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References and Notes

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Montessori M., The Montessori Method (Schocken, New York, 1964).
2
Lillard A. S., Montessori: The Science Behind the Genius (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 2005).
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Association Montessori Internationale (www.montessori-ami.org/).
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NICHD Early Child-Care Research Network, Harvard Ed. Rev.74, 1 (2004).
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Duncan G. J., Yeung W. J., Brooks-Gunn J., Smith J. R., Am. Soc. Rev.63, 406 (1998).
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McGrew K. S., Woodcock R. W., Woodcock-Johnson III Technical Manual (Riverside Publishing, Itasca, IL, 2001).
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Hart B., Risley T., Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children (P. H. Brookes, Baltimore, MD, 1995).
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Rubin K. H., The Social Problem Solving Test-Revised (Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, MI, 1988).
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Wimmer H., Perner J., Cognition13, 103 (1983).
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Zimmer C., Science300, 1079 (2003).
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Amsterlaw J., Wellman H., J. Cogn. Dev.7, 139 (2006).
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Borman G. D., et al., Am. Ed. Res. J.42, 673 (2005).
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17
NICHD Early Child-Care Research Network, Am. Ed. Res. J.42, 537 (2005).
18
The z-score conversion was used for the graph to give all tests the same metric. A z score sets the mean (in this case of the entire sample) at 0, one standard deviation above the mean at 1.68, and one standard deviation below the mean at −1.68.
19
Funding was provided by the Jacobs and Cantus Foundations and sabbatical fellowships from the Cattell Foundation and the University of Virginia to A.L. J. DeLoache, B. Detmer, L. Ma, A. Pinkham, R. Tai, and J. van Reet provided helpful comments, and E. Turkheimer provided valuable statistical advice. We thank the Milwaukee schools that participated; the children and their families; and A. Hart, T. Nishida, A. Pinkham, J. van Reet, and B. Rosen.

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Published In

Science
Volume 313 | Issue 5795
29 September 2006

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Published in print: 29 September 2006

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Angeline Lillard* [email protected]
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia P.O. Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Nicole Else-Quest
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53202, USA.

Notes

*
Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected]

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