Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations over the past two centuries have led to greater CO2 uptake by the oceans. This acidification process has changed the saturation state ofthe oceans with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. Here we estimate the in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data, and we also discuss the future impacts of anthropogenic CO2 on CaCO3 shell–forming species. CaCO3 dissolution rates, ranging from 0.003 to 1.2 micromoles per kilogram per year, are observed beginning near the aragonite saturation horizon. The total water column CaCO3 dissolution rate for the global oceans is approximately 0.5 ± 0.2 petagrams of CaCO3-C per year, which is approximately 45 to 65% of the export production of CaCO3.
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We thank all of those that contributed to the global data set complied for this project, including those responsible for the hydrographic, nutrient, oxygen, carbon, and CFC measurements and the chief scientists. This work was funded by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy. Partial support for K.L. was also provided by the Advanced Environmental Biotechnical Research Center at Pohung University of Science and Technology. This is Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution number 2633.
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Science
Volume 305 | Issue 5682
16 July 2004
16 July 2004
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American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Received: 1 March 2004
Accepted: 8 June 2004
Published in print: 16 July 2004
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