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First published online November 26, 2012

A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007

Abstract

This article updates and describes a widely used data set on democracy. Covering 1800–2007 and 219 countries, it represents the most comprehensive dichotomous measure of democracy currently available. We argue that our measure’s distinguishing features—a concrete, dichotomous coding and a long time span—are of critical value to empirical work on democracy. Inspired by Robert Dahl, we define a country as democratic if it satisfies conditions for both contestation and participation. Specifically, democracies feature political leaders chosen through free and fair elections and satisfy a threshold value of suffrage. After comparing our coding to that of other popular measures, we illustrate how democracy’s predictive factors have evolved since 1800. In particular, we show that economic modernization variables have steadily declined in their correlation with democracy over time.

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Biographies

Carles Boix is Robert Garrett Professor of Politics and Public Affairs at Princeton University. He teaches and does research on political economy and comparative politics. He was the coeditor of the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics and the author of Democracy and Redistribution. He is currently writing a book on the formation of the state and the origins and persistence of inequality.
Michael Miller is assistant professor of government at the Australian National University. His researches focuses on empirical democratic theory and particularly on the role that authoritarian elections play in democratization and policy setting. He has published several articles in the Journal of Theoretical Politics, Journal of Conflict Resolution, and Social Choice and Welfare, among other journals.
Sebastian Rosato is an assistant professor of political science at the University of Notre Dame. He specializes in international relations theory. He is the author of Europe United: Power Politics and the Making of the European Community and of “The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory,” published in American Political Science Review.

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Published In

Article first published online: November 26, 2012
Issue published: December 2013

Keywords

  1. democracy
  2. democratization
  3. elections
  4. participation
  5. competitiveness
  6. development

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Affiliations

Carles Boix
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Michael Miller
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Sebastian Rosato
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

Notes

Carles Boix, Department of Politics and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 433 Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Email: [email protected]

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