Bronze Chime-Bells of King Yi of the Zeng State

The chime-bell, cast with bronze, is a member of the percussion instrument family in ancient China. It consists of oval bells in different sizes arranged to the order of the pitch, which are hung on a huge bell cot. Different tones can be produced when beating the bells with a wood hammer and a long stick, and beautiful music can be performed when beating to the tune. The chime-bells of King Yi of the Zeng State are a complete set of percussion instrument excavated from the tomb of King Yi of the Zeng State in the Warring States Period (433 B.C.). It reflects the luxurious life of the aristocrats in that period, as well as the proficiency in bronze casting in ancient China.

In 1978, Chinese archeologists found in the tomb of King Yi of the Zeng State a huge underground music palace, located at Leigu Mound of Sui County, Hubei Province. There unearthed a large amount of valuable musical instruments in the Warring States Period, including chime bells, chime stones, Jian drum, Chi (bamboo wind instrument), Pai Xiao (the circular bamboo Pipe), Sheng (the reed Pipe), hand drum and Se (the horizontal lute). Among the excavations, there are 64 articles of bronze chime bells preserved in good condition, which can be divided into eight groups according to size and tone order and hung on the three-tiered bronze-wooden bell cot. This is the famous chime-bells of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State, the largest and most intact set of chime bells that exists today in China. The largest bell is of a person's height, weighing over 200 kg. Inscriptions in Zhuan script inlaid with gold are engraved on the body of each bell. Its total volume range covers five octaves, slightly less than modern pianos. The set of bells is beautiful and mellow in tone color, featuring a whole set of high, medium and low voice parts, while inflexion is allowed for some modes of ancient Chinese music. It can virtually play all of the 12 semitones, as well as melodies from pentatonic to diationic scale.

The excavation of the chime-bells astounded the world's archeological society, since it's extremely rare in the world cultural history to find such exquisite musical instruments and magnificent band existed over 2000 years ago. It is the embodiment of our great achievement in bronze casting, our proficiency in music science and the wisdom of our people in ancient China. It's a real pride of our nation.

The chime-bells of King Yi of the Zeng State is now preserved in Hubei Provincial Museum.