Online Etymology Dictionary

sausage: mid-15c., sawsyge, from O.N.Fr. saussiche (fr. saucisse), from V.L. *salsica "sausage," from salsicus "seasoned with salt," from L. salsus "salted" (see sauce).
botulism (n.): 1878, from Ger. Botulismus (1878), coined in German from L. botulus "sausage" (see bowel) + -ismus suffix of action or state. Sickness first traced to eating tainted sausage.
frankfurter: "hot dog," 1894, American English, from Ger. Frankfurter "of Frankfurt," because a smoked-beef-and-pork sausage somewhat like a U.S. hot dog was originally made in Germany, where it was associated with the city of Frankfurt am Main (lit. "ford of the Franks on the River Main"). Attested from 1877 as Frankfort sausage.
andouille: type of sausage, c.1600, from Fr. andouille (12c.), from L. inductilia, neuter plural of inductilis, from inducere "to load or put in" (see induct). The original notion was perhaps of the filling "introduced" into the sausage.
pudding (n.): c.1300, "a kind of sausage: the stomach or one of the entrails of a pig, sheep, etc., stuffed with minced meat, suet, seasoning, boiled and kept till needed," perhaps from a West Germanic stem *pud- "to swell" (cf. O.E. puduc "a wen," Westphalian dialect puddek "lump, pudding," Low Ger. pudde-wurst "black pudding," English dialectal pod "belly," also cf. pudgy).

Other possibility is that it is from O.Fr. boudin "sausage," from V.L. *botellinus, from L. botellus "sausage" (change of Fr. b- to English p- presents difficulties, but cf. purse). The modern sense had emerged by 1670, from extension to other foods boiled or steamed in a bag or sack. German pudding, Fr. pouding, Swed. pudding, Ir. putog are from English.
salami: "salted, flavored Italian sausage," 1852, from It. salami, pl. of salame "spiced pork sausage," from V.L. *salamen, from *salare "to salt," from L. sal (gen. salis) "salt" (see salt).
pepperoni: "beef and pork sausage seasoned with pepper," 1919, Amer.Eng., from Italian.
baloney: 1894, variant of bologna sausage (q.v.). As slang for "nonsense," 1922, Amer.Eng. (popularized 1930s by N.Y. Gov. Alfred E. Smith; in this sense sometimes said to have been one of the coinages of legendary "Variety" staffer Jack Conway), from earlier sense of "idiot" (by 1915), perhaps influenced by blarney, but usually regarded as being from the sausage, as a type traditionally made from odds and ends. It also was ring slang early 20c. for an inferior fighter.
The aristocratic Kid's first brawl for sugar was had in Sandusky, Odryo, with a boloney entitled Young Du Fresne. He gave the green and nervous Kid a proper pastin' for six rounds and the disgusted Dummy sold me his find for a hundred bucks, leavin' the clubhouse just in time to miss seein' the boy get stung, get mad, and win by a knockout. [H.C. Witwer, "The Leather Pushers," "Colliers," Oct. 16, 1920]
banger: British English slang for "a sausage," 1919, perhaps from sense of "a bludgeon," though this is recorded only in U.S. slang.
chorizo: "spiced pork sausage," 1846, from Sp. chorizo.
wurst: German sausage, 1855, from Ger. Wurst, from O.H.G.
bowel (n.): c.1300, from O.Fr. boele "intestines, bowels, innards" (12c., Mod.Fr. boyau), from M.L. botellus "small intestine," originally "sausage," dim. of botulus "sausage," a word borrowed from Oscan-Umbrian, from PIE *gwet-/*geut- "intestine" (cf. L. guttur "throat," O.E. cwið, Goth. qiþus "belly, womb," Ger. kutteln "guts, chitterlings"). Greek splankhnon (from the same PIE root as spleen) was a word for the principal internal organs, which also were felt in ancient times to be the seat of various emotions. Greek poets, from Aeschylus down, regarded the bowels as the seat of the more violent passions such as anger and love, but by the Hebrews they were seen as the seat of tender affections, especially kindness, benevolence, and compassion. Splankhnon was used in Septuagint to translate a Hebrew word, and from thence early Bibles in English rendered it in its literal sense as bowels, which thus acquired in English a secondary meaning of "pity, compassion" (late 14c.). But in later editions the word often was translated as heart. Bowel movement is attested by 1874.
hot dog: also hotdog, "sausage on a split roll," c.1890, popularized by cartoonist T.A. Dorgan. It is said to echo a 19c. suspicion (occasionally justified) that sausages contained dog meat. Meaning "someone particularly skilled or excellent" (with overtones of showing off) is from 1896. Connection between the two senses, if any, is unclear. Hot dog! as an exclamation of approval was in use by 1906.
pud (n.): slang for "penis," 1939 (in James Joyce), according to OED and DAS from pudding in the same slang sense (1719); from the original "sausage" sense of pudding (q.v.).
kielbasa (n.): 1951, from Pol. kiełbasa "sausage" (Rus. kolbasa, Serbo-Croatian kobasica); perhaps from Turk. kulbasti, "grilled cutlet," lit. "pressed on the ashes." Or perhaps, via Jewish butchers, from Heb. kolbasar "all kinds of meat."
liverwurst (n.): 1869, American English, partial translation of Ger. Leberwurst, from Leber "liver" (see liver (n.1)) + Wurst "sausage."
bologna (n.): 1850, variant of bologna sausage (1590s), named for the city in Italy, from L. Bononia, which either represents Gaul. bona "foundation, fortress," or Boii, the name of the Gaulish people who occupied the region 4c. B.C.E. Also see baloney.
weenie: "frankfurter," 1906, with slang sense of "penis" following soon after, from Ger. wienerwurst "Vienna sausage" (see wiener). Meaning "ineffectual person" is 1963; pejorative sense via penis shape, or perhaps from weenie in the sense of "small" (see wee).
wiener (n.): 1904, shortening of wienerwurst (1889), from Ger. Wiener "of Vienna" (from Wien "Vienna," from L. Vindo-bona, from Gaulish vindo-, from Celt. vindo- "white;" cf. O.Ir. find, Welsh gwyn "white;" see Gwendolyn) + Wurst "sausage." Clipped form wienie is attested from 1911. Extensive pejorative senses developed from its penis-like shape.
meat (n.): O.E. mete "food, item of food" (paired with drink), from P.Gmc. *mati (cf. O.Fris. mete, O.S. meti, O.N. matr, O.H.G. maz, Goth. mats "food," M.Du., Du. metworst, Ger. Mettwurst "type of sausage"), from PIE *mad-i-, from root *mad- "moist, wet," also with reference to food qualities, (cf. Skt. medas- "fat" (n.), O.Ir. mat "pig;" see mast (n.2)).

Narrower sense of "flesh used as food" is first attested c.1300; similar sense evolution in Fr. viande "meat," originally "food." Figurative sense of "essential part" is from 1901. Dark meat, white meat popularized 19c., supposedly as euphemisms for leg and breast, but earliest sources use both terms without apparent embarrassment.
The choicest parts of a turkey are the side bones, the breast, and the thigh bones. The breast and wings are called light meat; the thigh-bones and side-bones dark meat. When a person declines expressing a preference, it is polite to help to both kinds. [Lydia Maria Child, "The American Frugal Housewife," Boston, 1835]
First record of meat loaf is from 1876. Meat market "place where one looks for sex partners" is from 1896 (meat in various sexual senses of "penis, vagina, body regarded as a sex object, prostitute" are attested from 1590s); meat wagon "ambulance" is from 1920, American English slang, said to date from World War I (in a literal sense by 1857). Meat-grinder in the figurative sense attested by 1951. Meat-hook in colloquial transferred sense "arm" attested by 1919.

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