Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences
Amy J. C. Cuddy,
Susan T. Fiske,
Virginia S. Y. Kwan,
Peter Glick,
Stéphanie Demoulin,
Jacques-Philippe Leyens,
Michael Harris Bond,
Jean-Claude Croizet,
Naomi Ellemers,
Ed Sleebos,
Tin Tin Htun,
Hyun-Jeong Kim,
Greg Maio,
Judi Perry,
Kristina Petkova,
Valery Todorov,
Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón,
Elena Morales,
Miguel Moya,
Marisol Palacios,
Vanessa Smith,
Rolando Perez,
Jorge Vala,
Rene Ziegler,
Corresponding Author
Amy J. C. Cuddy
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr Amy J. C. Cuddy, Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field Road, Boston, MA 02163 USA (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorSusan T. Fiske
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Search for more papers by this authorVirginia S. Y. Kwan
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStéphanie Demoulin
Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorJacques-Philippe Leyens
Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Harris Bond
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
Search for more papers by this authorRene Ziegler
Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this author
Amy J. C. Cuddy,
Susan T. Fiske,
Virginia S. Y. Kwan,
Peter Glick,
Stéphanie Demoulin,
Jacques-Philippe Leyens,
Michael Harris Bond,
Jean-Claude Croizet,
Naomi Ellemers,
Ed Sleebos,
Tin Tin Htun,
Hyun-Jeong Kim,
Greg Maio,
Judi Perry,
Kristina Petkova,
Valery Todorov,
Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón,
Elena Morales,
Miguel Moya,
Marisol Palacios,
Vanessa Smith,
Rolando Perez,
Jorge Vala,
Rene Ziegler,
Corresponding Author
Amy J. C. Cuddy
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr Amy J. C. Cuddy, Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field Road, Boston, MA 02163 USA (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorSusan T. Fiske
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Search for more papers by this authorVirginia S. Y. Kwan
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStéphanie Demoulin
Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorJacques-Philippe Leyens
Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Harris Bond
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
Search for more papers by this authorRene Ziegler
Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAfter the first six authors, the remaining authors are listed alphabetically by the last name of our primary contact at the university.
Abstract
The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N=1,028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out-groups receive ambivalent stereotypes (high on one dimension; low on the other); and (c) high status groups stereotypically are competent, whereas competitive groups stereotypically lack warmth. Data uncover one consequential cross-cultural difference: (d) the more collectivist cultures do not locate reference groups (in-groups and societal prototype groups) in the most positive cluster (high-competence/high-warmth), unlike individualist cultures. This demonstrates out-group derogation without obvious reference-group favouritism. The SCM can serve as a pancultural tool for predicting group stereotypes from structural relations with other groups in society, and comparing across societies.
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