The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks
Abstract
The onset of planet formation in protoplanetary disks is marked by the growth and crystallization of sub–micrometer-sized dust grains accompanied by dust settling toward the disk mid-plane. Here, we present infrared spectra of disks around brown dwarfs and brown dwarf candidates. We show that all three processes occur in such cool disks in a way similar or identical to that in disks around low- and intermediate-mass stars. These results indicate that the onset of planet formation extends to disks around brown dwarfs, suggesting that planet formation is a robust process occurring in most young circumstellar disks.
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We are indebted to R. van Boekel and F. Przygodda for providing their data sets on Herbig Ae/Be and T Tauri stars. We thank G. Rieke, M. R. Meyer, M. Silverstone, and P. Apai for discussions. This material is based on work supported by NASA through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under cooperative agreement CAN-02-OSS-02 issued through the Office of Space Science. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), under NASA contract 1407. Support for this work was provided by NASA through contract number 1268028 issued by Jet Propulsion Laboratory–Caltech. The Max Planck Institute for Astronomy team acknowledges support from the European Community's Human Potential Programme under the contract HPRN-CT-2002-00308, PLANETS. We acknowledge the constructive and helpful comments of the two referees, which substantially improved the clarity and the presentation of this work.
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Published In
Science
Volume 310 | Issue 5749
4 November 2005
4 November 2005
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American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Received: 27 July 2005
Accepted: 5 October 2005
Published in print: 4 November 2005
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