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Shortened words are common in Japanese. Long words are contracted into
shorter forms. For example, the University of Tokyo, in Japanese
Tōkyō Daigaku (東京大学) becomes
Tōdai (東大)
and "remote control", rimōto kontorōrā, becomes
rimokon. Names are also contracted in this way. For example
Takuya Kimura, in Japanese Kimura Takuya, an entertainer, is
often referred to as Kimutaku, from the first two kana of his
first and last name.
The names of some very familiar companies are also also
contractions. For example, Toshiba, Toushiba (東芝) is a
contraction of "Tokyo Shibaura", Toukyou Shibaura (東京芝浦).
There are several different ways that words are contracted depending
on the kind of word.
In kanji words, words derived from Chinese, the most common way is by
taking the first kanji of each of the words and putting them
together. For example, Toukyou Daigaku (東京大学), "Tokyo
University", becomes Toudai (東大).
Kanji kentei (漢字検定), the test of kanji skill (see
10.2. Kanji Kentei) becomes Kanken (漢検).
In loanwords and names, the most common pattern is to take the first
two kana, and form a new word from the four kana put together. For
example "family restaurant", famirī resutoran, a low-priced
restaurant, becomes famiresu.
Japanese long vowels and sokuon may disappear; Harry Potter,
originally Harī Pottā (ハリー・ポッター), is contracted to
Haripota (ハリポタ). Names may be altered in other ways:
actress Kyoko Fukada, Fukada Kyōko (深田恭子), becomes
Fukakyon (フカキョン).
Brad Pitt, Buraddo Pitto (ブラッド・ピット),
becomes Burapi (ブラピ).
Another common pattern is to remove the end of a long word
to make a new word. anime (アニメ) is a truncated version of
animēshon (アニメーション), "animation", and
depāto (デパート)
is a truncation of
depātomento sutoa (デパートメント・ストア), "department store".
These are also a kind of made-in-Japan English (see
5.4. What are these pseudo English words like salaryman?).
Many four character abbreviations have been created for particular
products or TV shows. For example, Pokemon (ポケモン), the
well-known card game and animated series, is a contraction of
Poketto Monsutā (ポケット・モンスター), "Pocket Monsters".
