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Neural Control of Force Output During Maximal and Submaximal Exercise

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Abstract

A common belief in exercise physiology is that fatigue during exercise is caused by changes in skeletal muscle metabolism. This ‘periphera’ fatigue results either from substrate depletion during submaximal exercise or metabolite accumulation during maximal exercise in the exercising muscles. However, if substrate depletion alone caused fatigue, intracellular ATP levels would decrease and lead to rigor and cellular death. Alternatively, metabolite accumulation would prevent any increase in exercise intensity near the end of exercise. At present, neither of these effects has been shown to occur, which suggests that fatigue may be controlled by changes in efferent neural command, generally described as ‘central’ fatigue.

In this review, we examine neural efferent command mechanisms involved in fatigue, including the concepts of muscle wisdom during short term maximal activity, and muscle unit rotation and teleoanticipation during submaximal endurance activity. We propose that neural strategies exist to maintain muscle reserve, and inhibit exercise activity before any irreparable damage to muscles and organs occurs. The finding that symptoms of fatigue occur in the nonexercising state in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome indicates that fatigue is probably not a physiological entity, but rather a sensory manifestation of these neural regulatory mechanisms.

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Acknowledgements

The Medical Research Council of South Africa, and the Harry Crossley Fund of the University of Cape Town provided funds for the studies described in this review.

This work was presented at a symposium on control mechanism in fatigue at the South African Sports Medicine Association Congress, Johannesburg, South Africa, 1999.

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  1. The Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sport Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa

    Alan St Clair Gibson, Michael I. Lambert & Timothy D. Noakes

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  1. Alan St Clair Gibson
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  2. Michael I. Lambert
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  3. Timothy D. Noakes
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Correspondence to Alan St Clair Gibson.

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St Clair Gibson, A., Lambert, M.I. & Noakes, T.D. Neural Control of Force Output During Maximal and Submaximal Exercise. Sports Med 31, 637–650 (2001). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131090-00001

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