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Effects of Dehydration on Exercise Performance

Publication: Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
April 1999

Abstract

Dehydration refers both to hypohydration (dehydration induced prior to exercise) and to exercise-induced dehydration (dehydration that develops during exercise). The latter reduces aerobic endurance performance and results in increased body temperature, heart rate, perceived exertion, and possibly increased reliance on carbohydrate as a fuel source. Although the negative effects of exercise-induced dehydration on exercise performance were clearly demonstrated in the 1940s, athletes continued to believe for years thereafter that fluid intake was not beneficial. More recently, negative effects on performance have been demonstrated with modest (< 2%) dehydration, and these effects are exacerbated when the exercise is performed in a hot environment. The effects of hypohydration may vary, depending on whether it is induced through diuretics or sauna exposure, which substantially reduce plasma volume, or prior exercise, which has much less impact on plasma volume. Hypohydration reduces aerobic endurance, but its effects on muscle strength and endurance are not consistent and require further study. Key words: hypohydration, muscle strength, fluid intake, heat exposure

Résumé

La déshydratation, c'est aussi l'hypohydratation (déshydratation avant l'exercice et la déshydratation induite par l'exercice. La dernière, manifestée par une augmentation de la température, de la fréquence cardiaque, de la perception de l'intensité de l'effort, et possiblement par une plus grande dépendance à l'égard des hydrates de carbone comme source d'énergie, réduit l'endurance aérobie. Malgré des études dans les années 40 au sujet des effets négatifs de la déshydratation sur la performance à l'effort, les athlètes ont continué de croire pendant de nombreuses années que la consommation de liquide n'était pas utile. Plus récemment, les effets négatifs d'une déshydratation mineure (< 2%) sur la performance ont été démontrés et ces effets se sont accentués quand l'effort était accompli par temps chaud. Si l'hypohydratation est induite par des diurétiques ou une séance dans un sauna, le volume plasmatique est réduit de façon notable; si elle est installée avant l'effort, l'effet sur le volume plasmatique est beaucoup miondre. L'hypohydratation diminue la performance aérobie; ses effets sur la force musculaire et l'endurance sont équivoques et d'autres études doivent être réalisées. Mots-clés: hypohydratation, force musculaire, ingestion de fluide, exposition à la chaleur

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cover image Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume 24Number 2April 1999
Pages: 164 - 172

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Version of record online: 25 January 2011

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