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The biology of Canadian weeds. 142. Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell.; C. microcarpa Andrz. ex DC.; C. sativa (L.) Crantz.

Publication: Canadian Journal of Plant Science
July 2009

Abstract

This paper summarizes biological information on three cruciferous weed species: Camelina alyssum, C. microcarpa and C. sativa. Camelina sativa, which had been gathered or cultivated as an oil seed for many centuries in Europe, was the first to reach North America as a weed, towards the mid-19th century, gradually spreading across the prairies, mainly in crops, to British Columbia and the Northwest Territory. The most common of the three species in North America, C. microcarpa, arrived in the late 19th century, and subsequently appeared at numerous crop and uncultivated sites across the country, probably in cargo as the railways expanded. Camelina alyssum appeared in the early 20th century at restricted sites on the prairies, mostly in Saskatchewan. All three species have diminished in importance as crop weeds in western Canada over the past few decades. This reduction could be related to increased weed control by herbicides. Herbicide-resistant biotypes have recently been reported in C. microcarpa. Camelina sativa has attracted renewed interest as an oil crop, because of an adaptation to various climatic conditions, low nutrient requirements and resistance to disease and pests. In Europe, where it is now widely grown, it has shown considerable potential in the food, animal feed, nutraceutical, paint, dye, cosmetic and biofuel industries. In North America, it is being grown on a trial basis mainly for its potential as a biofuel in Alberta, Saskatchewan, the Maritime Provinces, and the northern United States of America.Key words: Flat-seeded false flax, small-seeded false flax, large-seeded false flax, caméline alysson, caméline à petits fruits, caméline cultivée, weed biology

Résumé

Cet article dresse le bilan de l’information connue sur la biologie de trois adventices du groupe des crucifères : Camelina alyssum, C. microcarpa et C. sativa. Camelina sativa qu’on utilise ou cultive pour son huile depuis plusieurs siècles en Europe, a été la première à atteindre l’Amérique du Nord comme mauvaise herbe, vers le milieu du XIXe siècle. Elle s’est ensuite étendue peu à peu aux Prairies, surtout dans les cultures, pour parvenir en Colombie-Britannique et jusque dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest. C. microcarpa, la plus commune des trois espèces en sol nord-américain, a été introduite vers la fin du XIXe siècle avant d’apparaître dans de multiples cultures et terrains incultes du continent, sans doute avec l’expansion du transport des marchandises et du trafic ferroviaire. Camelina alyssum est survenue au début du XXe siècle à quelques endroits des Prairies, principalement en Saskatchewan. Les trois espèces ont perdu de l’importance en tant que mauvaises herbes dans l’ouest du Canada ces dernières décennies. On le doit peut-être à l’usage accru des herbicides pour lutter contre les adventices. Des biotypes résistants aux herbicides ont récemment été signalés pour C. microcarpa. Camelina sativa a suscité un regain d’intérêt comme oléagineux, en raison de sa facilité d’adaptation aux conditions climatiques, de ses faibles exigences nutritives et de sa résistance à la maladie et aux ravageurs. En Europe, où on la cultive couramment, cette plante présente un potentiel considérable comme culture vivrière ou fourragère, comme nutraceutique, ainsi que pour les industries de la peinture, des colorants, des cosmétiques et des biocarburants. En Amérique du Nord, on la cultive expérimentalement en Alberta, en Saskatchewan, dans les Maritimes et dans le nord des É.-U., principalement en raison de son usage éventuel comme biocarburant.Mots clés : Caméline alysson, caméline à petits fruits, caméline faux-lin, flat-seeded false flax, small-seeded small flax, large-seeded small flax, biologie des mauvaises herbes

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cover image Canadian Journal of Plant Science
Canadian Journal of Plant Science
Volume 89Number 4July 2009
Pages: 791 - 810

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Version of record online: 18 March 2011

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