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Jim Crow Laws: Arkansas Close

Recorded eighteen Jim Crow laws between 1866 and 1959. Segregation of schools, public places and transportation were barred in 1873, but these laws were overturned by 1891.

1866: Education [Statute]
No Negro or mulatto would be allowed to attend any public school except one reserved for "colored persons."

1866: Miscegenation [Statute]
Repeals or modifications of statutes of common laws concerning intermarriage between whites and Negroes or mulattoes would be prohibited.

1873: Barred segregation of public carriers and accommodations [Statute]
Unlawful for railroads, steamboats, stage coaches, or other public carriers to refuse to provide same accommodations as are furnished others paying the same fare. Also unlawful to deny any person paying the same sum as others accommodation at public houses of entertainment, inns, hotels or restaurants.

1873: Barred school segregation [Statute]
Unlawful to refuse to provide equal and like accommodations for the education of each and every youth of school age.

1884: Miscegenation [State Code]
All marriages of white persons with Negroes or mulattoes declared illegal.

1891: Railroads [Statute]
Railroad companies and their employees have power to assign passengers to the proper seat or proper waiting room for each race. Penalties: Persons not complying with this ordinance were to be fined between $10 and $200. Employees who failed to assign a passenger to the correct place were to be fined $25. Railway companies not complying with the law would be fined between $100 and $500.

1893: Railroads [Statute]
All railroad companies to provide equal but separate accommodations for each race. In addition to providing separate passenger cars, the companies were to create separate waiting rooms at all passenger depots in the state.

1897: Education [Statute]
Separate colleges for teachers to be established for each race.

1903: Streetcars [Statute]
Streetcar companies are to separate white and black passengers. Penalties: Passengers who refused to take their assigned seat will be charged with a misdemeanor and fined $25. Companies that fail to enforce the law will also be found guilty of a misdemeanor and fined $25.

1921: Miscegenation [Statute]
Prohibits cohabitation between whites and blacks and defines the term "Negro" as any person who has any Negro blood in his veins.

1935: Public accommodations [Statute]
All race tracks and gaming establishments were to be segregated.

1947: Public Accommodation [Statute]
A series of statutes were passed that made segregation at polling places, on motor carriers and railroad cars and within prisons mandatory.

1947: Public accommodation [Statute]
Required separate washrooms in mines

1947: Voting rights [Statute]
Required voters to pay poll tax.

1947: Miscegenation [Statute]
Sexual relations and marriage between whites and blacks illegal. Penalty: First conviction $20 to $100, second, $100 minimum and up to 12 months imprisonment, third and subsequent convictions, one to three years imprisonment.

1947: Health Care [Statute]
Separate tuberculosis hospitals to be established for Negroes.

1947: Education [Statute]
Required segregation of races in public schools.

1957: Education [Statute]
No child required to enroll in a racially mixed school.

1957: Public Carrier [Statute]
Required segregation on all public carriers.

1958: Education [Statute]
Governor may close schools by election with ballot to read: "For racial integration of all schools within the �school district," or "Against racial integration of all schools within the school district."

1959: Public Carriers [Statute]
Required assignment of passengers to segregated seats on all intrastate buses.