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Is high-intensity interval training a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve health and fitness?

Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
27 September 2013

Abstract

Growing research suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve cardiorespiratory and metabolic health. “All out” HIIT models such as Wingate-type exercise are particularly effective, but this type of training may not be safe, tolerable or practical for many individuals. Recent studies, however, have revealed the potential for other models of HIIT, which may be more feasible but are still time-efficient, to stimulate adaptations similar to more demanding low-volume HIIT models and high-volume endurance-type training. As little as 3 HIIT sessions per week, involving ≤10 min of intense exercise within a time commitment of ≤30 min per session, including warm-up, recovery between intervals and cool down, has been shown to improve aerobic capacity, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, exercise tolerance and markers of disease risk after only a few weeks in both healthy individuals and people with cardiometabolic disorders. Additional research is warranted, as studies conducted have been relatively short-term, with a limited number of measurements performed on small groups of subjects. However, given that “lack of time” remains one of the most commonly cited barriers to regular exercise participation, low-volume HIIT is a time-efficient exercise strategy that warrants consideration by health practitioners and fitness professionals.

Résumé

De plus en plus d’études suggèrent que la méthode d’entraînement par intervalle de haute intensité (« HIIT ») est économique en matière de temps investi pour l’amélioration de la santé cardiorespiratoire et métabolique. Les approches « à fond de train » comme les exercices de type Wingate sont particulièrement efficaces, mais ce mode d’entraînement n’est peut-être pas sécuritaire, facile à tolérer et pratique pour bien des individus. Des études récentes révèlent le potentiel d’autres modèles HIIT apparemment plus pratiques et aussi efficaces pour susciter des adaptations similaires aux plus exigeants modèles HIIT à faible volume et d’entraînement en endurance à haut volume. À raison d’aussi peu que trois séances HIIT par semaine comprenant ≤ 10 min d’exercice intense dans une séance de ≤ 30 min incluant l’échauffement, la récupération entre les intervalles et le retour au calme, on améliore la capacité aérobie, la capacité oxydative du muscle squelettique, la tolérance à l’effort et les marqueurs du risque de maladie, et ce, après seulement quelques semaines tant chez des individus en bonne santé que chez des personnes aux prises avec des troubles cardiométaboliques. Il faut réaliser d’autres études, car celles qui ont été effectuées présentaient des résultats à court terme avec un nombre limité de mesures enregistrées auprès de petits groupes de sujets. Cependant, « le manque de temps » étant l’argument généralement évoqué comme obstacle à la pratique régulière de l’activité physique, un programme HIIT à faible volume constitue une approche efficace que devraient prendre en compte les praticiens de la santé et les professionnels de la condition physique. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Information & Authors

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Published In

cover image Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Volume 39Number 3March 2014
Pages: 409 - 412

History

Received: 30 April 2013
Accepted: 21 September 2013
Accepted manuscript online: 27 September 2013
Version of record online: 27 September 2013

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Key Words

  1. interval training
  2. exercise intensity
  3. training adaptations

Mots-clés

  1. entraînement par intervalle
  2. intensité de l’exercice
  3. adaptations à l’entraînement

Authors

Affiliations

Jenna B. Gillen
Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
Martin J. Gibala*
Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.

Notes

*
All editorial decisions for this paper were made by Michelle Porter and Terry Graham.

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156. Heart rate variability mediates motivation and fatigue throughout a high-intensity exercise program
157. Improving reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with high-intensity interval training (IMPROV-IT): study protocol for a two-centre, three-armed randomised controlled trial
158. High Intensity Interval Training Does Not Have Compensatory Effects on Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults
159. Eating Disorders in Athletes: From Risk Management to Therapy
160. Study on the Organic Integration of High Intensity Interval Training Regime and Physical Fitness Training of Special Operation Forces
161. Reduced exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) in an adult with Cystic Fibrosis: A mixed-methods case study
162. How do we support walking prescriptions for type 2 diabetes management? Facilitators and barriers following a 3-month prescription
163. The impact of a 6 week walking intervention on an obese population in relation to walking distance, waist to height ratio and body mass index
164.
165. Interval Endurance and Resistance Training as Part of a Community-Based Secondary Prevention Program for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease
166. High-intensity interval training prevents cognitive-motor impairment and serum BDNF level reduction in parkinson mice model
167. Exercise Intensity Matters in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Rehabilitation
168. Acute Effect of High-Intensity Interval Cycling on Carotid Arterial Stiffness and Hemodynamics
169. High-intensity interval training can modulate the systemic inflammation and HSP70 in the breast cancer: a randomized control trial
170. Psycho-physiological responses to perceptually-regulated interval runs in hypoxia and normoxia
171. Cardiac remodeling after six weeks of high-intensity interval training to exhaustion in endurance-trained men
172. Increasing Energy Flux to Maintain Diet-Induced Weight Loss
173. Effects of high-intensity interval training frequency on perceptual responses and future physical activity participation
174. Randomized Controlled Trial of the Lateral Push-Off Skater Exercise for High-Intensity Interval Training vs Conventional Treadmill Training
175. Effect of a high-intensity interval training on serum microRNA levels in women with breast cancer undergoing hormone therapy. A single-blind randomized trial
176. Research Tracker 6 Accelerometer Calibration and Validation in Comparison to GENEActiv, ActiGraph, and Gas Analysis in Young Adults
177. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain
178. CrossTalk proposal: Exercise training intensity is more important than volume to promote increases in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial content
179. Effects of a 12-Week Very-Low Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Maximal Aerobic Capacity, High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise, and Cardiac Autonomic Regulation: Non-randomized Parallel-Group Study
180. Self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise influences affective responses to and intentions to engage with high-intensity interval exercise
181. Energy Expenditure and Intensity of Group-Based High-Intensity Functional Training: A Brief Report
182. Time Lag and Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring During High Intensity Interval Training in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
183. Training intensity relative to ventilatory thresholds determines cardiorespiratory fitness improvements in sedentary adults with obesity
184. Acute intraocular pressure responses to high-intensity interval-training protocols in men and women
185. Effects of sprint interval exercise dose and sex on circulating irisin and redox status markers in adolescent swimmers
186. Ocular Accommodative Response is Modulated as a Function of Physical Exercise Intensity
187. Peak Power Output Is Similarly Recovered After Three- and Five-Days’ Rest Following Sprint Interval Training in Young and Older Adults
188. Comparison of the firefighter candidate physical ability test to weight lifting exercises using electromyography
189. Effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Continuous Exercise on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Untrained Healthy Males
190. High-Intensity Interval Training in Panic Disorder Patients
191. Muscle adaptation in response to a high-intensity interval training in obese older adults: effect of daily protein intake distribution
192. Psychological responses, muscle damage, inflammation, and delayed onset muscle soreness to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise in overweight men
193. Short-Term Psychological and Physiological Effects of Varying the Volume of High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Men
194. Short-Term Exercise Training Inconsistently Influences Basal Testosterone in Older Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
195. Physical versus psychosocial stress: effects on hormonal, autonomic, and psychological parameters in healthy young men
196. Effects of Specific Badminton Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity, Leg Strength Qualities and Agility Among College Players
197. Effect of a short multicomponent exercise intervention focused on muscle power in frail and pre frail elderly: A pilot trial
198. Sprint interval exercise versus continuous moderate intensity exercise: acute effects on tissue oxygenation, blood pressure and enjoyment in 18–30 year old inactive men
199. Comparative effects of high-intensity interval training with combined training on physical function markers in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
200. Tabata protocol: a review of its application, variations and outcomes
201. Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease: beyond attenuation of traditional risk factors
202. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with L-Citrulline Supplementation on Functional Capacities and Muscle Function in Dynapenic-Obese Older Adults
203. Effects of 3-Week Work-Matched High-Intensity Intermittent Cycling Training with Different Cadences on VO2max in University Athletes
204. How much exercise should be promoted to raise total daily energy expenditure and improve health?
205. The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain: A Mini-Review
206. Acute and chronic effects of High Intensity Interval Training on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers of postmenopausal obese women
207. A comparison of blood pressure reductions following 12-weeks of isometric exercise training either in the laboratory or at home
208. Ratings of Perceived Exertion Misclassify Intensities for Sedentary Older Adults During Graded Cycling Test: Effect of Supramaximal High-Intensity Interval Training
209. Interval training: a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve cardiometabolic health
210. In the Zone: An Exploration of Personal Characteristics Underlying Affective Responses to Heavy Exercise
211. Energy expenditure and EPOC between water-based high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training sessions in healthy women
212. Comparison of affective responses during and after low volume high-intensity interval exercise, continuous moderate- and continuous high-intensity exercise in active, untrained, healthy males
213. High-Intensity Interval Training in the Real World: Outcomes from a 12-Month Intervention in Overweight Adults
214. Acute High-Intensity Interval Cycling Improves Postprandial Lipid Metabolism
215. The influence of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on sedentary time in overweight and obese adults
216. Impact of high intensity interval exercise on executive function and brain derived neurotrophic factor in healthy college aged males
217. Effects of a novel exercise training protocol of Wingate-based sprint bouts dispersed over a day on selected cardiometabolic health markers in sedentary females: a pilot study
218. Comparison of health benefits between a high intensity interval training and a moderate intensity continuous training when performed in a nonlaboratory setting, in moderately obese women
219. The efficacy of a whole body sprint-interval training intervention in an office setting: A feasibility study
220. Perfil de lesões em praticantes de CrossFit: revisão sistemática
221. Effects of Once-a-week Interval Training Based on Body Mass Index and Exercise Frequency
222. Low back pain, obesity, and inflammatory markers: exercise as potential treatment
223. Decreasing sprint duration from 20 to 10 s during reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) attenuates the increase in maximal aerobic capacity but has no effect on affective and perceptual responses
224. High Intensity Interval Training Improves Physical Performance and Frailty in Aged Mice
225. That feeling I get: Examination of the exercise intensity-affect-enjoyment relationship
226. Glucose response to exercise in the post‐prandial period is independent of exercise intensity
227. Does low volume high-intensity interval training elicit superior benefits to continuous low to moderate-intensity training in cancer survivors?
228. In It Together: A Qualitative Evaluation of Participant Experiences of a 10-Week, Group-Based, Workplace HIIT Program for Insufficiently Active Adults
229. High-intensity interval training improves acute plasma volume responses to exercise that is age dependent
230. Effects of Exercise Modality During Additional “High-Intensity Interval Training” on Aerobic Fitness and Strength in Powerlifting and Strongman Athletes
231. The effect of low volume sprint interval training in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
232. The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Managing Obesity and Achieving Weight Loss
233. Indoor air quality of environments used for physical exercise and sports practice: Systematic review
234. Exercise Response Efficiency: A Novel Way to Enhance Population Health?
235. Pilot study: an acute bout of high intensity interval exercise increases 12.5 h GH secretion
236. The effect of running versus cycling high-intensity intermittent exercise on local tissue oxygenation and perceived enjoyment in 18–30-year-old sedentary men
237. Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Adaptations in Response to High-Intensity Interval Power Training
238. Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine availability does not alter the adaptations to high‐intensity interval training
239. High Intensity Crossfit Training Compared to High Intensity Swimming: A Pre-Post Trial to Assess the Impact on Body Composition, Muscle Strength and Resting Energy Expenditure
240. Research into the Health Benefits of Sprint Interval Training Should Focus on Protocols with Fewer and Shorter Sprints
241. Acute and chronic exercises: Effect on lipid metabolisms in obese individuals
242. Human hair follicle transcriptome profiling: a minimally invasive tool to assess molecular adaptations upon low‐volume, high‐intensity interval training
243. Effect of supramaximal exercise training on metabolic outcomes in obese adults
244. Acute high-intensity interval running increases markers of gastrointestinal damage and permeability but not gastrointestinal symptoms
245. High intensity training in obesity: a Meta-analysis
246. The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised laboratory-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets
247. The effect of two different interval-training programmes on physiological and performance indices
248. High-intensity interval training in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1: a randomized clinical trial
249. High intensity interval training does not impair strength gains in response to resistance training in premenopausal women
250. Effect of Number of Sprints in an SIT Session on Change in V˙O2max
251. Reply to Drs. Van Breda et al.
252. The effect of different exercise intensities on health related quality of life in people classified as obese
253. Modified sprint interval training protocols. Part II. Psychological responses1
254. Cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic performance adaptations to a 4-week sprint interval training in young healthy untrained females
255. High-intensity interval training improves performance in young and older individuals by increasing mechanical efficiency
256. Sex differences in the response of total PYY and GLP-1 to moderate-intensity continuous and sprint interval cycling exercise
257. Aerobic Exercise Training Modalities and Prediabetes Risk Reduction
258. Physiological Acute Response to High-Intensity Intermittent and Moderate-Intensity Continuous 5 km Running Performance: Implications for Training Prescription
259. A comparison of the health benefits of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) and moderate-intensity walking in type 2 diabetes patients
260. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) increases insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in sedentary aging men but not masters’ athletes: an observational study
261. More efficient, perhaps, but at what price? Pleasure and enjoyment responses to high-intensity interval exercise in low-active women with obesity
262. Effects of Two-Week High-Intensity Interval Training on Cognition in Adolescents – A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
263. Does Concurrent Training Intensity Distribution Matter?
264. Körperliches Training in Prävention und Therapie – Gestaltung und Effekte
265. Effects of a high-intensity interval training program versus a moderate-intensity continuous training program on maximal oxygen uptake and blood pressure in healthy adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
266. Sprint interval and moderate-intensity cycling training differentially affect adiposity and aerobic capacity in overweight young-adult women
267. Changes in aerobic capacity and glycaemic control in response to reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) are not different between sedentary men and women
268. Resistance-based interval exercise acutely improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes
269. Postprandial lipoprotein profile in two modes of high-intensity intermittent exercise
270. Effect of exercise intensity and mode on acute appetite control in men and women
271. The Effect of Active versus Passive Recovery Periods during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Local Tissue Oxygenation in 18 – 30 Year Old Sedentary Men
272. Exercise training comprising of single 20-s cycle sprints does not provide a sufficient stimulus for improving maximal aerobic capacity in sedentary individuals
273. The impact of work-matched interval training on V̇O2peak and V̇O2 kinetics: diminishing returns with increasing intensity
274. High intensity interval exercise enhances the global HDAC activity in PBMC and anti-inflammatory cytokines of overweight-obese subjects
275. Twelve Weeks of Sprint Interval Training Improves Indices of Cardiometabolic Health Similar to Traditional Endurance Training despite a Five-Fold Lower Exercise Volume and Time Commitment
276. Lymphocyte Redox Imbalance and Reduced Proliferation after a Single Session of High Intensity Interval Exercise
277. Can short-term high-intensity intermittent training reduce adiposity?
278. Feeling of Pleasure to High-Intensity Interval Exercise Is Dependent of the Number of Work Bouts and Physical Activity Status
279. Similar Responses of Circulating MicroRNAs to Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Vigorous-Intensity Continuous Exercise
280. Incidence of nonresponse and individual patterns of response following sprint interval training
281. Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring during differing exercise conditions
282. High intensity interval exercise decreases IL-8 and enhances the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin-10 in lean and overweight–obese individuals
283. A pilot study examining the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training and continuous low to moderate intensity training on quality of life, functional capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in cancer survivors
284. CrossTalk opposing view: High intensity interval training does not have a role in risk reduction or treatment of disease
285. High-intensity interval exercise training for public health: a big HIT or shall we HIT it on the head?
286. The effect of exercise mode on the acute response of satellite cells in old men
287. Physiological and molecular responses to an acute bout of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT)
288. Postexercise Hypotension After Continuous, Aerobic Interval, and Sprint Interval Exercise
289. Short‐term HIIT and Fat max training increase aerobic and metabolic fitness in men with class II and III obesity
290. Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training in a Gym Setting Improves Cardio-Metabolic and Psychological Health
291. Top 10 Research Questions Related to Physical Activity and Multiple Sclerosis
292. High Intensity Interval and Endurance Training Have Opposing Effects on Markers of Heart Failure and Cardiac Remodeling in Hypertensive Rats
293. Three Minutes of All-Out Intermittent Exercise per Week Increases Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity and Improves Cardiometabolic Health
294. Physiological and Health-Related Adaptations to Low-Volume Interval Training: Influences of Nutrition and Sex
295. Metabolic and hormonal responses to isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise and continuous moderate-intensity exercise
296. Exercício físico e doenças reumatológicas inflamatórias e autoimunes: evidências científicas e aplicações práticas
297. High-Intensity Intermittent Swimming Improves Cardiovascular Health Status for Women with Mild Hypertension

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