An Ontology for Strongly Sustainable Business Models: Defining an Enterprise Framework Compatible With Natural and Social Science
Abstract
Business is increasingly employing sustainability practices, aiming to improve environmental and social responsibility while maintaining and improving profitability. For many organizations, profit-oriented business models are a major constraint impeding progress in sustainability. A formally defined ontology, a model definition, for profit-oriented business models has been employed globally for several years. However, no equivalent ontology is available in research or practice that enables the description of strongly sustainable business models, as validated by ecological economics and derived from natural, social, and system sciences. We present a framework of strongly sustainable business model propositions and principles as findings from a transdisciplinary review of the literature. A comparative analysis was performed between the framework and the Osterwalder profit-oriented ontology for business models. We introduce an ontology that enables the description of successful strongly sustainable business models that resolves weaknesses and includes functionally necessary relationships.
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Biographies
Antony Upward is a recent graduate of York University’s Faculty of Environmental Studies and Schulich School of Business (Masters of Environmental Studies in Business Model Design and Sustainability). Mr. Upward has 27 years’ experience as a management consultant, including 10 years as an instructor at the Ted Rogers School of Information Technology Management, Ryerson University. Mr. Upward is a co-founder of the Strongly Sustainable Business Model Group, hosted by the OCAD University Strategic Innovation Lab and the founder of flourishing enterprise design consultancy Edward James Consulting Ltd. See SSBMG.com and www.EdwardJames.biz/Research.
Dr. Peter Jones is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Design at Toronto’s OCAD University, where he teaches in the Strategic Foresight and Innovation MDes program. Dr. Jones is an experienced researcher in design science and innovation management, the co-founder of the Systemic Design Research Network, and Board Member of the Institute for 21st Century Agoras.
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Value Creation for Sustainability in Port: Perspectives of Analysis an...
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Business Models of Social Enterprises: Insight into Key Components and...
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Sustainable development model for measuring and managing sustainabilit...
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Interaction Between Social Business Sustainability and Consumer Purcha...
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Convergence or Divergence among Business Models of Public Bus Transpor...
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How can businesses drive sufficiency? The business for sufficiency fra...
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Five key dimensions of post-growth business: Putting the pieces togeth...
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Taking Eco-Innovation to the Road—A Design-Based Workshop Concept for ...
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Strategies for regenerative business
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Designing and testing a new sustainable business model tool for multi-...
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Circular Economy Business Models in the SME Sector
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The Dynamics of Business Model Innovation for Technology Entrepreneurs...
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Business model of garment enterprises: a scientometric review
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Unpacking sustainable business models in the Swedish agricultural sect...
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Holistic integration of sustainability at universities: Evidences from...
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Exploring business models for sustainability: A bibliographic investig...
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Use of Environmental Management Systems and Renewable Energy Sources i...
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Toward a resilient complex adaptive system view of business models
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Innovation in Start-Up Business Model in Energy-Saving Solutions for S...
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Business Model Blueprints for the Shared Mobility Hub Network
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Principles for organizations striving for sustainable degrowth: Framew...
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Linking Sustainable Business Models to Socio-Ecological Resilience Thr...
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Toward Collaborative Cross-Sector Business Models for Sustainability
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Sustainability and Tourism Marketing: A Bibliometric Analysis of Publi...
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Reconceptualizing Entrepreneurial Performance: The Creation and Destru...
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Tensions et opportunités : le cas d’un dispositif participatif dédié à...
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Prevailing theoretical approaches predicting sustainable business mode...
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Risk Management as a Tool in the Development of Socio-Economic Ecosyst...
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Mission or margin? Using dynamic capabilities to manage tensions in so...
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The “Intrinsic Value” of Cultural Heritage as Driver for Circular Huma...
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Entrepreneurial lean thinking for sustainable business modeling: a wor...
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Backcasting for desirable futures in Finnish forest-based firms
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A conception of moral wayfinding for business managers: The obligation...
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Materiality Matrix Use in Aligning and Determining a Firm’s Sustainabl...
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A Step-by-Step Process towards an Evolutionary Policy Encouraging the ...
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Information Technology for Business Sustainability: A Literature Revie...
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Development of Performance Evaluation Indicators for Table Grape Packa...
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Regional Electricity Models for Community Energy in Germany: The Role ...
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A Soft Systems Methodology for Business Creation: The Lost World at Ty...
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A multiple criteria approach to map ecological-inclusive business mode...
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Typologies of Sustainable Business
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Mapping the types of business experimentation in creating sustainable ...
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Domain ontology of social sustainable development
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The Role of Social Enterprise Hybrid Business Models in Inclusive Valu...
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Sustainability Is All about Values: The Challenges of Considering Mora...
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The Circular Business Framework for Building, Developing and Steering ...
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Sustainable Business Models of Companies
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Transformative Business and Sustainability Transitions: A Framework an...
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The Networked Business Model for Systems Change: Integrating a Systems...
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Sustainable Value Creation for Advancing Sustainability Transition: An...
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Development of Sustainable Business Models for Innovation in the Swedi...
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The performance implication of corporate social responsibility in matc...
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Sustainable business models for inclusive growth: Towards a conceptual...
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SME Managers’ Perceptions of Sustainable Marketing Mix in Different So...
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Business models for environmental sustainability: Contemporary shortco...
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When top-down meets bottom-up: Is there a collaborative business model...
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Sustainable Business Models: A Bibliometric Performance Analysis
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Integrating Intellectual Property and Sustainable Business Models: The...
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Using the Business Model Canvas to increase the impact of green infras...
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Sustainable Business Models in Hybrids: A Conceptual Framework for Com...
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On the Nature of Corporate Sustainability
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Business Models for Sustainability: Choices and Consequences
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A Stakeholder Theory Perspective on Business Models: Value Creation fo...
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A hierarchical taxonomy of business model patterns
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Business Model Innovation in Greece: Its Effect on Organizational Sust...
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ICTs for delivering climate-development strategies: an informational g...
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Lean Startup and the business model: Experimenting for novelty and imp...
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Foresights from the Swedish Kitchen: Four Circular Value Opportunities...
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An Ontology-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Classification for an Expe...
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Assessing the Social Entrepreneurship Business Model: An Exploratory C...
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Anatomy of sustainable business model innovation
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Mapping of scientific production on design thinking as a tool for entr...
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Promotion of Accountability and Performance of the Social Economy Enti...
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Business models for interfirm energy cooperation in industrial parks: ...
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Business models and sustainable plastic management: A systematic revie...
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The critical aspects of co‐creating and co‐capturing sustainable value...
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The spatial representation of business models for climate adaptation: ...
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Education for flourishing: an illustration of boundary object use, pee...
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Addressing the design-implementation gap of sustainable business model...
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Sustainable business model archetypes for the electric vehicle battery...
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Developing a marketing framework for the bottom of the pyramid consume...
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Stakeholders' involvement in establishing sustainable business models
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Eco-Holonic 4.0 Circular Business Model to Conceptualize Sustainable V...
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Institutions for sustainability—Towards an expanded research program f...
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Spreading Sustainability Innovation through the Co-Evolution of Sustai...
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What does corporate strong sustainability actually mean in the real ma...
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Sustainable business model innovation: The role of boundary work for m...
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Arcs of carbon awareness in the value chain and their antecedents
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Dynamic business modeling for sustainability: Exploring a system dynam...
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Sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and business models: Integra...
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Migration from an SQL to a hybrid SQL/NoSQL data model
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Anchoring Sustainability Reporting to Value Creation
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Implementing environmental sustainability engagement into business
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The relationship between banks and company business models - sustainab...
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Sustainable Business Model: A Bibliometric Study
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A Review of Sustainable Business Models: Past Accomplishments and Futu...
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Information Systems as an Enabler for Creating Networks for Modernizat...
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Business Models in Renewable Energy Industry
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Sustainable Business Practices and Their Influence on Manager Decision...
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A framework to explore the functioning and sustainability of business ...
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Innovative and Sustainable Food Business Models
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Participative Governance of the Swiss Construction Material Industry: ...
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Business Model Innovation and Transition to a Sustainable Food System:...
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Transformative service research, service design, and social entreprene...
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A Process-Oriented Framework of Competencies for Sustainability Entrep...
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The imperative and research directions of sustainable project manageme...
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A Networked Analysis and Engineering Framework for New Business Models
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Opportunities for the Circular Economy in Smart Cities
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Towards sustainable business models for electric vehicle battery secon...
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Business-models of gravel, cement and concrete producers in Switzerlan...
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Business modelling in farm-based biogas production: towards network-le...
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A framework for sustainable value propositions in product-service syst...
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UCTM—An Ambidextrous Service Innovation Framework—A Bottom-Up Approach...
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Orientation towards social responsibility of North-West African firms
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Sustainable business models: a literature review
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Exploring critical factors of green business failure based on Grey-Dec...
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Building a business case for implementation of a circular economy in h...
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Circular, Green, and Bio Economy: How Do Companies in Land-Use Intensi...
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A framework to measure corporate sustainability performance: A strong ...
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Business Models for Sustainable Finance: The Case Study of Social Impa...
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Business model innovation for circular economy and sustainability: A r...
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Why and how to compete through sustainability: a review and outline of...
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When Is an Innovative Urban Mobility Business Model Sustainable? A Lit...
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Reviewing the Stakeholder Value Creation Literature: Towards a Sustain...
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Typologies of Sustainable Business
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Advanced Green Logistics Strategies and Technologies
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Local and Sustainable Food Businesses: Assessing the Role of Supply Ch...
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Global Business Models and the Social Responsibility of Multinational ...
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Sustainable business model experimentation by understanding ecologies ...
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An overview of sustainable business models for innovation in Swedish a...
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Business Models for Green Retrofitting
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Research on Sustainable Business Model Patterns: Status quo, Methodolo...
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Sustainable Business Models in an Entrepreneurial Environment
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Leveraging Sustainable Business Model Innovation Through Business-NGO ...
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Identifying Sustainable Business Models Through Sustainable Value Crea...
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Sustainable Business Models: Rethinking Value and Impact
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Strategy Design for Flourishing: A Robust Method
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Assessing the Impact of Sustainable Business Models: Challenges, Key I...
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Stages of Corporate Sustainability: Integrating the Strong Sustainabil...
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Firm Size and the Business Model for Sustainable Innovation
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Corporate sustainability in practice: An exploratory study of the sust...
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Sustainable business models: Providing a more holistic perspective
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Transformational Business Models, Grand Challenges, and Social Impact
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DOTK: Descriptive Ontology for Territorial Knowledge for Sustainabilit...
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Is there a Relation Between Ecological Practices and Spirituality? The...
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Sustainable business model innovation: A review
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Leveraging ontologies and machine-learning techniques for malware anal...
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Embracing the variety of sustainable business models: A prolific field...
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Creating value for multiple stakeholders: Sustainable business models ...
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How to Develop the Interdisciplinary Innovation Teams Sustainably?—A S...
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Business models for residential retrofit in the UK: a critical assessm...
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The sustainable business model pattern taxonomy—45 patterns to support...
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Sustainable value and trade‐offs: Exploring situational logics and pow...
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Transition without Conflict? Renewable Energy Initiatives in the Dutch...
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Exploring the Relationship Between Business Model Innovation, Corporat...
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Modelling environmental value: An examination of sustainable business ...
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Improving entrepreneurial knowledge and business innovations by simula...
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From an ideal dream towards reality analysis: Proposing Sustainable Va...
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Business model design in sustainable entrepreneurship: Illuminating th...
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Degrowth in business: An oxymoron or a viable business model for susta...
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An eco-critical perspective on business models: The value triangle as ...
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Associative Sustainable Business Models: Cases in the bean-to-bar choc...
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Nouveaux modèles économiques et création de valeur territoriale autour...
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A Southern-Based Code of Conduct in the Global Tea Supply Chain: Impli...
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Sustainable Business Model Design: A Review of Tools for Developing Re...
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Values-Based Business Model Innovation: A Toolkit
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Sustainable Business Models: The Case of the Collaborative Economy
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Sustainable System Value Creation: Development of Preliminary Framewor...
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CSR and Innovation: A Holistic Approach From a Business Perspective
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Wertebasierte Geschäftsmodellierung – Ein Werkzeugkasten für nachhalti...
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Unternehmerische Verantwortung und Nachhaltigkeit – Welche Rolle spiel...
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Permaculture as a Systemic Design Practice
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Education for Sustainable Development: Business modelling for flourish...
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Sustainable business model adoption among S&P 500 firms: A longitudina...
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Integrating sustainability in business model disclosure: Evidence from...
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Do circular economy business models capture intended environmental val...
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Early phases of the business model innovation process for sustainabili...
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Domain ontology of sustainable development in economy
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Barriers to Sustainable Business Model Innovation in Swedish Agricultu...
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Sustainable Qualifying Criteria for Designing Circular Business Models
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Analysing interplays between PSS business models and governmental poli...
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Towards a Typology of Approaches for Sustainability-Oriented Business ...
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Sustainable business model research and practice: Emerging field or pa...
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Upsides and downsides of the sharing economy: Collaborative consumptio...
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The Triple Bottom Line: A Critical Review from a Transdisciplinary Per...
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Transforming sustainability challenges into competitive advantage: Mul...
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Creating value through CSR across company functions and NGO collaborat...
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Towards a Conceptual Framework of Sustainable Business Model Innovatio...
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Business model innovation for sustainability: exploring evolutionary a...
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Maximization of Created Social Value: Social Business Models and Their...
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VALUES-BASED NETWORK AND BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION
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Bridging sustainable business model innovation and user-driven innovat...
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Business model experimentation for circularity: Driving sustainability...
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Relational leadership for strategic sustainability: practices and capa...
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An approach to business model innovation and design for strategic sust...
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Science in support of systematic leadership towards sustainability
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The Cambridge Business Model Innovation Process
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A Critical Assessment of Business Model Research
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Fostering Cultures of Sustainability through Community-Engaged Museums...
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Design thinking to enhance the sustainable business modelling process ...
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Business Model Experimentation for Sustainability
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Designing the Business Models for Circular Economy—Towards the Concept...
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Business Models in Renewable Energy Industry
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