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First published September 2002

Hopes Dashed and Dreams Fulfilled: Contingencies of Self-Worth and Graduate School Admissions

Jennifer Crocker, Samuel R. Sommers, and Riia K. LuhtanenView all authors and affiliations
Volume 28, Issue 9
https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022812012

Abstract

James (1890/1950) argued that self-esteem fluctuates around a typical level in response to successes and failures in domains on which self-worth is staked. In a test of James’s hypothesis, 32 students applying to graduate school completed a measure of contingencies of self-worth, and then for 2 months reported global self-esteem twice a week and any day they heard from a graduate program. As predicted, participants who were higher in basing their self-esteem on academic competence showed greater increases in self-esteem on acceptance days and greater decreases in self-esteem on rejection days than participants low in this contingency of self-worth. Daily affect was significantly related to daily self-esteem, but this association was stronger for students who based their self-esteem on academic competence, suggesting that affect and self-esteem are more strongly related when events are relevant to one’s contingencies of self-worth. Implications for research on stability of self-esteem are considered.

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1. We are grateful to Steve Raudenbush for this suggestion.

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Volume 28, Issue 9
Pages: 1275 - 1286
Article first published: September 2002
Issue published: September 2002

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Jennifer Crocker
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, [email protected]
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Samuel R. Sommers
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Riia K. Luhtanen
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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