The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographies

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Birth. March 9, 1930, Tokyo, Japan. He was baptized when he was sixteen years old. His elder brother, Minoru, was a chamberlain to the emperor of Japan.

Education. Tokyo State University, Tokyo; Major Interdiocesan Seminary, Tokyo, from 1949; Pontifical Collegio Urbaniano, Rome, from 1951 (philosophy and theology); Pontifical Gregorian University (canon law). He spoke English, French, Italian and Spanish, besides Japanese, and was learning Korean when he died. He taught Latin to the former crown prince and now emperor of Japan, but firmly opposed the new push for Latin in the Catholic Church.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 21, 1957, Rome, chapel of the Pontifical Collegio Urbaniano, Rome, by Pietro Sigismondi, titular archbishop of Neapoli di Pisidia, secretary of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide. In the same ceremony was also ordained Emmanuel Wamala, future cardinal. Returned to Tokyo and worked in the chancery; was secretary to the cardinal archbishop; vice-chancellor of the archdiocese; notary and vice-official of the ecclesiastical tribunal; responsible for ministry to students in the archdiocese; pastor of the cathedral; secretary of the Episcopal Commission for Liturgy; member of the presbyteral council; and member of the preparatory commission of the archdiocesan synod.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Oreto and appointed auxiliary of Tokyo, February 5, 1970. Consecrated, April 29, 1970, cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Tokyo, by Bruno Wustenberg, titular archbishop of Tiro, pro-nuncio in Japan, assisted by Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi, archbishop of Tokyo, and by Luke Katsusaburo Arai, bishop of Yokohama. In 1970, he was a passenger on Japan Airlines flight 351, which was hijacked. Transferred to see of Yokohama, October 30, 1979. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983. President of the Episcopal Conference of Japan, 1995-1998. In 1996, he initiated the annual meeting of Japanese and Korean bishops that has continued. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 29 to May 14, 1998. Promoted to archbishop and named president of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care for Migrants and Itinerants, June 15, 1998; resigned the pastoral government of the diocese of Yokohama, June 15, 1998. Attended the Special Assembly for Oceania of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 22 to December 12, 1998. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. His sense of humor and his willingness to travel anywhere to spend time with refugees, seafarers, circus workers and Roma gypsies became distinctive marks of his ministry.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Giovanni Bosco in via Tuscolana, October 21, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Resigned the presidency of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants for having reached the age limit, March 11, 2006. After returning from Japan on August 24, 2006, he underwent medical tests at Rome's Gemelli Hospital. The doctors there diagnosed lung cancer, and he decided to return to his homeland. Two days before departing for Tokyo on October 9, he had a private audience with the pope. His work as consultor in the Congregation for the Causes of Saints helped advance the cause of 188 Japanese martyrs who will be beatified in 2008.

Death. November 8, 2007, in the evening, of lung cancer, Tokyo. The funeral took place on Monday November 12, 2007, at noon, at the metropolitan cathedral of St. Mary, Tokyo, with Cardinal Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi, archbishop emeritus of Tokyo, as principal celebrant and representative of Pope Benedict XVI. Some 1,800 people, including about 200 bishops and priests, took part in the concelebrated mass. The late cardinal was buried in the cathedral of the Sacred Heart, Yokohama, Japan.

Links. His visit to refugees, Miami, Florida, United States of America, December 2000, in Spanish; brief biographical data, in English; Les Japonais en Asie, interview, in French, EDA, The Japan Mission Journal, Dossiers et documents N05/96, May 16, 1996; and some of his documents, in English, Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People.

Education. Joined the Order of Preachers (Dominicans), September, 1934; took name of Jérôme. Dominican Studium Generale, La Sarte and Louvain; military service, war and 3 months in prison (1940); University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, August 3, 1941. Further studies, 1941-1944. Faculty member, University of Fribourg, 1944-1962;Pontifical Angelicum Athenaeum, Rome, 1952-1953; Studium Generale, La Sarte; Dominican faculty of Saulchoir, France; rector, 1956-1962. Secretary general of studies of his order and general assistant for French Dominican provinces, 1962-1966. Expert at the secretariat for Christian Unity of the II Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Secretary adjunct of the secretariat for Christian Unity, 1966-1969; secretary, April 12, 1969.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Lorium and appointed secretary of the S.C. for Doctrine of Faith, June 14, 1973. Consecrated, June 29, 1973, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope Paul VI, assisted by Agostino Casaroli, titular archbishop of Cartago, secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Bernardin Gantin, former archbishop of Cotonou, secretary of the S.C. for the Evangelization of Peoples. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979. Pro-prefect of the Congregation for Religious and Secular Institutes, April 8, 1984.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 25, 1985; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Saba, May 25, 1985. Prefect of the Congregation for Religious and Secular Institutes, May 27, 1985. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; VII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1-30, 1987. Papal delegate to the IX centennial celebration of the monastery of St. John Evangelist, Patmos and Athens, Greece, September 23-27, 1988. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly the of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991. Resigned prefecture, January 21, 1992. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, January 29, 1996. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when he turned 80 years old, June 1, 1996.

Birth. December 15, 1851, Münster, Germany. Son of Albert von Hartmann and Maria von Heister. Received the sacrament of confirmation, August 2, 1865.

Education. Seminary of Münster, Münster, 1870-1874; University of Münster (philosophy and theology); Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Roman Athenaeum "S. Apollinare", Rome (doctorate in canon law, 1877).

Priesthood. Ordained, December 19, 1874, Münster. Further studies, Rome, 1874-1880. Chaplain of S. Maria dell'Anima, German church in Rome, 1875-1880. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, October 22, 1879. Pastoral work in the diocese of Münster, 1880-1890; coadjutor of the parishes of Havixbeck and Emmerich. Secretary to the bishop of Münster, 1890-1903. Counselor of the episcopal curia of Münich, 1895-1905. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Münster, 1903-1905. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness, October 23, 1903. Vicar general of Münster, 1905-1911; dean of the chapter and vicar capitular, 1910. Protonotary apostolic ad instar participantium, December 20, 1907.

Episcopate. Elected by the chapter bishop of Münster, June 9, 1911; confirmed by the pope, July 27, 1911. Consecrated, October 26, 1911, cathedral of Münster, by Cardinal Anton Fischer, archbishop of Cologne, assisted by Michael Felix Korum, bishop of Trier, and by Karl Josef Schulte, bishop of Paderborn. Elected by the chapter archbishop of Cologne, October 29, 1912; confirmed by the pope, December 2, 1912. Chairman of the Fulda Conference of Catholic Bishops, 1914-1919. Awarded the grand cross of Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 25, 1914; received the red hat and the title of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, May 28, 1914. Awarded the grand cross and bailiff of honor of the Sovereign Order of Malta, June 1914. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Member of the Prussian Chamber of Lords, January 1916.

Death. November 11, 1919, Cologne. Buried in the archbishop's crypt of the metropolitan cathedral of Cologne.

Bibliography. Berg, Ludwig. Ein Kirchenfürst im Felde : Seine Eminenz Felix Kardinal v. Hartmann Erzbischof von Cöln, an der Westfront v. 6. bis 14. April 1916 Bericht .... [s. l.] : Bachem, 1917. Responsibility : zsgest von dem kath. Feldgeistlichen d. Grossen Hauptquartiers Prof. Dr. Berg; Hartmann, Felix von. Dr. Felix von Hartmann, Bischof von Münster, erwählter Erzbischof von Köln : Ein Lebensbild. Köln : Bachem, 1913; Hartmann, Felix von. Die göttliche Vorsehung : Hirtenbrief Sr. Eminenz d. Herrn Felix Kard. v. Hartmann, Erzbischof von Köln ; Erlassen am 25. Jan. 1915. Köln : Bachem, 1915; Hartmann, Felix von. Hirtenbrief Sr. Erzbischöfl. : Gnaden des Hochw. Herrn Felix v. Hartmann, Erzbischof von Cöln, erlassen z. Tage d. Inthronisation am 9. April 1913. Cöln : Bachem, 1913; Hegel, Edward. "Hartmann, Felix von." Die Bischöfe der deutschsprachigen Länder, 1785/1803 bis 1945 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 1983, pp. 286-289; Pięta, Zenonem. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen IX (1903-1922). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 2002, pp. 13, 23, 135 and 257; Waal, Anton de. Die Kirche St. Johannis ante Portam latinam in Rom, Titularkirche Sr. Eminenz des hochwürdigsten Herrn Felix Kardinal v. Hartmann, Erzbischof von Köln. Köln : Bachem, 1914.

Birth. November 20, 1867, New York, United States of America. Son of Daniel Hayes and Mary Gleason.

Education. Manhattan College, N.Y.; St. Joseph's Seminary, Troy, N.Y.; The Catholic University of America, Washington.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 8, 1892, Troy, by Michael Augustine Corrigan, archbishop of New York. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of New York, 1894-1903; 1915-1919. Further studies, 1892-1894. President of the Catholic College, New York, and archdiocesan chancellor of New York, 1903-1914. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, October 15, 1907.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Tagaste and appointed auxiliary of New York, July 3, 1914. Consecrated, October 14, 1914, St. Patrick's cathedral, New York, by Cardinal John Farley, archbishop of New York, assisted by Henry Gabriels, bishop of Ogdensburg, and by Thomas Francis Cusack, bishop of Albany. Military ordinary for United States Army and Navy, November 24, 1917. Promoted to the metropolitan see of New York, March 10, 1919.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of March 24, 1924; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria in Via, March 27, 1924. Legate a latere to the National Eucharistic Congress, Cleveland, Ohio, August 20, 1935.

Death. September 4, 1938, New York. Buried, St. Patrick's metropolitan cathedral, New York.

Bibliography. Bransom, Charles N. Ordinations of U. S. Catholic bishops 1970-1989. A chronological list. Washington, D.C. : National Conference of Catholic Bishops ; United States Catholic Conference, 1990, p. 68; Code, Bernard. Dictionary of the American Hierarchy (1789-1964). New York : Joseph F. Wagner, 1964, pp. 127-128; Kelly. John B. Cardinal Hayes, one of ourselves. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, Inc., 1940.

Birth. February 24, 1884, Edinburgh, Scotland. Eldest son of of William Augustus Heard, headmaster of Fettes College, and Elizabeth Tamar Burt; she died when William Theodore was four. On August 9, 1910, he was received into the Roman Catholic Church at the Jesuit church in Farm Street, London.

Education. Oxford University, Oxford, England; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in philosophy, 1915; doctorates in both theology and canon law, 1921).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 30, 1918, Rome. Further studies in Rome, 1918-1921. Confessor for the students of the Venerable English College, Rome, 1918-1921; 1927-1960s. Pastoral work in the diocese of Southwark, England, 1921-1927. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, September 30, 1927. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, October 1, 1927; its dean, December 15, 1958.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 14, 1959; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Teodoro, December 17, 1959.

Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Feredi maggiore, April 5, 1962. Consecrated, April 19, 1962, patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome, by Pope John XXIII, assisted by Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo and by Cardinal Benedetto Aloisi Masella. In the same ceremony were consecrated Cardinals Joaquín Anselmo María Albareda, O.S.B., Antonio Bacci, Augustin Bea, S.J., Francesco Bracci, Michael Browne, O.P., Alberto di Jorio, André Jullien, P.S.S., Arcadio María Larraona, C.M.F., Francesco Morano, Alfredo Ottaviani and Francesco Roberti. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Participated in the conclave of 1963, which elected Pope Paul VI. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro illa vice to title, May 18, 1970. Lost the right to participate in the conclave by being older than eighty years, January 1, 1971. He had a long decline aggravated by failing sight and hearing.

Death. September 16, 1973, at the clinic of the Blue Sisters at S. Stefano Rotondo, Rome. Buried, chapel of the Venerable English College, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. Bellenger, Dominc Aidan and Stella Fletcher. Princes of the church. A history of the English cardinals. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire : Sutton Publishing Ltd., 2001, p. 159-160; Schofield, Nicholas ; Skinner, Gerard. The English cardinals. Oxford, UK : Family Publications, 2007, p. 208-210.

Birth. January 26, 1905, Ilford, diocese of Brentwood, England. Youngest of the four children of James Carmel Heenan and Anne Pilkington.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 16, 1930, Rome. Pastoral work in the diocese of Brentwood, 1931-1947. Superior of the Catholic Missionary Society in England and Wales, based in the archdiocese of Westminster, 1947-1951.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Leeds, January 27, 1951. Consecrated, March 12, 1951, Leeds, by William Godfrey, titular archbishop of Cio, Apostolic delegate in Great Britain, assisted by Joseph McCormack, bishop of Hexham and Newcastle, and by John Edward Petit, bishop of Menevia. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Liverpool, May 2, 1957. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Westminster, September 2, 1963.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 22, 1965; received the red biretta and the title of S. Silvestro in Capite, February 25, 1965. Attended the First Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 29, 1967. President of the Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, 1968- . Attended the First Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 11 to 28, 1969; the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971.

Death. November 7, 1975, London. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Westminster in London.

Bibliography. Bellenger, Dominc Aidan and Stella Fletcher. Princes of the church. A history of the English cardinals. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire : Sutton Publishing Ltd., 2001, pp. 154-155, 161-166 and 179; Schofield, Nicholas ; Skinner, Gerard. The English cardinals. Oxford, UK : Family Publications, 2007, p. 211-215.

Birth. September 10, 1910, Velmede, archdiocese of Paderborn, Germany. Son of Johann and Theresia Hengsbach; he had five brothers and two sisters.

Education. Institute of Brilon, Brilon; Seminary of Paderborn, Paderborn; Seminary of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau; Theological Faculty, Münich (obtained a doctorate in theology in 1944; dissertation: Das Wesen der Verkündigung - Eiene homiletische Untersuchung auf paulinischer Grundlag).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 13, 1937, Paderborn, by Kaspar Klein, archbishop of Paderborn. Vicar, Herne-Bukau, St. Mariren, 1937-1946. Secretary general of the Academy Bonifat-Eingung in Paderborn, 1946-1948. General secretary of the Central Committee for the Preparation of German Catholics, 1947. Director of the archdiocesan pastoral office of Paderborn, January 1, 1948-1958. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, 1952. General secretary of the Central Committe of German Catholic, April 30, 1952.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Cantano and appointed auxiliary of Paderborn, August 20, 1953. Consecrated, September 29, 1953, metropolitan cathedral of Paderborn, by Lorenz Jaeger, archbishop of Paderborn, assisted by Wilhelm Weskamm, bishop of Berlin, and by Friedrich Maria Rintelen, titular bishop of Cusira, auxiliary of Paderborn. Transferred to the see of Essen, November 18, 1957. Founder of "Adveniat", organization of the German episcopate to assist the church in Latin America. Military ordinary for Germany, October 10, 1961 until May 22, 1978. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. Attended the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971. Grand prior of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. President, German episcopal commission for Universal Church affairs, 1976. Member, Council of the European Episcopal Conference, 1977. Attended the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Puebla, México, January 27 to February 13, 1979.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 28, 1988; received the red biretta and the title of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario, June 28, 1988. Lost the right to participate in conclave when turned 80 years of age, September 10, 1990. Resigned the pastoral government of the diocese, February 21, 1991.

Death. June 24, 1991, in a hospital in Essen, from complications after a stomach surgery. Buried in the crypt of the cathedral of Essen.

Bibliography. Brandt, Hans Jürgen ; Hellmich, Klaus. Zeitzeuge Kardinal Franz Hengsbach : zum Gedenken an den Gründerbischof des Bistums Essen, 1910-1991. Essen, Germany : Verlag Ferdinand Kamp GmbH & Co., 1991; Gatz, Erwin. Die Bischöfe der deutschsprachigen Länder, 1945 2001 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Unter Mitwirkung von Franz Xaver Bischof ... [et al.] ; herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2002, p. 192-198.

Education. Joined the Sacerdotal Society of the Holy Cross and the Opus Dei, 1949, while he studied medicine in Madrid; Pontifical University of S. Tommaso d'Aquino, Rome (doctorate in canon law); University of Barcelona, Barcelona (doctorate in medicine); University of Navarra, Pamplona (doctorate in medicine).

Priesthood. Ordained, August 7, 1955, church of la Concepción, Madrid, by Juan Ricote Alonso, titular bishop of Miletopoli, auxiliary of Madrid. Professor of canon law, University of Navarra. Worked in the S.C. of the Council in catechetical and disciplinary matters concerning Latin America. In the II Vatican Council, 1962-1965, was assistant of study of the commissions for the discipline of the clergy and the Christian people. Undersecretary of the Pontifical Commission for the Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law. Member of the Institute of Juridical Studies Martín de Azpilcueta and of the editorial board of the journal Studi Cattolici, Milan, and Ius Canonicum, Pamplona. Collaborator to the Dictionarium morale et canonicum, Rome, and to the Gran Enciclopedia Rialp, Madrid. Collaborator also to numerous publications on canon law. In the prelature of the Opus Dei has performed pastoral work in Italy, Spain, Hispanic America, England, Ireland, France and Kenya. Secretary of the Pontifical Commission for the Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law, later Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of the Legislative Texts, 1984. Consultor of the Congregation for Bishops and member of several special commissions of the Roman Curia.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Vertara, December 15, 1990. Consecrated, January 6, 1991, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Pope John Paul II, assisted by Giovanni Battista Re, titular archbishop of Vescovio, substitute of the Secretariat of State, and by Justin Francis Rigali, titular archbishop of Bolsena, secretary of the Congregation for Bishops. In the same ceremony were consecrated future Cardinals Jean-Louis Tauran, Vinko Puljić, and Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, of the Fathers of Schönstatt. Promoted to archbishop, and named president of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of the Legislative Texts, December 19, 1994; confirmed for another quinquennium, November 16, 1999. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for Asia of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, April 29 to May 14, 1998. President of the Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia, December 3, 1999. Attended the II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of October 21, 2003; received the red biretta and the deaconry of S. Eugenio, October 21, 2003. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reappointed president of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of the Legislative Texts and president of the Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia, April 21, 2005. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005. Elected honorary academician of Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación de España, January 15, 2007. On February 15, 2007, the pope accepted the resignation to the post of president of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of the Legislative Texts that he had presented according to canon 354 of the Code of Canon Law. Will be special papal envoy to the celebrations of the 1750º anniversary of the martyrdom of Bishop Saint Fructuoso and Deacons Saints Augurio and Eulogio, known as the protomartyrs of Tarragona, Spain, which will take place in that city on January 25, 2009.

Links. Photograph and interview, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Code of Canon Law, Vatican Radio, January 25, 2003, in Spanish; and his arms.

Birth. December 19, 1886, Santander, Spain. Tenth of the thirteen children of José Herrera Ariosa and Asunción Oria.

Education. Secondary studies with the Jesuit Fathers in Valladolid; University of Deusto, Deusto (law); University of Salamanca, Salamanca (licentiate in law, 1905); University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (ecclesiastical studies, 1936-1940).

Early life. Entered the Cuerpo de Abogados del Estado, by opposition, in 1908; sent to the Delegation of the Treasury, Burgos; he was there for a year. Returned to Madrid and entered the Marian Congregation of los Luises, directed by Father Ayala, S.J. On December 3, 1909, he was named president of the recently founded Asociación Católica Nacional de Jóvenes Propagandistas; he travelled through a large part of the country promoting Catholic principles. Director of El Debate, November 1, 1911-1933. Founder of Editorial Católica, of El Debate School of Journalism, of Confederación Nacional Católica Agraria, and of Centro de Estudios Universitarios e Instituto Social Obrero.Participated in the formation of Pax Romana as well as in the initial steps of the Summer University of Santander. President of Central Board of Spanish Catholic Action, 1933-1936.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 28, 1940, Fribourg. Returned to Spain in 1943. Coadjutor of the parish of Santa Lucía, the diocese of Santander, 1943-1947.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Málaga, April 24, 1947. Consecrated, June 30, 1947, parish church of Santa Lucía, temporary cathedral, by Gaetano Cicognani, titular archbishop of Ancira, nuncio in Spain, assisted by José Miralles y Sberet, titular archbishop of Beore, bishop of Mallorca, and by José María Eguino Trecu, bishop of Santander. Establsihed Instituto Social Leôn XIII in 1952; its Facultad Eclesiástica de Ciencias Sociales earned great prestige. Promoted the Escuela de Cidadanía Cristiana; the Residencia para Obreros Pío XI; and created the School of Journalism of the Church.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 22, 1965; received the red biretta, March 1, 1965, Madrid, from Generalissimo Francisco Franco, chief of State; and the title of Sacro Cuore di Maria a Piazza Euclide, March 26, 1965. Resigned the pastoral government of the diocese, August 19, 1966.

Death. July 28, 1968, Madrid. Buried in the chapel of San Rafael in the cathedral of Málaga; the bust of the cardinal, in bronze, was sculpted by Víctor de los Rmos, from Má; the wrought iron grill that closes the chapel is the work of maestro Luis Gómez (1770).

Beatification. His cause of beatification was introduced on November 20, 1995.

Bibliography. Echeverría, Lamberto de. Episcopologio español contemporáneo, 1868-1985 : datos biográficos y genealogía espiritual de los 585 obispos nacidos o consagrados en España entre el 1 de enero de 1868 y el 31 de diciembre de 1985 . Salamanca : Universidad de Salamanca, 1986. (Acta Salmanticensia; Derecho; 45), p. 108; García Escudero, José María. De periodista a cardenal : vida de Angel Herrera. Madrid : Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1998. (Biblioteca de autores cristianos ; 590); Herrera Oria, Angel; García Escudero, José María. Homenaje a Angel Herrera Oria. Santander : Tantin, 1987. Contents: Angel Herrera / José María García Escudero -- La Iglesia y la guerra civil / Fernando García de Cortázar -- Herrera Oria ante la problemática social / José Andrés Gallego -- Herrera Oria y el catolicismo político español / Javier Tusell -- Angel Herrera, hombre de Iglesia / José Luis Gutiérrez García; Martín Artajo, Alberto. El pensamiento social del cardenal Herrera Oria. Madrid : [s.n.], 1969. General Info: Overdr. uit: "Anales" de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas; núm. 46, 1969. Other title: "Anales" de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas; nzm. 46, 1969; Sánchez Jiménez, José. El cardenal Herrera Oria : pensamiento y acción social. Madrid : Ediciones Encuentro, 1986. (Ensayos ; 28; Variation: Ensayos (Ediciones Encuentro) ; 28).

Link. His tomb, chapel of San Rafael, cathedral of Málaga, Málaga (at the bottom of the page).

Birth. October 11, 1920, Midland, diocese of Saginaw, Michigan, United States. Son of James Peter Hickey, a dentist who taught his son about charity by example, treating patients who could not pay for their dental care during the Depression, and Agnes Ryan.

Education. Sacred Heart Seminary College, Detroit; Catholic University of America, Washington; Pontifical Lateran University (doctorate in canon law); Pontifical Angelicum University, Rome (doctorate in theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, June 15, 1946, Saginaw, by William Francis Murphy, bishop of Saginaw. Pastoral work in the diocese of Saginaw, 1946-1947. Further studies, Rome, 1947-1951. In Saginaw, pastoral work; secretary to the bishop, 1957-1966; founder and rector of St. Paul Seminary. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965; as expert and assistant to Bishop Stephen Stanislaus Woznicki of Saginaw. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, October 31, 1963.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Taraqua and appointed auxiliary of Saginaw, February 18, 1967. Consecrated, April 14, 1967, cathedral of St. Mary, Saginaw, by John Francis Dearden, archbishop of Detroit, assisted by Stephen Stanislaus Woznicki, bishop of Saginaw, and by Stephen Aloysius Leven, titular bishop of Bure, auxiliary of San Antonio. Rector of the North American College, Rome, March 1969. Transferred to the see of Cleveland, May 31, 1974. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Washington, June 17, 1980.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 28, 1988; received the red biretta and the title of S. Maria Madre del Redentore a Tor Bella Monaca, June 28, 1988. Attended the VIII Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 28, 1990; member of the general secretariat, 1990-1994. Attended the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994. Special papal envoy to the ceremonies for the 150th anniversary of the erection of the diocese of Cleveland, U.S.A., August 17, 1997. Attended the Special Assembly for America of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 16 to December 12, 1997. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, October 11, 2000. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, November 21, 2000.

Death. October 24, 2004, at 6:15 a.m., at the Jeanne Jugan Home of the Little Sisters of the Poor, Washington, D.C. The funeral took place in the basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception on the campus of The Catholic University of America; Cardinal William Wakefield Baum, penitentiary major emeritus and former archbishop of Washington, represented the pope; the main celebrant was Cardinal Theodore Edgar McCarrick, archbishop of Washington. The late cardinal was buried in St. Francis Chapel, St. Matthew's metropolitan cathedral, Washington. Cardinal Patrick O'Boyle, former archbishop of Washington, was also buried there following his death in 1987.

Bibliography. Bransonm, Charles N. Ordinations of U.S. Catholic bishops, 1790-1989. A chronological list. Washington : National Conference of Catholic Bishops ; United States Catholic Conference, 1990, p. 151; Code, Bernard. American Bishops 1964-1970. St. Louis : Wexford Press, 1970, p. 9 MacGregor, Morris. "Hickey, James Aloysius." New Catholic encyclopedia : jubilee volume, the Wojtyła years. Detroit, MI : Gale Group in association with the Catholic University of America, 2001, p. 309-310.

Birth. August 25, 1865, Selby, diocese of Leeds, England. Son of Thomas Hinsley, a local carpenter, and his wife, Bridget Ryan, from Ireland.

Education. Ushaw College, Durham; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome; Pontifical Roman Academy of St. Thomas Aquinos, Rome.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 23; 1893, Rome. Faculty member of Ushaw College, 1893-1897. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Westminster, 1898. Headmaster of St. Bede's Grammar School, 1899-1904. Pastoral work in the archdiocese of Westminster, 1904-1917. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, November 14, 1917. Rector of the Venerable English College, Rome, 1917-1930.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Sebastopoli, August 10, 1926. Consecrated, November 30, 1926, chapel of the English College, Rome, by Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val, secretary of the Supreme S.C. of the Holy Office, assisted by Giuseppe Palica, titular archbishop of Filippi, and by Peter Emmanuel Amigo, bishop of Southwark. Apostolic visitor to British Africa, December 10, 1927. Promoted to titular archbishop of Sardes and appointed apostolic delegate to the British missions in Africa that were not under the jurisdiction of the apostolic delegates in Egypt, Belgian Congo, and South Africa, January 9, 1930. Resigned the delegation, March 25, 1934. Canon of the chapter of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, March 29, 1934. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Westminster, April 1, 1935.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 13, 1937; received the red hat and the title of S. Susanna, December 16, 1937. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII.

Death. March 17, 1943, Butingford, near London. Buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Westminster in London.

Bibliography. Bellenger, Dominc Aidan and Stella Fletcher. Princes of the church. A history of the English cardinals. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire : Sutton Publishing Ltd., 2001, p. 149-150, 153-159, 161, 163, 169 and 178; Heenan, John Carmel. Cardinal Hinsley. London: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne, Ltd., 1944; Schofield, Nicholas ; Skinner, Gerard. The English cardinals. Oxford, UK : Family Publications, 2007, p. 194-198.

Birth. July 5, 1881, Brzęczkowice, diocese of Katowice, Poland. Son of Jan Hlond and Maria Imilów. His baptismal name was August Józef. His first name is also listed as Augustus. In 1893, attracted by the fame of Don Giovanni Bosco, he followed his elder brother to Italy to join the congregation founded by Don Bosco. Another two brothers also entered the congregation.

Education. Joined the Pious Society of St. Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco), Foglizzo, Italy, 1896; received the religious habit from Michele Rua, future blessed; professed, 1897. Salesian houses of studies in Turin, Kraków, Lwow, and Rome; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome (doctorate in philosophy, July 10, 1900). Returned to Poland to complete his regency (practical training) at Oswiecim. Received the subdiaconate on March 18, 1905; and the diaconate on July 9, 1905.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 23, 1905, Kraków, by Anatol Nowak, titular bishop of Irenopoli, auxiliary of Kraków. Further studies, 1905-1907. Rector of the new Salesian house of Pizemysl, 1907-1909; and later of that of Vienna, 1909-1919. In 1919 when the Austro-Hungarian province was divided, he was named provincial, 1919-1922; he founded some ten new houses. Apostolic administrator of Upper Silesia, November 7, 1922. Protonotary apostolic, November 15, 1922.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Katowice, December 14, 1925. Consecrated, January 3, 1926, Katowice, by Cardinal Aleksander Kakowski, archbishop of Warsaw, assisted by Anatol Nowak, titular bishop of Irenopoli, auxiliary of Kraków, and by Stanisław Kostka Łukomski, titular bishop of Sicca Veneria, auxiliary of Gniezno and Poznań. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Gniezno and Poznań, June 24, 1926.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 20, 1927; received the red hat and the title of S. Maria della Pace, December 22, 1927. Papal legate to the National Eucharistic Congress, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, June 9, 1935; to the First National Congress of Christ the King, Poznań, May 16, 1937. Participated in the conclave of 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII. Papal legate to the 6th National Congress of Christ the King, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, July 8, 1939. During the Second World War, the cardinal was forced into exile until the end of the belic conflict; at first, he went to Rome and conducted a strong defence of his fatherland; then, he went to Lourdes and the Nazi police deported him to Paris and tried to convince him to organize a Polish government favourable to them; the cardinal refused; arrested by the Gestapo on February 3, 1944, the Nazis imprisoned him, first at Lorene and later at Westphalia; later, the Allied forces freed him on April 1, 1945; he returned to Poznań on July 20, 1945. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Warsaw and named primate of Poland, June 13, 1946; he retained ad personam the archdiocese of Gniezno. Strongly opposed the Nazi and Communist regimes in Poland.

Death. October 22, 1948, Warsaw. Buried in metropolitan cathedral of Warsaw.

Beatification. On January 9, 1992, the process for his beatification was started and he received the title of Servant of God it was finished on October 21, 1996.

Bibliography. Kant, Bronislaw. Sztygar Bozej kopalni : obrazki z zycia ks. Kardynala Augusta Hlonda. Lódz : Wydawnictwo Salezjanskie, 1983. Wyd. 2-e. Other Titles: Obrazki z zycia ks. Kardynala Augusta Hlonda.; Obrazki z zycia ksiedza Kardynala Augusta Hlonda; Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał. Polscy kardynałowie. Kraków : Wydawnictwo WAM, 2001, pp. 237-250.

Birth. December 24, 1906, Horhausen, diocese of Trier, Germany. He was the eldest son of Paul Höffner, a famer, and Helene Schug.

Education. Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gymnasium in Montabaur, until 1922; Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Trier, from 1922 to 1926; Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 1926 to 1934 (theology and philosophy; obtained a doctorate in philosophy in 1929, thesis: "Der technische Fortschritt und das Heil des Menschen"; obtained a doctorate in theology in 1934, thesis: "Soziale Gerechtigkeit und soziale Liebe: Versuch einer Bestimmung ihres Wesens"; further studies from 1937 to 1939 in theology and Economics in Freiburg second doctorate in theology in 1938, thesis: "Bauer und Kirche im deutschen Mittelalter"; diploma in Economis in 1939; doctorate in Economis in 1940, thesis: Wirtschaftsethik und Monopole im f|nfzehnten und sechzehnten Jahrhundert"; received the "Habilitation" in theology in the Theological Faculty of Friburg im Breisgau in 1945, thesis: "Christentum und Menschenw|rde. Das Anliegen der spanischen Kolonialethik im Goldenen Zeitalter"

Priesthood. Ordained, October 30, 1932, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, vicar general of Rome. Further studies, 1934-1940. Pastoral work: chaplan in Saarbrücken, 1934-1936; parish priest in Kail (Mosel); parish priest in Trier; 1943-1945. Professor of pastoral theology and "Christliche Soziallehre" at the Seminary of Trier, 1945-1950; of the Theological Faculty of Trier, 1950-1951. Professor of "Christliche Sozialwissenschaften" at the University of Münster, 1951-1962. Founder, director, and faculty member of the Institute of Christian Social Sciences, Münich, 1951-1961. Scientific advisor to three ministries of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Münster, July 9, 1962. Consecrated, September 14, 1962, by Matthias Wehr, bishop of Trier, assisted by Heinrich Baaken, titular bishop of Gordo, and by Heinrich Tenhumberg, titular bishop of Tuburnica, auxiliary of Münster. Attended the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965. In 1966, he was granted the grand plaque of honor of the Kolping-Familie and the grand Order of Merit with star; the grand cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1981); the grand cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Italy (1982); and the ring of honor of the Gverres Society (1986). Promoted to titular archbishop of Aquileia and appointed coadjutor of Cologne, with right of succession, January 6, 1969. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Cologne, February 24, 1969.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of April 28, 1969; received the red biretta and the title of S. Andrea della Valle, April 30, 1969. Attended the II Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to November 6, 1971; relator; member of the Board of the General Secretariat of the World Synod of Bishops, November 6, 1971. Received a doctorate honoris causa from Sophia-University, Tokio (1973); from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas, Manila, Philippines (1978); from Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipeh (1979); from Ateneo de Manila University (1983); and from Universidad Panamericana, México (1986). Attended the III Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 27 to October 26, 1974; the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977; member of the general secretariat, 1977-1980. Chairman of the German Conference of Bishops, 1976 to 1987. Participated in the conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in the conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980. Member of the Council of Cardinals for the Study of the Organizational and Economic Problems of the Holy See, May 31, 1981. Special papal envoy to the consecration of the cathedral of Stockholm, Sweden, March 25, 1983. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985. Lost the right to participate in the conclave when turned 80 years of age, December 24, 1986. Resigned the pastoral government of the archdiocese, September 14, 1987; a few months before he had been diagnosed with an unoperable brain-tumor. He was one of the greatest experts of his time on Church social doctrine.

Death. October 16, 1987, Cologne. The funeral mass was celebrated by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, future Pope Benedict XVI. He was buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Cologne. In October 2003, he and his sister Helene Hesseler-Höffner were named "Righteous Among the Nations" by the state of Israel, for having saved Jewish lives during the Second World War. The award is the highest conferred by Israel on non-Jews.The "Deutsche Post" honored him in 2006, on the occasion of his 100th birthday, with a stamp, which included his photo and episcopal motto "Justitia et Caritas".

Bibliography. Gatz, Erwin. "Höffner, Joseph." Die Bischöfe der deutschsprachigen Länder, 1945 2001 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Unter Mitwirkung von Franz Xaver Bischof ... [et al.] ; herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2002, p. 290-295.

Birth. August 10 (1), 1840, Buda (2), archdiocese of Esztergom (Gran), Austria-Hungary, of a noble family. Received the sacrament of confirmation in 1853.

Education. Seminary of Budapest, Budapest; Augustineum Imperial College, Vienna, 1862-1866; Royal University of Budapest, (doctorate in theology, November 25, 1869). Received the insignias of the clerical character and the minor orders on November 20, 1859; subdiaconate, July 23, 1862; diaconate, July 25, 1862.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 14, 1862. Professor of biblical studies, Royal University of Budapest, 1862-1869. Secretary to Cardinal János Simor, archbishop of Esztergom (Gran), in the I Vatican Council, 1869-1870. Rector of the Seminary of Budapest, 1870-1878. Cathedral canon and director of the archiepiscopal chancery of Esztergom, 1878-1888. Privy chamberlain of His Holiness ad honorem. Titular abbot of the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Babolcha. Counselor to the ministries of Worship and Public Instruction, 1882-1888.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Veszprém, Hungary, July 1, 1888. Consecrated, September 8,1888, Esztergom, by Cardinal János Simor, archbishop of Esztergom, assisted by Janos Zalka, bishop of Györ, and by Kornel Hidasy, bishop of Szombathely.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 2, 1912; received the red hat and the title of S. Agnese fuori mura, May 28, 1914. Participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV. Crowned King Károl I and Queen Zita of Hungary, December 30, 1916.

(1) This is according to the two biographies linked above, as well as La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia, 1922, p. 65. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 588, says that he was born on January 15, 1840.
(2) This is according Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 588. The first biography linked above also says that he was born in Buda, but the second one says that he was born in Pest. In 1873, Buda, Óbuda, and Pest were united into the city of Budapest.
(3) This is according to Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, IX, 12; La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia, 1922, p. 65; and the second biography linked above; the first one indicates that he died in Esztergom.

Birth. January 30, 1885, Milasul Mare, archdiocese of Făgăraş e Alba Julia, Rumania. His parents were Ioan and Victoria.

Education. Seminary of Cluj, Cluj; Seminary of Budapest, Budapest; University of Vienna, Vienna; Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum "De Propaganda Fide," Rome (doctorate in philosophy, 1906; doctorate in theology, 1908).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 27, 1910, Rome, by Vasile Hossu, bishop of Gherla, who was his uncle. Further studies, 1910-1911. Protocolist, archivist, librarian, and later, vicar and secretary to the bishop of Gherla, 1911-1914. Military chaplain to the Rumanian soldiers in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I, 1914-1917.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Gherla of the Byzantine-Rumanian rite, April 3, 1917 (old style: March 21, 1917). Consecrated, December 4, 1917 (old style: 21 November), Blaj, by Victor Mihali d'Apsa, archbishop of Făgăraş e Alba Julia, assisted by Demetriu Radu, bishop of Oradea Mare, and by Valeriu Frentiu, bishop of Lugoj. Named bishop of Cluj-Gherla when the see was transferred to Cluj, June 5, 1930. Apostolic administrator of Maramures from July 19, 1930 to January 31, 1931. Senator of the Kingdom of Rumania. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, September 16, 1936. Apostolic administrator of Oradea Mare from August 29, 1941 until 1947. For his firm opposition to the governmental plans to separate the Byzantine-Rumanian Church from Rome, was compelled to leave his diocese, October 28, 1948. Interned at Jilava, Drogoslavele, Sighet, and Gherla, 1948-1964. Confined in the monastery of Caldrusani, Moara Saraca, near Bucharest, 1964-1970. Transferred to the Coletina Hospital, Bucharest, May 1970.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reserved in pectore in the consistory of April 28, 1969. His creation was revealed on March 5, 1973, after his death.

Death. May 28, 1970, at 9 a.m., Coletina Hospital, Bucharest, assisted by Alexandru Todea, titular bishop of Cesaropoli. Buried, Bellu Catholic Cemetery, Bucharest. His last words were "Lupta mea s-a sfârs,it, a voastra continua" (My struggle ends, yours continue). On December 7, 1982, his remains were exhumed fron the provisional tomb in which they had been placed when he died, and transferred to a permanent one in the same cemetery.

Birth. March 2, 1923, Newcastle-on-Tyne, diocese of Hexham and Newcastle, England. Son of Sir William Elrington Hume, a Scottish Protestant and prominent heart surgeon, and his wife Maria Elizabeth Tisserye, a French Catholic.

Education. Saint Lawrence Abbey, Ampleforth; Oxford University, Oxford; University of Fribourg, Fribourg. Joined Order of Saint Benedict; took the name Basil; solemn profession, 1945.

Priesthood. Ordained, July 23, 1950. Further studies, 1950-1953. Faculty member, Superior School, Saint Lawrence Abbey, Ampleforth, 1953-1963. Elected abbot of Saint Lawrence Abbey, Ampleforth, 1963; confirmed, 1970.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Westminster, February 9, 1976. Consecrated, March 25, 1976, cathedral of the Most Precious Blood, Westminster, London, by Bruno Bernard Heim, titular archbishop of Xanto, apostolic delegate in Great Britain, assisted by Basil Christopher Butler, titular bishop of Nova Barbara, and by John Gerard McClean, bishop of Middlesbrough.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 24, 1976; received the red biretta and the title of S. Silvestro in Capite, May 24, 1976. Attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 29, 1977. Participated in conclave of August 25 to 26,1978, which elected Pope John Paul I. Participated in conclave of October 14 to 16,1978, which elected Pope John Paul II. President of the European Episcopal Conference. Attended the First Plenary Assembly of Sacred College of Cardinals, Vatican City, November 5 to 9, 1979; the V Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 26 to October 25, 1980; member of general secretariat, 1980-1983. Attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 29 to October 28, 1983; member of general secretariat, 1983-1986. Attended the II Extraordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, November 24 to December 8, 1985; member of general secretariat until 1987. Attended the Special Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops for Europe, Vatican City, November 28 to December 14, 1991; the IX Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 29, 1994; relator general. Announced that he was in the advanced stages of cancer, April 1999. Decoratd by Queen Elizabeth II with the Order of Merit, May 25, 1999.

Death. June 17, 1999, London. Buried, chapel of St. Gregory and St. Augustine, Westminster Cathedral, London.

Bibliography. Basil Hume : a portrait. Edited by Tony Castle. London : Collins, 1986; Howard, Anthony. Basil Hume : The monk cardinal. London : Headline Book Publishing, 2005; Bellenger, Dominc Aidan and Stella Fletcher. Princes of the church. A history of the English cardinals. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire : Sutton Publishing Ltd., 2001, p. 143, 149, 154, 161, 164-168 and 179; Schofield, Nicholas ; Skinner, Gerard. The English cardinals. Oxford, UK : Family Publications, 2007, p. 216-221.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B., André and Charles N. Bransom. "Franciscan bishops." Franciscan Studies, XLVIII (1988), 315-316.

Priesthood. Ordained, March 30, 1958 for the eparchy of Stamford of the Ukrainians. From 1958 to 1969, faculty member and prefect, St. Basil's College Seminary, Stamford. From 1966-1969, pastor at Kerhonkson, N.Y. Further studies, Rome, 1969 to 1972. Professor of Ecclesiology, Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome, 1972-1984. Entered the Studite monastery, 1972; took the vows, June 24, 1972; superior of the Studite monastery, Grottaferrata, Italy, May 1974.

Episcopate. Consecrated bishop, April 2, 1977, chapel of the Studite monastery, Castelgandolfo, by Cardinal Josyf Slipyj, archbishop major of Lviv of the Ukrainians, assisted by Ivan Prasko, titular bishop of Zigris, and by Isidore Borecky, bishop of Toronto of the Ukrainians; without papal approval. Named archimandrite of the Studiti Monks in Europe and America, July 23, 1978. Named protosincello (vicar general) of the archbishop major of the Ukrainians, Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky, then in Rome. In 1993 returned to Ukraine with the community of his monastery. Organized a new monastery of Studiti monks in the eparchy of Ternopil, Ukraine, 1994. Elected by the Synod of Bishops of the Ukrainian Church exarch of the archiepiscopal exarchy of Kyiv-Vyshorod, Ukraine, 1995. Confirmed by the pope and nominated to titular see of Nisa di Licia, February 22, 1996. Named auxiliary of the archbishop major of Lviv of the Ukrainians by the Synod of Bishops of the Ukrainian Church, October 14, 1996 as coadjutor with special delegations in the pastoral goverment of the archdiocese. Attended II Special Assembly for Europe of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 1 to 23, 1999. Named by the pope apostolic administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of the major archbishopric of Lviv of the Ukrainians, December 23, 2000. Elected archbishop major of Lviv of the Ukrainians, January 25, 2001. Election confirmed by the pope, January 26, 2001.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 21, 2001; received title of S. Sofia a Via Boccea, February 21, 2001. Attended the X Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, September 30 to October 27, 2001. Transferred to the see of Kyiv and Halyć, December 6, 2004. Participated in the conclave of April 18 to 19, 2005, which elected Pope Benedict XVI. Attended the XI General Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, Vatican City, October 2 to 23, 2005.

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