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Editorial:
- Dang Kim Son (Chief)
- Le Minh Hoa (Sec.)
- Dinh Anh Tuan
 GPXB 4376 (30/12/1992)

Contact:
Information center for Agriculture and Rural Development (ICARD)
  2 Ngoc Ha
  Hanoi - Vietnam
  Tel(84-4)7332160
  Fax: (84-4)8230381
  Email: Icard1@hn.vnn.vn

Newsletter
September-2005

 

Contents

 

 

 Vietnamese generai company of rubber-prospect of being a foremost Vietnamese agriculture group

   Vietnamese general company of  rubber (GERUCO) with more than 80,000 workers has achieved such record highest  results as output of 270,000 tons, productivity of 1 .6 tons/ha, selling price at 19,000,000VND/TON, tumover of 2,100 billions VND this year. In 2004, the employment salary reached a record high: 2,000,000VND/month -twofold as much as the rate in 2003 .

  GERUCO has expanded more than 70,000 ha of rubber this year, increasing to nearly 220,000 ha - occupying 50% of the total national rubber area. They exploited over 70,000 ha with an average productivity 1 5 tons/ha and an output of 270,000 tons of various type of rubber, representing by 70% of the national output. By the end of 2004, thanks to higher selling price, revenue reached more than 5.500 billions VND, including approximately 2, 1 00 billions VND of gltoss profit, which contributes to delivering more than 600 billions VND to the national budget. Moreover, the living conditions of workers have been improved. In 1995, worker's salary reached just more than 500,000 Vnd/month but it increased to 1 ,500,000 Vnd/month and 2,000,000 Vnd/month in 2003 and 2004 respectively. GERUCO not only fulfilled its production and business plan, improved workers' living conditions, developed 16 its attached companies throughout the country but also contributed to socio-economic development and national security and defence.

Leading profil-making companies includes Dau Tieng, Dong Nai, Tay Ninh and Phuoc Hoa. Despite having many difficulties, the companies such as Chu Sê, Krông Buk, supposed not to conduct monoculture of rubber.

 Eah'leo, Kon Tum, Chu Pah, Quảng Trị in the Highland and in the coastal central area have remarkably won profits.

   With such achievements,  rubber companies in Chu sê, Dầu Tiếng, Chu Prông are conferred with the Labour Hero title during the innovation period.

   However, the biggest challenge is presently to develop key economic rubber area in the South-east and protect such area from a contraction. Therefore, it is

The development strategy by 2010 are :

- Increase the share of the industrial sector and services; decrease the share of agricutural sector.

- Increase an annual developtnent speed by 20- 30%, obtain 600 -  700 millions USD of expọrt turnover; and create more than 100,000 jobs.

- Having slrived for 75 years, GEROCO has grown up and become a foremost Vietnamese agricullure group.

Moc Chau Tea Company in the Tea Production sector

     The regiment 280 under control of  the division 335 - a voluntary  armed force - has done their  business by shifting from a mihtary farm into Moc Chau state-owned farm in January 1 st 196 1.

     Through a series of efforts and experiments, agricultural farms discovered that weather, climate and soil conditions in Moc Chau Plateau are favourable to tea bushes and cows. By the end 1963, 141.33 ha of  Shan Tuyet tea bushes has been cultivated, resulting in a yield of 83 .5 tons. From 1 983 to 1998, having re-organized and shifted from state-owned farm into Moc Chau corporation, they have 700 ha oftea bushes; the highest yield they got was 3.450  tons, an average productivity was 49 quintals/ha. In 1 998, Moc Chau corporation was disbanded, then Moc Chau tea agro-industry enterprise under control of Vietnam Tea Corporation was established.

   In 1995, the company has 506, 1 1 ha of tea bushes, mainly ultivated in 1 960s. In addtion, it owned a Russian tea processing line with the capacity 42 tons/day and a Taiwanese green tea one with 7 tons/day.

   By then, the company has obtained 1, 135 ha of tea bushes, including 525 ha of highyield tea with the highest average productivity of 1 65 quintals/ha and output of 9,000 tons.

    The company is the first unit to make investment and provide comsumption markets for 3,755 tea-making households, including 1 ,894 ethnic households.

    There are 5 factories with 7 Taiwanese and Japanese processing lines with the total capacity 1 70 tons/day which include semimechanic, automatic and modem equipments.

   The company takes the lead in the national tea production. It also owns a fertilizer factory in order to attend to intensive farming. The company settles jobs for 4,256 people (including 2,005 ethic minorities); female workers occupies 78,5% (including 34% of ethmc minorities). The company has been the leading unit of Vietnam Tea Corporation and among agricuture enterprises in Son La Province in tenns of production, business, ecnomic integration and trađemark development for many years.

    Thanks to dynamic and creative efforts in a context of market -oriented economy, all members of company achieved much admiring results in production and business activities.

    In 2004, tea output increased 3.3 times, productivity raised 2.9 times, total revenue was 4,8 times, profit reached 1 ,350 billions VND, workers' incomes climbed 5.5 times as much as in 1995.

    After the 46 year-development , Moc Chau Tea Company tea has got many outstanding achievements, playing an important role in the national tea production, tuming Moc Chau Plateau into a key economic zone of Moc Chau District and Son La Province, been a reliable support for these inhabitants, Company was conferred with many orders, medals, certificates of merit from the Govemment and Party Committee. They strived to become a group of labour hero in the innovation period.

 Agricultural advanced technologies in Red river delta, Viet Nam these days

    Red River Delta comprises 11 provinces and cities; total natural area accounts for close to 14,806 km2; cultivation area:855,000 ha, accounts for 9.5% of the total land area of the country; population: 1 7,649 thousands, accounts for 22.0% of the country's opulation, population density: 1,230 people/km2 (2003). Located in the Hanoi-hai Phong-quang Ninh economic development triangle, having a favourable geographic condition for trading with China and Asian North East countries, Red River Delta is one of the key economic zones of Vietnam.

    Agricultural production in 5 years had some problems conceming the weather and diseases which caused huge damages to production such as waterlog due to rains in

the 2003/04 crop and the wide-spread poultry flu. However, in general, the agncultural production still gained great results. The average production value of each hectare/year increased to VND35.8 million in 2004 from VND24.5 million in 2000 (46% increase). Due to the heavy density, the agriculture in Red River Delta tends to suit the multicroping intensive cultivation and diversification of the production process as regards to the market demand. The quality and quantity of the agro-products in Red River Delta continues to

Improve. Besides the positive impacts of policies and the efforts of famlers, the contribution of advanced technology plays an important role in the development of agricultural production in the region. Follows are some science advances applied to the production of Red River Delta.

Rice see

Short-day rice seeds of high productivity plays the vital role in the structure of  rice seed of the region. In the 1 0 rice seeds cultivated in more than 60% (91 8,000 ha) of the annual total cultivation area, the two special rice seeds, the Khang Dan and Q5 seeds account for 570,000 hectares (47%). The productivity in 2004 increased by 2.9% compares to 2000 (l% higher than the average increase for rice of the whole country), in which the productivity in Summer - Spring increased 10.9% and the productivity in the mua crop increased 1 %. The Red River Delta was the region which had the highest productivity of rice when reached to 56.8 quintal/hectare. There were some provinces which had rather high rate of shott-day rice crops against the total cultivated area, such as: Ninh Binh (more than 85%), Ha Tay (800/O)' Thai Binh (more than 70%) and Nam Dinh (more than 80%).

    Crossbred rice seeds cultivated reached to 268,000 ha, accounted for 2 1% of the total cultivated area, in which seeds for the mua crop reached to 1 20,000 ha, accounted for 45o/o and Winter - Spring crop reached to 148,000 ha, accounted for 55%, higher than in other regions. Besides crossbred rice seeds of high productivity and medium quality such as D: uu 527 and Bac uu 64 and BTST, some domestic crossbred rice seed shave been produced and developed, such as VL 20, HYT 83, TH 3-3. There were some provinces which had a high rate ofcrossbred rice namely Nam Dinh: 57.5% (92,700 ha), Ninh Binh: 60% (48,300 ha) and Thai Binh: 1 8.4% (30,900 ha).

  In parallel with the expanding of F1 crossbred seed rice seed in cultivation, the study and application activities of F 1 crossbred seed have gained remarkable results, the annual production area of F 1 crossbred seed reached nearly 2000 ha with the average  productivity of about 2-2.2 tonne/ha/season and high quality and lower ptice compared to the price when import (30-50o/o).

    Bac thom 7, Huong thom so 1 and nep rice seeds comprising tam thom, tam xoan continued to be expanded and reached to more than 1 0% of the total rice cultivation area. Some provinces such as Nam Dinh, Bac Ninh began to establish special rice zone.

 Crops:

+ Maize: crossbred maize area account ed for 96.2%, in which domestic crossbred  maize seeds accounted for 65.4%. The ten ctossbred maize seeds (LVN4, LVN 10, B968 1 , P60, CP888, HQ2000,  LVNL 7, VN, VN2, B9797) reached nearly 75,000 ha, accounted for 80%. This contributed much to the rapid growth of maize productivity from 31.1 quintal/ha in 2000 to 39.9 quintal/ha in 2004 (28.3% increase). Many regions which had a large area of 500- 1 000 ha have reached the average productivity up to 50-55 quintal/ha.

+ Soybean: New short-day seeds of high productivity that suited to the Winter season such as DT84, ĐT 1 2, AK03 , DT99 and V74 accounted for 70% of the total cultivation area. They have helped contribute to the increase of the productivity of soybean to 13.7 quintal/ha in 2004 from 9.7 quintal/ha in 2000 (4 1 . 2%)

+ Peanut: Those peanut seeds of high productivity and quality such as Li4, MD7, Sen lai 75/23 , L 1 8 and Tram dau 207 accounted for close to 60% of the total cultivation area. This helped increase the peanut productivity by 25.3%

+ Vegetable, potaloes and mushroom:

- Application ofnew potato seeds of high productivity and quality such as: VT2, Diamant, Holland Hong Ha 7, KT3 . The clean multiplication technique, small round shaped potato breed production and cold storage breed preserve technique instead of the traditional preserve technique contributed to the increase of potato productivity to 1 3() quintal/ha in 2004 from 1 1 2 quintal/ha in 2000 ( 1 6% increase), potato production effectiveness increased 30-40%. There have been 80 cold storages for potato breed in the Red River Delta.

- High grade vegetable seeds, imported F1 breed of high quality and productivity such as American watermelons, cucumbers, carrots, Japanese baggages, French and American tomatoes, . . . have been increasing expanded. This brings about the strong alteration in the structure of vegetables. The rapid increase of clean vegetable area gradually meets the demand of the domestic consumption. Clean vegetable and mushroom production zones of high quality are being establish. In line with advanced techniques for new seeds, the organisation system as well as crop seed services are also adjusted for higher professional level. With the strong organisation system including enterprises, research institutes, seed co-operatives, the appliances and other materials for serving. The seed studies, roduction, reservation are rather sufflcient and synchronous from the central level to the grassroot level. This helps keep the annual seed output in the region up to more than 60% of nce seeds, 70% of maize seeds, more than 70% of soybean seeds and more than 50% of fruit trees. Therefore, the Red River Delta became the centre for crop seed production and supply for Northem provinces.

 Cultivation technique

      Sowing brick making technique and minimum soil improvement technique are popular in production for most of dry land crop namely maize, soybean, vegetable,… for the increase of crops, overlapped crops and reduction of labour cost, making use of the season, avoidance of unfavorable weather,

      Application of rice seed sowing technique with nylon cover of glound surface for dry land crops helps restrain weeds, economise water and fertilizer, reduce labour cost, reduce the damages from rains, heat, coldness and insects, increase the crop productivity and production effectiveness

      Application ofnet-house plantation technique for some crops of high value namely: flowers, vegetables, breeds, fruit trees free from diseases, . . . has been tested with great results in some regions such as Hanoi, Hai Phong, Bac Ninh, Ha Tay, Hai Duong

     Fruit trees and some other trees, cutting raising and grafting as well as branch raising techmques are very popular instead ofprovining techmque: Seed sowing (knot grafting, wedge grafting ), free-of-disease fruit tree multiplication by grafting technique.

 

     Fertiliser and biological products: mixed NPK fertilizing technique was popularized instead of sole fertilizing the time before. Besides, by using biological fertihzers, leaf

spraying fertilizers, growing regulation substances and biological products contribute much to the increase of productivity and quality, reduction of damages and agro- products' prices.

Agriculture mechanisation: At this time, most of activities comprising soil improve ment, harvest, feedpump, weed elimina-tion, processing and transportation have been mechanised with aims to reduce hard works, reduce agroproduets' prices, con tributes to the industrialisation and modemisation in rural areas.

  Husbandry

 There are many kinds of animals for husbandry in Red River Delta. Chicken: Colorful garđened chicken like Tam Hoang, Luong Phuong are now very much marketable, industrial chicken such as

Issa, Sacssol, superegg duck, supemleat duck and French goose are expanded and account ed _for 30-40o/o of the total 60 million heads.

Pig: Pigs raised in Red River Delta for meat mainly are crossbred pigs of Mong Cai pigs and other foreign crossbreeds such as Landrace, Yorshire, Duroc, Petrian or purebred pigs of them. At crossbreed centres at the glandparents level and higher level mainly create new varieties by crossbreeding from those above mentioned foreign pig breeds. The crossbred pig rate in the Red River Delta accounts for 80-90% of the total herd of about 7 million heads.

The Red River Delta has about 80,000 for eign sows.

    Cow: Cow for -meat in the Red River Delta mainly comes from the crossbreeding by the sperm of breeding ox for meat, Red Sindhi, Brahman, Sahiwal, Droughtmaster The aim is to improve the local cow. Milch cow in the Red River Delta is mainly HF crossbred milch cow, such as Fl , F2, F3 milch cow crossbred between ox like Holstein Frieslan (HF) and cow like Lai sind. Some area raised purebred cows namely Holstein Friesian and Jersey, at the top of the list is Ha Tay Province with 5,000 heads;

Hanoi: 3,000; Vinh Phuc Province: 1,000; Hung Yen Province: 1,500 heads, . . .

    Goat: There are many goat breeds attract the interest of fanners beside domestic goats

including co and Bach thao goats, they are imported goat breeds such as Beetal, Barbarry, Jamnapuri, Boer, Saanen and Alpine. These goat breeds are being raised in Ba Vi, Ha Tay Province and some other sunounding provinces such as Hoa Binh Province, Ninh Binh Province, . . .

   Husbandry activities in the Red River Delta comprise the models of lean pig husbandry farms, milch cow husbandry farms, application of artificial insemination technique and biological technology, chicken raising applying storey cages with automatic troughs and egg collecting conveyor belts. The temperature and fresh air in the cage are controlled by mechanism. Pig raising on concrete or plastic floor with automatic feeding machinery: At separate boar raising for crossbreeding, the temperature and light are controlled properly, most of their cages are closed tight with ventilation and are kept cool by steam ventilators. Sow raising is similar to the pregnant sow raising by square.

   Bio-gas is used popularly in husbandry of households in the Red River Delta. There are about 50,000 bio-gas pits in the total 150,000 pits in the whole country.

Husbandry farms use 1 00% of mixed and oncentrated feed. At household scale, people usually buy concentrated feed and themselves mix in 70-80% other material such as com flour, rice bran, mamoc flour through guidance ofproduction centres.

It can be said that the husbandry for trading has been partly inaustrialized, initially in industrial feed, breeding facilities and raising.

 

 
 

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