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First published December 1993

Narcissism and Self-Evaluation Maintenance: Explorations in Object Relations

Carolnm C. Morf and Frederik RhodewaltView all authors and affiliations
Volume 19, Issue 6
https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167293196001

Abstract

This study examined effects of threat to the sef on efforts to maintain a positive self-evaluation in individuals with varying levels of narcissism. Male students (N= 216) with varying levels of narcissism, as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, were given feedback that they had been either slightly or substantially outperformed on an ego-relevant task. Subjects completed personality ratings of the better-performing other believing that the other would or would not see the evaluation. According to Tesser's self-evaluation maintenance model, one way to reduce threat from a better-performing other is to derogate the other More narcissistic individuals reacted to such a threat to self by rating the other more negatively than less narcissistic individuals. However, in contrast to prediction, narcissists were somewhat less negative in public than in private. Discussion centers on the utility of translating a psychoanalytic construct into social cognitive processes.

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1.
1. The test items had been selected through pilot testing to be sufficiently ambiguous so that this feedback manipulation would not arouse suspicion.
2.
2. The reduced degrees of freedom for these analyses are due to our changing the question in the post experimental questionnaire. After quite a few subjects had been run, it became evident during post experimental interviews that some subjects were misunderstanding the original phrasing of this question, although they did not appear to be misunderstanding the manipulation. We subsequently changed the wording of the question, and the analyses reported are only for the latter form of this question.
3.
3. Factor analysis on the individual items in the confederate personality ratings revealed only a positive and a negative factor. Accordingly, subjects' scores on the positive and negative items from the personality ratings were combined to produce an overall index of confederate evaluation on which lower numbers indicate a more negative evaluation. Separate analyses on the positive and negative items revealed identical patterns of effects.

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Volume 19, Issue 6
Pages: 668 - 676
Article first published: December 1993
Issue published: December 1993

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Carolnm C. Morf
University of Utah
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Frederik Rhodewalt
University of Utah
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