
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorMarjolein Visser PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorEleanor M. Simonsick
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorRussell P. Tracy PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorAnne B. Newman MD, MPH
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorStephen B. Kritchevsky PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Pahor MD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorDennis R. Taaffe PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer Brach PhD
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorSusan Rubin MS
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorTamara B. Harris MD, MS
From the * Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland † Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡ Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland § University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont ∥ Division of Geriatric Medicine ¶ Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania # Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee ** Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina †† School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ‡‡ Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Search for more papers by this authorThis study was supported by National Institute on Aging Contracts N01-AG-6–2101, N01-AG-6–2103, and N01-AG-6–2106 and American Heart Association Contract 9970066 N.
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the association between physical activity and inflammatory markers, with consideration for body fatness and antioxidant use.
Design: Cross-sectional study, using baseline data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study.
Setting: Metropolitan areas surrounding Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee.
Participants: Black and white, well-functioning men and women (N=3,075), aged 70 to 79.
Measurements: Interviewer-administered questionnaires of previous-week household, walking, exercise, and occupational/volunteer physical activities. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the association between activity level and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) with covariate adjustment. Antioxidant supplement use (multivitamin, vitamins E or C, beta carotene) was evaluated as an effect modifier of the association.
Results: Higher levels of exercise were associated with lower levels of CRP (P<.01), IL-6 (P<.001), and TNFα (P=.02) (e.g., CRP=1.95 mg/L for no exercise and 1.72 for >180 min/wk). Adjustment for body fatness attenuated the associations somewhat. Use of antioxidant supplements modified the CRP (Pinteraction=.01) and IL-6 (Pinteraction=.08) associations such that concentrations were low in those taking supplements (e.g., CRP=1.79–1.84 across exercise levels) and higher in nonsupplement users who did no exercise (2.03) than in those who did the most (1.72). Among nonexercisers, higher levels of other physical activity were related to lower levels of CRP (P<.01) and IL-6 (P=.02) but not TNFα (P=.36), even after accounting for body fat.
Conclusion: Inflammatory markers are lower in older adults with higher levels of exercise and nonexercise activity and in antioxidant supplement users regardless of exercise level.
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