Extreme temperatures around the world
WEATHER LINKS
National Weather Service (NOAA)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
National and Continental Extreme Temperatures includes the national extreme temperatures with dates and sources. By Maximiliano Herrera
Monthly Temperatures Records includes the world and continental extreme temperatures month by month. By Maximiliano Herrera
Countries without frost includes a list of the countries where frost has never been recorded. By Maximiliano Herrera
Snowfalls by country includes a detailed list by country of the most rare snowfalls and the countries where snow has never been recorded. By Maximiliano Herrera
RECORDS REGISTERED BETWEEN 2002 AND 2013 -CLICK HERE Latest Records registered during 2014:
Note: Celsius degrees are used. Click here to open the Celsius-Fahrenheit degrees Converter MIN MAX AFGHANISTAN Kabul -25.5 40 Kandahar -12.1 46.5 Jalalabad -7.8 48.8* * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Mazar al Sharif -24 48.1 Ghazni -33.5 37 Zaranj -13.2 49.6* * a dubious 51.0C was likely taken with not proper instruments Farah -11.9 49.8 Shahrak -52.2 ALBANIA Tirana -10.4 42.2 Durres -6 39.5 Shkoder -13 41.5 Elbasan -7.5 42.2 Cerrik -9.4 43.2 Kucova 43.9 Kallmet 45.3* * unofficial, questioned Kukes -22 42.5 Sheqeras -26.8 Moscopole -27.5* * unofficial, dubious ALGERIA Algiers Airport -4 47.5 Oran -3 45.8 In Salah -3.3 50.6 Adrar -4.5 49.8 Ouargla -6.7 50.4 Biskra -2.4 49.4 Batna -20 43.8 Constantine -8.8 45.5 Tamanrasset -7 41.6 ANDORRA Andorra La Vella -16 38.5* * dubious Hidroelectrica -16 36 Engolaster Lake -21 33 Ransol -23 36 Grau Roig -27.3 Port d'Envalira -34* * unofficial, dubious ANGOLA Luanda 12 36.7 Bie (Silva Porto) -5* 31.7* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions Mavinga -3.9 Namibe 3 40.3 Cabinda 12 34.4 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Saint John's 15.6 33.8 Bird Airport 16 34.9 Codrington (Barbuda)17.2 35* * suspicious ARGENTINA Buenos Aires Obser.-5.4* 43.3 * -6.4C was also recorded in June 1830 Ezeiza Airport -7.8 44.3 Cordoba -10.3 45 * a 45.6C in 1917 was likely taken with not proper instruments Bahia Blanca -11.8 43.8 Mar del Plata -9.3 41.6 Mendoza -9.2 44.4 Rosario -11.1 42.4* * an old record of 43.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments Santiago del Estero -10 46.5* * a temperature of 47.0C was also recorded in the observatory Catamarca -9 47* * a temperature of 47.1C was also recorded in the observatory Tucuman -7.2 45 Salta -9.9 39.9 Campo Gallo -8.1 47.3 Rivadavia -7.2 47* * a very dubious 48.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments Villa de Maria -10.5 44.6* * a very dubious 49.1C was likely taken with not proper instruments Neuquen -12.8 42.3 Comodoro Rivadavia -8.5 40.2 Bariloche -21.1 36.5 Ushuaia -21.1 29.4* * unofficial 31C also recorded in other parts of the town Perito Moreno -25.7 35 Sarmiento -34* 38.3 * dubious, likely taken recorded under not proper conditions Maquinchao -25.6* 38 * a dubious -35.3C was reported in July 1991 Pato Superior Valley-39 27 Veladero -44* * unofficial El Cain -43* * very dubious,likely a typo error Nacimiento -42.4* * unofficial Matambre -42* * unofficial Cona Niyeu -36.2* * questioned ARMENIA Yerevan -31 42 Kumairi -35 36.2 Stepanavan -34 35 Megri -22 43.7 Shurabad (Paghakn)-42.2* 31 * an unofficial temperature of -46C was also recorded Ashotsk -41.9 AUSTRALIA Canberra -10 42.2 Sydney Airport -0.1 46.4 Sydney Observatory 2.1 45.8 Brisbane Airport -0.1 40.2 Brisbane City 2.3 43.2 Adelaide City -0.4 46.1 Adelaide Airport -2.6 44.1 Perth Airport -1.3 46.7 Perth City -0.7 46.2 Darwin 10.4 38.9 Albany City 0.1 44.8 Esperance City -0.6 46.9 Carnarvon 2.4 47.8 Broome 3.3 44.8 Alice Springs -7.5 45.2 Cairns 6.2 40.5* * 43.2C was also recorded at the Post Office Station Melbourne City -2.8 46.4* * 46.8C also recorded in the Airport Station Hobart City -2.8* 41.8 * -3.9C also recorded in the Airport Station in June 1972 Birdsville -1.7 49.5 Mardie 2.9 50.5 Oodnadatta -2.6 50.7 Charlotte Pass -23 29.7 Lord Howe Island 5.9 31.3 Norfolk Island AP 6.2 28.4 Kingston (Norfolk) 4.4* 32.2* * unofficial,unreliable, taken with not proper instruments Willis Island 16.4 35.2 Cocos Islands AP 18.3 32.8 Christmas Isl. AP 16.2 31.8 Rocky Point (Christmas Isl.) 33.2 Flying Fish Cove (Christmas I.)35* * unofficial,dubious Heard Island -10.6 26.1 Macquarie Island -9.4 14.4 AUSTRIA Vienna -26.3* 39.5 * unofficial -27C also recorded Klagenfurt -27.8 38.1 Linz -27.2 38 Salzburg -31.1 38.6 Graz -28.8 38.8 Innsbruck -30* 37.7 * -31.3C was also recorded in December 1788 Dellach im Drautal-24.8 39.9 Bad Deutsch-Altenburg 40.5 Swettl -36.6 34.6 Halltal -40* * unofficial, questioned Sonnblick -37.4 15.3 Grunloch -52.6* * unofficial, recorded in February 1932 in a frost hollow AZERBAIJAN Baku -14.7 40 Ganja -17.8* 42* * extremes of -18.8C and 43.3C were recorded in another station Zakataly -22.8 40 Goytapa 47.4 Great Caucasus Stat.-45* * unofficial Ordubad (Nakhichivan)-33 46 Julfa (Nakhichivan) -33 46 Xankhandi (Nagorno K.) -19 40 BAHAMAS Nassau 5.2* 36.5 * a dubious 5.0C was also recorded in January 1945 Freeport Airport 3 36 Marsh Harbour 8.9 35 BAHRAIN Manama Intl Air. 2.8 47.5 Awali -5* * very dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments BANGLADESH Dhaka 5.6 42.2 Chittagong City 7.2 39.4* * 40.6C also recorded in another city station Jessore 2.2 43.2 Rajshahi 45.1 Srimangal 1.7 41.2 BARBADOS Bridgetown 15.8 33.9 Grantley Adams AP 15.6 33.1 Husbands 34 St Ann's 35* * questioned, likely taken under not proper conditions Gibbons Boggs 15 BELARUS Minsk -39.1 35.6 Gomel -35 38.9 Vasilevichi -35.7 38 Slavnoye -42.2 BELGIUM Brussels -21.1 37.4 Uccle -18.7 38.8 Ostend -16.8 36 Antwerp -18.5 36.2 Gent -20.6 37.6 Liege -21* 38.4 * -24.4C also recorded in December 1783 Haacht -25.5 38.7 Rochefort -30.1 37.7* * 38.8C in 1925 was recorded under not proper exposure conditions BELIZE Belmopan 7 41 Belize City 7.8 37.8 Central Farm 8 42 Douglas Da Silva St. 6 Sibun Hill 4 42.8* * very dubious BENIN Porto Novo 16 37.5 Cotonou 17 36.7 Kandi 8.5 44.5 BHUTAN Thimphu -10 31 Punakha 37.5 Phuentsholing 40 Paro Int.Airport -12.9 Bathpalathang -12 27 BOLIVIA Sucre -6 34.7 La Paz Downtown -6 27.2 La Paz El Alto -15.2 23 Charana -23.8 26.4 Oruro -22.4 26.6 Potosi City -11.5* 28 * -14.1C was also recorded in the airport station Cochabamba -7 35.6* * a dubious record of 39C also recorded in the Sarco Station Tarija -10 39.3 Camiri -5.2 44 Cobija 7 39.5 Santa Cruz Airport 1.8 41.6 Uyuni -25.7 31.5 Villamontes -7 46.7* * unofficial temperature of 47.2C also recorded in January 1953 Bermejo -4 46.6 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Sarajevo -26.4 40 Sarajevo Airport -30.2 39.9 Mostar -16.4 43.1 Bihac -29.2 42 Livno -29.6 38.2 Brcko -21.2 42 Cerik (Brcko) -22.7 Bjelasnica -33.6 25.3 Veliko Polje -43.5 Banja Luka (Sprska R.) -28.4 41.6 Bijeljina (Sprska R.) -28.6 43 Sokolac (Sprska R.) -33.8 36 BOTSWANA Gabarone -6.5 41.7 Francistown -6.5 42.1 Ghanzi -8.5 42.2 Tshane -8 41 Tsabong -10.6 42.6 BRAZIL Brasilia 1.6* 35.8* * extreme temperatures of 1.3C and 36.0C were recorded at the Airport station Sao Paulo -2.1* 37* * unofficial temperatures of -4C and 38.5C were recorded in other parts of the city Rio de Janeiro Center10.2* 39.1* * extreme temperatures of 4.8C and 43.2C were recorded in other parts of the city Salvador de Bahia 16.8* 35.5 * a lowest temperature of 14.6C was recorded in the Airport Recife 16.8 35.4 Fortaleza 17.6* 35.8 * 16.8C was also recorded in the Porangaba Station Belem 18.4 36.6 Teresina 13.8* 42.4 * a record of 11.6C in 1922 is likely incorrect Manaus 17.2 38.9 Boa Vista 18.2 39.4 Belo Horizonte 2.2 37.1* * 37.2C was also recorded in the Airport station Porto Alegre -4 40.7* * unofficial 41.3C was recorded in February 2010 Curitiba -6.3* 35.2* * unofficial temperatures of -8.9C and 37.4C were recorded in the old Observatory Campinas -1.5 38.9 Foz do Iguacu -4.2 40 Florianopolis 1.3* 38.8 * a lowest of -1.0C was also recorded at the Airport station Campo Grande -3.4 40.1 Orleans -5.8 44.6 Bom Jesus do Piaui 11.9 44.8* * very questioned, likely taken with not proper instruments Sao Joaquim -10 31.4 Xanxere -11.6 Cacador -14* 38 * unofficial Morro da Igreja -17.8* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments BRUNEI Bandar Seri Begawan 18.4 38.3 BULGARIA Sofia -31.2 39.8* * 41.4C was also recorded at the Airport Station Plovdiv -31.5 45 Varna -24.3 41.4 Burgas -21.6 42.8 Sadovo -30.7 45.2 Montana 45.9* * unofficial,dubious Mussala Peak -31.6 20 Trun -38.3 37.3 BURKINA FASO Ouagadougou 8.5 43.9 Dori 5.7 47.2 Markoye 5 46 Banankaledaga 2.9* 41.9 * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments BURUNDI Bujumbura 11.1 36.1 Kisozi -0.9 CAMBODIA Phnom Penh 12.8 40.5 Siam Reap 9.5 41 Battabang 10.4 41 Kampot 14.7 37.2 Stoeng Treng 9 41.4 Ban Lung 41.4 Sisophon 8.6 40.2 Val d'Emeraude 8 Sen Monorom 5.7* 40.2* * unofficial, dubious CAMEROON Yaounde 11 35.7 Douala 18 37.7 Garoua 8.3 45.5 Maroua 6 45.9 Kousseri 9.7 47.7 Ngaoundere 3.2 39.5 Benoue River -0.7 Fako Peak -2.7* * unofficial CANADA Ottawa -38.9 37.8* * 38.9C also recorded in the old Observatory Toronto City -32.8 40.6 Montreal -37.8* 37.6 * -42C was also recorded in 1859 Quebec City -36.7 36.1 Halifax -29.4 37.2 Saint John's -25* 31.5* * dubious extremes of -29.4C and 33.9C were recorded in the old Observatory Calgary -45 36.1 Edmonton -49.4 37.2 Vancouver -18.3 34.4* * 36.0C also recorded in the West Vancouver station Victoria -15.6 37.6 Regina -50 43.9 Winnipeg -47.8 42.3 Churchill -49.4 36.9 Dawson -58.3 35 Yelloknwife -53.9 32.5 Sachs Harbour -52.2 24.2 Eureka -55.3 20.9 Alert -50 20 Cape Dorset -42.8 25 Midale -48.3 45 Yellow Grass -45.6 45 Snag -62.8 Fort Nelson -71* * unofficial,dubious CAPE VERDE Praia 13.3 37.3 Sal 10 35.2 Mindelo 10 36.1 Monte Velha 5 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Bangui 9.8 40.4 Bangassou 9.7 40.4 Birao 3.1 45 CHAD N'Djamena 6.5 46.5* * 47.0C was recorded in the city station in March 1936 Faya 4.5* 47.6* * readings of 2.6C and 49.7C recorded in 1951 and 1952 were taken with not proper instruments Sarh 9.8 45 Bardai -4.5 43 Wour -5 Trou au Natron -7 27 CHILE Santiago -6.8 37.5 Valparaiso -3.8 37.8 Arica 5.2* 33.6 * a dubious 1.0C was also recorded in another station in 1952 Puerto Montt -7.1 34.7 Temuco -8.1 38.6 Los Angeles -5.7 41.6 Punta Arenas -16.4 30 Balmaceda -28.3 33.4 Ollague -37 Coyhaique Alto -37 Puesto Viejo -40* * unofficial Evangelista Island -8 23 Robinson Crusoe Isl. 3 28 Easter Island 7.2 31 CHINA Beijing -27.4 42.6* * dubious old temperature of 44.4C was recorded in July 1743 Shanghai -12.1* 40.8 * unofficial -13.3C recorded in January 1893 Nanjing -16.9 40.7 Fuzhou -1.7 41.7 Guangzhou (Canton) 0* 39.1 * unofficial record of -5.0C was set in January 1893 Shenzhen 0.2 38.7 Nanning -2.1 40.4 Chongqing -3 44 Chengdu -5.9 37.3 Kunming -7.8 32.8 Wuhan -18.1 39.6* * 42.0C was also recorded in another station of the city Xian -20.6 42.9 Tianjin -22.9 40.5 Haikou 2.8 39.6 Shenyang -33.1 39.3 Harbin -41.4 39.2 Urumqi -41.5 42.1* * 44C was also recorded at the Airport Station Lhasa -16.5* 30.4 * questioned old readings as low as -20C have not been officialized by China Turpan -28.9 48.1* * a 49.6C in July 1975 has been considered faulty Tuyoq 49.4* * a temperature of 50.0C was also recorded in the nearby canyon in 2010 Aydingol Lake 50.2 Aydingkol Mirabilite Factory 50.7* * unofficial Mohe -52.3 39.3 Koktokay -57.8* * unofficial,dubious Hong Kong Observatory 0 36.1 Hong Kong Airport 3 37.4 Ta Kwu Ling (Hong Kong) 37.7 Ping Chau (Hong Kong) 37.7 Waglan Island (H.Kong) 38.1* * dubious Tai Mon Shan Peak(H.Kong)-5.3 28.8 Taipa Obs. (Macau) 37.4 Fortaleza do Monte (Macau)-1.8 38.9 Macao AWS (Macau) 39 COLOMBIA Bogota -6.4 26.8 Medellin 10 34.4 Cali 13.4 37.4 Barranquilla 18 39.2 Bucaramanga 13.4 34.2 Chiriguana 16.8 42.6 El Salado 14.2 42.6* * dubious Carmen de Bolivar 15 42.6* * dubious Anchique 13.6 42.8* * dubious Puerto Salgar 15.2 43* * dubious Berlin -11 20.8 San Andres Island 17 35.2 COMOROS Moroni Airport 13.9 35.6 Ouani (Anjouan) 13.7 35 CONGO BRAZZAVILLE Brazzaville 10.3 37.6 Pointe Noire 12.4 34.8 Impfondo 12 39 Mpouya 13 39.2 Sibiti 8.9 34.8 CONGO KINSHASA Kinshasa 11.2 37 Lubumbashi 0.6 37.2 Kisangani 14.8 38.6 Kananga 13 35.3 Sakania -1.5 Katanaga Highlands -4* * unofficial Yahila 41 COSTA RICA San Jose City 10.4* 33.2* * more extreme temperatures before 1970 were affected by overexposure Alajuela 11 35.2 Liberia 12.8 40.1 Puntarenas 16 40 Cascajal de Orotina 40.4 Puerto Limon 13.2 35* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Villa Mills -3 27.5 Irazu Volcano -5 22.5 Mount Chirripo -9 24 COTE D'IVOIRE Yamoussoukro 8.2 40.3 Abidjan 14.7 36.2 Odienne 7.8 41.5 Man 6 39.4 CROATIA Zagreb -28.9* 40.5 * an unofficial temperature of -30.5C also recorded in February 1929 Dubrovnik -7 39.4 Split -9 39 Rijeka -14.6 40 Osijek -27.1 40.6 Ploce 42.8 Varazdin -29 39.4 Palagruza -4.3 35.7 Gracac -34.6 Cakovec -35.5* * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Gospic -33.5* 38.7 * an unofficial and questioned -36C was also recorded in February 1929 CUBA Havana City 6 36.5 Havana Jose Marti 3.7* 36.1* * extremes of 1.6C and 38.1C were recorded in the old Rancho Boyero station Bainoa 0.6 36.3 Sancti Spiritus 4.8 38.5 Pinar del Rio 5.1 36.7 Camaguey 3 37.5 Santiago 8.3 37.8 Guantanamo 10.5 38.6 Jucarito 7 38.8 Manzanillo 8.8 38.5 Isla de la Juventud 6.1 35.1 CYPRUS Nicosia -5.6 45.6 Larnaca -3.9 43.9 Akotriri -2.2 40.2 Paphos -3.9 42.2 Prodromos -10.2 36 Ercan-Tynvou (N.Cyprus)-4 45 Lefkonico (North Cyprus) 46.6 CZECH REPUBLIC Prague Clementinum -27.6 37.8 Prague Uhrineves -29 40.2 Brno -27.2 38.5 Ostrava -27.3 38 Milesovca -28.3 36.5 Dobrichovice 40.4 Litvinovice -42.2 DENMARK Copenhagen -25* 33.8 * -26.3C was also recorded in January 1789 Aalborg -27.2 34 Odense -21.3 34 Ronne -20.5 32.6 Holstebro 36.4 Slagelse 35.8 Horsted/Thy -31.2 Nuuk(Greenland) -32.5 24.9 Upernavik(Greenland)-41 21 Kangerlussuaq (Green.)-47.2 25.5 Maniitsoq (Greenland) -25.8 25.9 Tasilaq (Greenland)-30.3 25.3 Nord (Greenland) -51.9 17 Summit (Greenland) -67.2 3.6 Klinck (Greenland) -69.6 Torshavn (Faroe) -12.5* 22.5 * also reported as -13.5C Vaga Floghavn (Faroe)-12.3 26.3 DJIBOUTI Djibouti City 15 47.1 Djibouti Serpent 47.3* * a suspicious 49.5C was likely taken under not proper conditions Tadjourah 49.5* * questioned ,likely taken under not proper conditions Ali Sabieh 12.5 DOMINICA Roseau 15 35 Melville Airport 16.1 34.3 Canefield Airport 18 35.4 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo 13* 37 * 11.4C was also recorded at the Airport Station Puerto Plata 9.4 40 Santiago 10.1 39 Duverge 10.2 42.8* * unreliable, likely taken with not proper instruments Mao 12.2 43.2* * unreliable, likely taken with not proper instruments Moca 10 41* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Yasica 11 42* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Jimani 12 40.8 Constanza 0 32.5 Duarte Peak -8* * unofficial Las Piramides -9* * unofficial ECUADOR Quito Observatory 0 29.9 Guayaquil 14 37.3 Cuenca -2.9 28 Zamora 6 35 Tiputini 14 38 Nuevo Rocafuerte 14 38.5 Putumayo 38.6 Zapotillo 38.6 Riobamba -3.6 28.3 Izobamba -4.3 24.7 Latacunga -4.5 28.1 Chalpatan -5.5 Olmedo -10.5* * dubious El Refugio Cotopaxi-14.2 San Cristobal (Galapagos)12.7 35 Puerto Ayora (Galapagos) 35.2 Genovesa Island (Galapagos) 38* * dubious Bellavista (Galapagos) 11* * dubious EGYPT Cairo -1.1 48.4 Giza -4 48 Alexandria 2.2 45.1 Kharga -2.1 50.3 Aswan -2.4 49.3* * old town record of 51.0C was recorded under not proper exposure conditions Luxor -2 50 Port Said 0 45 Sharm El Sheik 5 46 Nekhel -8.8 43.8 Jabal Zubayr -15 EL SALVADOR San Salvador City 8.2 38.5 San Salvador Airport8.3 37.5 Acajutla 15.1 40.2 La Union 13 42 San Miguel 10.2 44.8 Los Naranjos -4 32 El Pital Peak -6.1 EQUATORIAL GUINEA Malabo 16 35.3 Bata 15 35 Moka 8 ERITREA Asmara -4 31.1 Massawa 10 48 ESTONIA Tallin -34.4 34.3 Tartu -38.6 35.2 Voru -43.4 35.6 Jogeva -43.5 ETHIOPIA Addis Abeba City -0.5* 32* * extreme temperatures of -3.5C and 34.0C were recorded in other parts of the city Jimma -8* 38 * very dubious Debre Birhan -8 Sanetti Plateau -15 26 Dallol 48.9 Elidar 48 Assaita 49.6* * very dubious FIJI Suva 12.8 34.5* * an old suspicious record of 36.7C was recorded in another Station Nadi 11.3 36.7 Nacocolevu 39.4* * suspicious Lambasa 38* * very dubious Vatukoula 37.4 Nadrau 6.5 Navai Valley 5.6 Rotuma Island 17 34.1 FINLAND Helsinki Kaisaniemi-34.3 33.1 Helsinki Vantaa AP -35.9 33.7 Turku -35.5 35.9* * very dubious Joensuu -39.5 37.2 Tampere -37 33.1 Jyvaskyla -38.5 35 Inari -48.7 32.4 Rovaniemi -47.5 32.1 Kittila-Pokka -51.5 30 Oulu -41.5 33.3 Lappeenranta -38.3 34.6 Lahti -40 35 Kuopio -39* 35.5 * -41.1C was also recorded in the Airport Station Sodankyla -49.5* 31.7 * -51.3C was also recorded in February 1862 Marienhamn (Aland)-32.9 31.3 FRANCE Paris Downtown -23.9 40.4 Paris St.Maur -25.6 42.3 Paris Orly -16.8 40 Nice -7.2 37.7 Marseille -16.8* 40.6 * -17.5C was also recorded in January 1819 Strasbourg -23.6* 39.5 * -26.3C was also recorded in December 1788 Lille -19.5 36.6 Bordeaux -16.4 40.7* * 41.9C was also recorded in August 1892 Perpignan -11 40.5 Lyon -24.6 40.5 Auxerre -20.2 41.1 Caen -19.6 38.9 Grenoble -27.1 39.5 Limoges -25.8 37.2* * 37.5C was also recorded in 1800 Nantes -15.6 40.3 Toulon -9 40.1 Toulouse Airport -19.2 40.7 Le Luc -17 42.7 Tolouse Francazal 44* * very dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Vallon-Pont-d'Arc 44* * unofficial,questioned Conqueyrac 44.1* * questioned Saint Christol les Ales 44.1* * unofficial Ledignan 44.3* * unofficial,questioned Chamonix -31 37.2 Mouthe -41 34.1* * unofficial and questioned 36C was also recorded in July 1952 Mont Blanc -43 3 Ajaccio -8.1 40.3* * a record of 41.2C was also recorded in the Parata station Bastia -5 38.3 St Pierre (St Pierre Miq.)-22.5 28.3 Cayenne (French Guyana) 17.2 36 Regina (French Guyana) 17 39 Saul (French Guyana) 14.8 Fort de France(Martinique)13.4 35 Lamentin (Martinique) 14.1 35.4 Saint Pierre (Martinique) 16.4 36.5* * dubious Francois Chopotte (Martinique) 36.2 Le Morne Rouge (Martinique)12.6 32 Fonds-St-Denis (Martinique) 12* 33.2 * very dubious Raizet (Guadeloupe) 13 34.2 Basse Terre (Guadeloupe) 15 35 St-Claude (Guadeloupe) 9.8 33 Soufriere Volcano (Guadel.)7* * unofficial Les Saintes (Guadeloupe) 18.4 36.4 Gustavia (Saint Barthelemy) 15.6 35.2 Orleans (Saint Martin) 17 36.4 Papeete (French Polynesia)14.9 34.6 Bora Bora (French Polyn.) 17.7 35.2 Atuona (French Polynesia) 18.1 36.1 Rapa (French Polynesia) 8.5 31.6 Noumea (New Caledonia) 12.2 36.8 Boulouparis (New Caledonia) 39.9 Bourail (New Caledonia) 2.3 Hihifo (Wallis) 18 33.5 Mala'etoli (Wallis) 17.6* 35.2* * suspicious Maopoopo (Futuna) 19 34.9 Saint Denis (Reunion I.) 12.8 34 Le Port (Reunion I.) 36.9 Gite de Bellecombe (Reunion)-5 Dzaoudzi (Mayotte) 15.6 35 Tromelin Island 17.2 34.6 Glorioso Island 15 35.1 Juan de Nova Island 16 35.6 Europa Island 9.4 35.6 Port Aux Francais (Kerguelen) -9.4 23 Possession Island (Crozet) -6.6 23.6 Amsterdam Island 1.8 26.4 GABON Libreville 16.1 35.1 Franceville 12 36 Mouila 12.5 37.2 Tchibanga 14 37.5 Mekambo 10 GAMBIA Banjul 7.2 43.6 Kuntaur 46.8 Jenoi 46.8 Boraba Kunda 4.4* * very dubious,likey taken with not proper instruments GEORGIA Tbilisi -24.4 40.6* * unofficial and questioned 42.0C was also recorded in July 1882 Kutaisi -17 42 Chiatura -20 42.5 Charnali -10 43 Batumi -11.2 41 Kartsakhi -41 Mt Kazbegi Met.Stat.-42 21 Sukhumi (Abkhazia) -14 41 Pskhu (Abkhazia) -27 41 Lata (Abkhazia) 43 Tskhinvali (S.Ossetia)-28 36 GERMANY Berlin -26.1* 38.2 * -31.9C was also recorded at Blankenburg station in January 1893 Cologne Bonn Int.AP -25 38.8 Frankfurt -27.2 38.7 Munich -31.6 37.5 Hamburg -29.1 38.8 Stuttgart -25.8 38.1 Essen -24 36.6 Bremen -23.6* 37.6 * a dubious -35.6C was recorded in December 1788 Dresden -30.5* 39.8 * -32.1C was also recorded in December 1788 Hannover -26* 38.1 * -29.4C was also recorded in December 1788 Leipzig -27.6* 37.5 * -28.7C was also recorded in 1776 Dusseldorf -22.8 38.5 Karlsruhe -25.4 40.2 Landesbut -45* * unofficial Funtensee -45.8* * unofficial, questioned Hull -37.8 Zugspitze -35.6 17.9 Freiburg im Breisgau-22.4 40.2 Garmersdorf 40.2 Perl-Nennig 40.3* * originally 40.8C ,was later corrected GHANA Accra 15 37.8 Kumasi 10.6 39 Bui 6.7 Navrongo 43 GREECE Athens Hellinikon -4.2 42.2 Athens Votanikos -10.4 44.5 Elefsina -7 48 Tatoi -8.8 48 Thessalonik -14* 44 * -15C was also recorded in January 1858 Patras -6.4 43.5 Heraklion (Crete) -1 44.4* * 45.7C was recorded in the city station in 1916 Tzermiadhon (Crete)-15.4 Rhodes Airport -3.9 42 Larissa -21.6* 45.4 * -22C was also recorded in January 1858 Ptolemaida -27.8 41.7 Sesi Parnassos -33.1* * unofficial GRENADA Saint George's Airp.16.7 34 Richmond Hill 34.4 Grand Etang 13 GUATEMALA Guatemala City 4.2 33.9 Guatemala Airport 6.1 34.5 Flores 9 42.6 Estanzuela 7 45 Gualan 6 47* * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Usumatlan 8 47* * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Puerto San Jose 12 40 Puerto Barrios 11 39.6 Coban 0.8 36 Chichicastenango -8.5 31.4 Huehuetenango -5.5 34 Quetzaltenango -10.5* 29.8 * unofficial -15.8C was recorded in January 1956 Olintepeque -11.5 29.6 GUINEA Conakry 16.1 36.1* * a dubious 38.3C was recorded in the old Observatory Labe 3.8 40 Bareing 2.5 Mali Ville 1.4 Siguiri 6.8 42.5 Koundara 45 GUINEA BISSAU Bissau 12.2 41.1 Bafata 10 43.6 Farim 7 43.2 GUYANA Georgetown Airport 16.6 37.2 Mazaruni 15 37.8 Kaieteur Falls 13 Lethem 39 St. Ignatius 18.9 39.4 Dadanawa Ranch 39.4 Mount Roraima 1* * unofficial HAITI Port au Prince 15 39 Turgueau 40.3 Gonaives 42* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Saint Marc 42* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Fort des Pins 1 Seguin 1 HONDURAS Tegucigalpa 3.9 37.8 San Pedro Sula 9.4 43.3 Guayabillas 45.5* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Santa Rosa de Copan 4.8 35.5 La Esperanza -0.6 HUNGARY Budapest Observ. -23.4* 40.1* * extremes of -27C and 40.7C were recorded in the Airport stations Debrecen -31.6 40.2 Szeged -29.1 39.8 Pecs -27 41.3 Kiskunhalas 41.9 Miskolctapolca -35 ICELAND Reykjavik -24.5 26.2 Akureyri -32.5* 29.4 * -35.7C also recorded in March 1810 Teigarhorn -25.5 30.5 Grimsey Island -30.8 21.9* * unofficial 26.2C in August 1876 was likely recorded under not standard conditions Grimsstaoir -37.9 Moorudalur -38 INDIA New Delhi City -0.6 47.2 New Delhi Palam -2.2 48.4 Mumbai Santacruz AP 7.4 42.2 Mumbai Colaba Obs. 11.7 41.6 Kolkata (Calcutta) 5 43.9 Chennai (Madras) 13.9 45 Bengaluru 7.8 38.9* * temperatures as high as 41C were recorded in others city's suburbia stations Allahabad -0.7 48.8 Lucknow -1 48.3 Jaipur -2.2 47.8 Nagpur 3.9 48.6 Hyderabad 6.1 45.5 Jammu 0.6 47.4 Chandigarh 0 46.5 Goa 13.3 39.8 Bikaner -4 49.4 Ganganagar -2.8 50 Churu -4.6 50* * dubious Dholpur -4.3 50 Alwar -0.8 50.6* * very dubious Pachpadra -4.3 50.6* * unofficial Cherrapunji -1 31.1 Srinagar -19.9 38.3 Leh -29.1 35.4* * dubious Kargil -32.8 Darbuk -34 Dras -45* 33 * Dras temperatures were likely taken under not proper conditions Siachen Glacier -55* * unofficial,dubious Amini Divi 18.3 37.7 Minnicoy Island 16.7 36.7 Port Blair (Andaman)16.1 36.8 Long Island (Andaman) 37.1 INDONESIA Jakarta Observat. 18.9* 36.8 * extremes temperatures of 16.9C and 37.0C were recorded at the Airport Surabaya 16.5 38.8 Semarang 17 38.7 Cirebon Jatiwangi 17 39.5 Medan (Sumatra) 17.2 37* * a faulty 42.0C was recorded at the Sampali station in 1972 Banjarmasin (Borneo) 17 37.6 Makassar(Sulawesi) 14.4 38.8 Den Pasar (Bali) 17 36.1 Jayapura (W.Papua) 17.6 36.8 Ambon (Moluccas) 18.3 35.6 Kupang (W.Timor) 14.4 38.4 Kertasarie Estate -5.6 Mount Pangrango 0.5 20.7 Puncak Jaya -8* * unofficial IRAN Tehran -20.6 43.1 Abadan -5 52 Ahvaz -7 52.2 Omidiyeh -3.5 52.6 Dehloran 53 Gotvand 53 Chahkutah 53* * suspicious, liken taken under overexposure conditions Jask 5 45.3 Esfahan -20.1 43.3 Shiraz -14 43.2 Tabriz -25.4 42 Mashad -28 43.8 Saqqez -36 41 Bijar -36* 38.2 * a questioned temperature of -38C was likely recorded with not proper instruments Kheyrabad -36.4 IRAQ Baghdad -8.5* 51 * unofficial temperature of -12.2C also recorded Nassirya Airport -7.2 53 Najaf -7.2 51.2 Basra -4.7 52 Al Kut -8.2 52 Ad-Diwaniyah -8.3 52.3 Kirkuk -7 49.5 Mossul -17.6 51.1* * suspicious IRELAND Dublin -15.6* 30.6* * extremes of -15.7C and 31.0C were recorded at the Casement Aerodrome Cork -9.4 29.4 Shannon -11.9 31.6 Valentia -7.7 29.8 Kilkenny -14.1 33.3* * dubious Lough Boora 32.5 Markree Castle -19.1 29.4 ISRAEL Tel Aviv -1.9 45.6* * a questioned record of 46.5C was also recorded in 1916 Jerusalem -6.7 42* * a questioned 44.4C was also recorded in 1881 Mount Canaan -9 40 Haifa -3 43.7 Ramat David -11.5 44 Beer Sheva -5 46.2 Eilat Observatory 0.9 47.4* * 48.8C was recorded in the Airport Station Sedom 3 48.8 Deganya -3.3 49 Qalya 51.2 Almog (Qalya) 51.4* * unofficial Tirat Tsvi 54* * wrong data caused by a faulty instrument Tel Tanim -13.1* * reports of -13.7C are due to a typo error in the original source Mount Avital -14.3* * unofficial, questioned Jericho (West Bank)-0.4 50.5 East Jerusalem (West Bank) -6.7 44.4 Hebron (West Bank) -8.6 Gaza (Gaza Strip) -2 45.9 ITALY Rome City -7.5* 40.7* * records of -11C and 41.7C were set in the suburb stations Rome Fiumicino Air.-7.8 38.6 Milan City -17.3 38.6* * 39.8C recorded in the Brera Observatory is believed to be overestimated Turin Observatory -19.1 39.7* * 41.6C was also recorded in the Turin North station Florence City -12.9 42.1 Florence Airport -23.2 42.6 Venice -15* 37.5 * -18C was also recorded in December 1788 Genoa -8.5 37.8 Bologna -18.8 39.7 Perugia -17 39.6 Naples -5.3* 40.5 * this minimum and another dubious -5.6C were recorded in the Airport Station Bari -5.9 45.6 Palermo Observatory -2 45* * a dubious 45.5C was recorded in August 1885 Cagliari -4.8 43.6 Catenanuova 48.5 Lampedusa Island 2.2 40.9 Plateau Rosa -34.6 14.4* * unofficial 17.2C was also recorded nearby in 2003 Mount Rose -41 8.6* * questioned Livigno -38 29 Gran Gioves -42 Busa Nord di Fradusta-49.6* * questioned, recorded in a frost hollow JAMAICA Kingston 13.3 36.4 Montego Bay 12.8 36 Bodles 37.2 Castleton Gardens 37.8 Blue Mount.Range 0.7 23.3 JAPAN Tokyo City -9.2 39.5* * unofficial 42.7C was recorded at the Primary School Station Osaka City -7.5 39.1 Kyoto -11.9 39.8 Sendai -11.7 37.2 Sapporo -28.5 36.2 Yamagata -20 40.8 Shimanto -6.9 41 Mount Fuji -38 17.8* * questioned 18.2C also recorded in August 2007 Asahikawa -41 36 Bifuka -41.5* 35.9 * unofficial Nagoya -10.3 39.9 Hiroshima -8.6 38.7 Nagasaki -7* 37.7 * recorded at the Airport Station Naha (Okinawa) 6.3* 35.6 * 5.0C was also recorded in the Airbase Chichijima 7.8 33.8 Minamitorishima Is.12.8 35.6 JORDAN Amman -6.5 44 Ma'an -8.4 43.5 Aqaba 0.6 48.8 Deir Alla 51.1 Shoubak -14 38.2 KAZAKHSTAN Astana -51.6 41.6 Almaty -37.7 43.4 Atbasar -45.9* 41.6 * a dubious -57C also recorded in January 1893 Semey -51.4 42.5 Kazalinsk -36.3* 43.7 * unofficial -40C was also recorded in 1893 Pavlodar -47.2 41.1 Fort Shevchenko -25 41.8 Karaganda -42.9 40.2 Turkestan -38.6 49.1 Orlovka -62* * dubious KENYA Nairobi 2 32.8 Mombasa 13.6 38.9 Garissa 13.9 41 Wajir 14.5 42.6 Eldoret 1.1 30.6 Ettrick Estate -3.3 Teleki Valley -13 Mount Kenya -22 11 KIRIBATI Bonriki (Tarawa) 20 35.3 Butaritari 18.9 35 Tabuaeran 18.3 34.2 Christmas Island 18.9 34.4 Beru 20.3 34.7 Banaba 20 35.6 KUWAIT Kuwait Int. Airport -4 52.1 Kuwait City -4.4* 51.9 * a temperature of -6.1C was also recorded at Omariya Station in January 1964 Mitribah 53.3* * a faulty record of 54.4C in 2010 was taken under not proper exposure conditions Sulaibya 53.6 Bubiyan Island -4.8 51.2 Al Salmi -4.8 49.8 Al Shiqaya -5* * unofficial KYRGYZSTAN Bishkek -34.4 43.8 Chuy 44 Naryn -38 36.9 Ak Say -53.6 23.5 LAOS Vientiane 2.4 41.1 Luang Prabang 0.8 44.8* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Savannakhet 1 42* * a 44.4C in April 1974 was recorded with not proper instruments Xiang Khoang Plat. -3.3 37 LATVIA Riga -34.9 35 Liepaja -32.9 34.6 Aluksne -37.4 33.3 Daugavpils -43.2 36.4 Ventspils 36.7 LEBANON Beirut Observatory -1.1 43.2 Beirut Nazareth -1.5 44.8 Tripoli -2.3 39.6 Ksara -18.3 41.2 Yammoune -22.7* * it is also found rounded to -23.5C Hermel 45 Haouch ed Dahab 46.7* * very dubious, likely recorded with not proper instruments LESOTHO Maseru -9.6 39.4 Lets'eng-La-Draai -20.4 31 LIBERIA Monrovia Downtown 18 36.5 Roberts Int.Airport 12.8 36.7 Masambolahun 7.8 Sikombe 40.6 LIBYA Tripoli City -0.6 47 Tripoli Airport -1.3 49.1 Misurata 0 47.6 Sirt 1 48.5 Benghazi Benina 0.6 45.6 Ghadames -8 48.4 Jalo -2.8 49.1 Zuwarah -1.1 50.2 Hon -9 48 Al Azizia -3 48* * an old record of 58.0C was recorded under terrible exposure conditions LIECHTENSTEIN Vaduz -26 36 Ruggel 37.4 Malbun -30 27 LITHUANIA Vilnius -37.2 35.4 Kaunas -36.3 35.1 Zarasai 37.5 Utena -42.9 34.5 LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg -23.1 37.9 Remich 40.5 Obercorn 41.5* * dubious Wiltz -24.6 MACEDONIA Skopje -25.6 43.2 Bitola -29.4 41.2 Berovo -31.5 39 Demir Kapija 45.7 MADAGASCAR Antananarivo 1.2 34.8* * an old record of 36C was also set in the Observatory Toamasina (Tamatave)11.3 38.8 Toliara 6.1 42.2 Arivonimamo -1 32.4 Nanokeli -8.5 Mount Andringitra -11 30 Andringitra Massif -16* * unofficial Ejeda 43.6 Antsiranana 13.5 36.7 MALAWI Lilongwe -0.6 38.9* * dubious,recorded in the City Hall station Blantyre 4.4 38.7 Zomba 5 38.6 Chelinda -6.7 Nkate 6.7 46 Chingala 46 MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 17.8 37.2 Penang 18 37.2 Kota Bharu 16.7 37 Kuching 17.8 37.3 Bintulu 18.9 36.3 Miri 18.3 35.8 Sandakan 18.3 36.5 Chuping 16.1 40.1 Cameron Highlands 2.2* 26.7 * an unofficial temperature of 0.1C was also recorded Panar Laban Hut 0.6* * unofficial MALDIVES Male 19 34.4 Hanimaadhoo 18.2 34.3 Gan 19.7 33.6 Kadhdhoo 34.8* * a dubious 36.8C was recorded in May 1991 MALI Bamako 6.1 46.1 Kayes 8.8 48.1 Gao 6.5 48.2 Timbuctu 4.8 47.8 Kidal 0.5 47.8 MALTA Valletta 1.2* 41.9 * a dubious 0.0C was also recorded in January 1858 Luqa Airport 1.4 43.8 Balzan 2.6 43.1 Ta'Qali -1.7* * unofficial MARSHALL ISLANDS Majuro 20 33.3* * a dubious 35.4C was recorded in July 2008 Kwajalein 20 33.3 Ujelang 35 MAURITANIA Nouakchott 3.9 48 Nouadhibou 5 45.4 Bir Moghrein 1 49.1 Kiffa 5 49 Atar 2 48.8 Akjoujt 6 50* * dubious Moudjeria 50* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments MAURITIUS Port Louis 10.5 38 Plaisance Airport 11 34.4* * a dubious 35.9C also recorded in January 1952 Pamplemousses 8.9 35.5 Vacoas 7.7 31.6 Belle Rive 6.5 Agalega Island 16.9 35.1 Rodrigues Island 14.5 34 Raphael Island(Cargados) 15.9 35.3* * unofficial and dubious reading of 36.1C was also recorded in 1946 MEXICO Mexico City -4.4 33.9* * 34.7C was also recorded in the Airport Station Guadalajara -5.5 39 Monterrey -8.5* 46.5 * an unofficial record of -15C was recorded in February 1895 in the highest parts of the city Acapulco 15 40.5 Puebla -9 36 Tijuana -1.5* 41.8 * a questioned -4.0C was also recorded in December 1954 La Paz -1.9 43.5 Tampico -2.5 45 Ciudad Victoria -6.1 46 Cancun 7.2 39.5* * dubious Merida 5 43.5* * a record of 45.0C was reported in the northern city station Mexicali -8 52 Rancho Williams -5 52* * dubious Delta -6 52* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Chihuahua -16* 41.4 * -18C was also recorded at the Airport Los Lamentos -29 Mohinora Peak -31* * unofficial MICRONESIA Palikir 18.3 36.1 Chuuk 18.9 35.6 Yap 18.3 35.9 MOLDOVA Chisinau -31.5 39.4 Bratuseni -35.5 Falesti 42.4 Tiraspol (Transnistria) -30* 41 * unofficial -32C was also recorded Slobodzya (Transnistria) 41.9 Camenca (Transnistria)-32.8 41.5 MONACO Monaco Ville Monte Carlo -2.3 34 Jardin Exotique -5.2 34.5 MONGOLIA Ulaan Bataar -49 38.6 Buyant-Uhaa -37 40 Choibalsan -41.6 41.2 Khongor 44 Zungoovi -55.3 Uvs Lake -56 MONTENEGRO Podgorica Downtown -9.6 44.8 Podgorica Airport -12 42.5 Danilovgrad 44.8 Rozaje -32 36 MOROCCO Rabat Sale -3.2 47.2 Casablanca -2.7 43.5 Fez -7.9 44.7* * a questioned 47.1C was likely taken with not proper instruments Tangier -4.2 43.5 Agadir -2.6 49.1* * a dubious record of 51.8C in August 1940 is probably overestimated Taroudant -4 50.2* * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Marrakech -5 49.6 Ifrane -24 37 Oussikis -24.1 El Aaiun(W.Sahara) 2.8 47.2 Semara (W.Sahara) 2.8 50.7 Dakhla (W. Sahara) 7.2 42.2 MOZAMBIQUE Maputo 5.1 45.5 Pafuri 1 46 Maue -2.8 37.4 Chibuto 47.3 MYANMAR Naypyitaw 10 44.5 Yangon (Rangoon) 9.1 42.5 Mandalay 5.6 45.6 Minbu 7.2 45.8 Myinmu 47.2 Kawthaung-Victoria P.15 39.7 Lashio -2.5 42.5 Hakha -6 NAMIBIA Windhoek -6.9 39.5 Gobabis -9.9 40.5 Walvis Bay 2.3* 39.5* * extremes of 0.0C and 42.0C were also recorded at the Airport Noordoewer -1.1 47.8 Stampriet -10.5 42.8 NAURU Yaren 20.4 34.6* * a dubious record of 35.3C was set in 1938 NEPAL Kathmandu -3.9 37.8 Pokhara 0.5 38 Dhangadi 0 46.4 Jumla -15 33.3 Lomangtang -22.5 Tsho Rolpa Lake -23.2 14.6 Machhermo -25* * unofficial NETHERLANDS Amsterdam -24 36.8 Vlissingen -19.6 35 Eindhoven -21.7 36.6 Maastricht -20.2* 38.4* * old unofficial extremes of -22.9C and 38.8C were also recorded Rotterdam -20.3* 36.5 * -20.4C was also recorded in 1776 Warnsveld 38.6 Winterswijk -27.4 Oranjestad (Aruba) 19 35.3 Queen Beatrix Airport (Aruba) 19 36.5 Flamingo Airport (Bonaire) 19.8 36.3 Kralendijk (Bonaire) 18* 35.5 * an unreliable 16.4C was recorded in December 1962 Hato Airport (Curacao) 19 38.3 Willemstad (Curacao) 19* 36 * a dubious 17C was also recorded at the Fort Nassau station in 1933 Princess Juliana AP(St Maarten)17 35.1 Roosevelt AP(Sint Eustatius) 16.4 34.3 Oranjestad (Sint Eustatius) 16.3* * a dubious 16.0C was also recorded in December 1966 The Bottom (Saba) 17.8 33.2 National Marine Park (Saba) 16 35 Windwardside (Saba) 16 Hell's Gate (Saba) 16 NEW ZEALAND Wellington -1.9 31.1 Auckland -2.5 32.4* * a temperature of 34.4C was recorded in Albert Park Station Christchurch -10 41.6 Dunedin -8.8 35.7 Invercargill -9 32.2 Queenstown -11.4 34.1 Rangiora 42.4 Jordan 42.4* * unofficial, also reported as 42.3C Chateau Tongariro -13.6 30 Ophir -21.6 Ranfurly -25.6 Raoul Island 7.4 31 Chatham Island -2.5 26 Campbell Island -7.9 21.2 Enderby Island -4.2 16.9 Alofi (Niue) 11.5 34 Vaipapahi (Niue) 10.7 34.3 Niue Airport (Niue) 10.6 33.1 Aitutaki(Cook Islands) 12.8 35.6 Avarua-Rarotonga(Cook) 8.9 34.2 Penrhyn (Cook Islands) 19.3 35.1 Fakaofo (Tokelau) 19 35.6 NICARAGUA Managua 14 39 Jinotega 8.9 34.2 Ocotal 7.7 39 Esteli 5.5 35.8 Chinandega 10 42 San Francisco Libre 42* * very dubious Leon 13 40.1 Rivas 16.3 36.6 Bluefields 16 39.4 NIGER Niamey 8.3 47 Agadez 3 47.1 Bilma -2.4 48.2 Nguigmi 3 47 Tillabery 6 46.8 NIGERIA Abuja 8 41 Lagos 13.9 37.3 Port Harcourt 13.9 37.2 Ilorin 9 40.1 Kano 3.9 43.6 Maiduguri 6.1 46.1 Yola 46.4* * dubious Sokoto 3.9 47.2* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Jos 4.4 37.2 Potiskum 2.8 46.1 NORTH KOREA Pyongyang -30.2 37.7 Chunggangjin -43.6 38 Wonsan -21.9 39.6 Hoeryong 40.9 Sinmusong -45.1 Chosan 41* * unofficial,dubious Baekdu Mountain -51* * unofficial NORWAY Oslo Airport -32 33 Oslo City -26* 35 * -27.9C was also recorded in February 1871 Bergen -16.3 31.8 Trondheim -26.1 35 Tromso City -18.4* 30.2* * -21.8C and 30.4C were also recorded in suburbia stations Hammerfest -23.5 29.7 Nesbyen -38 35.6 Roros -50.4 30.7 Karasjok -51.4 32.4 Finse -39.6 24.8 Mount Fannaraki -33 18.5 Bjornoya Island -31.6 23.6 Hopen Island -36.9 17.4 Jan Mayen Island -28.4 18 Longyearbyen(Svalbard) -46.3 21.3 Barentsburg (Svalbard) -39.8 20.3 Gronfjorden (Svalbard) -49.4 Bouvet Island -18.7 10.6 OMAN Muscat Airport 9.4 49.2 Salalah 10 47.2 Fahud 5.6 50.7 Buraimi 2.5 50.8 Sohar Majis 5.7 50.8 Saiq -3.6 37.1 Jabal ash Sham -7.8 27.6 PAKISTAN Islamabad -3.9 46.6 Lahore City -2.2 48.3 Karachi 0 47.8 Sibi -7.1 53 Jacobabad -3.9 52.8 Mohenjo-daro 53.5 Peshawar -3.9 50 Quetta -18.3 42 Sakardu -24.1 42.7 Astore -26 37 PALAU Ngerulmud Koror 20.6 34.4* * dubious Nekken Forestry 18.9 34.4 PANAMA Panama City 17.5 38 David 16.5 38 Santiago 15.6 39.4 Puerto Colon 18.9 36.1 San Francisco 15.4 40 Bajo Grande 2 26.2 Baru Volcano -6* * unofficial PAPUA NEW GUINEA Port Moresby 14.4 37.2 Lae 17.3 38.7 Goroka 6.1 30.6 Tambul -2.3 Yumbisa -3 Kieta (Bougainville)17.8 35.6 PARAGUAY Asuncion Downtown -2.3 43.3 Asuncion Guarani AP-1.2 40 Ciudad del Este -3 40.2 Encarnacion -6 42 Concepcion -2.8 42.6 Pedro Pena -7 44.8 Prats Gill -7.5 45 PERU Lima Airport 8.7 33.9 Iquitos 11 39 Cuzco -9 30 Arequipa -4 30 Tacna Airport 0 33.5* * highest temperature of 36.0C was recorded in the town Observatory Pucallpa 8 39.6 Neshuya 41.1* * dubious Mazo Cruz -27.7 Chuapalca -28.2* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper exposure conditions PHILIPPINES Manila Metro 14.5* 38.8* * old unofficial records were 13.5C in February 1767 and 39.7C in May 1878 Tuguegarao 12.2 42.2 Baguio 3 30 Mount Pulag -8* * unofficial Basco 11.6 36.5 Iloilo 16.5 37.8 Puerto Princesa 17.2 36.4 Cuyo 19 37.2 Cotabato (Mindanao)17.4 38.2 Gen.Santos (Mindanao)16.9 39 Malaybalay (Mindanao)10 36.2 POLAND Warsaw -30.7 37.7 * -33.7C was also recorded in February 1855 Lodz -30.3 37.6 Krakow -32.7 38.4* * 39.2C was also recorded in the Astronomical Observatory Poznan -28.5 38.7 Kolo -28.6 38.4 Slubice -29.4 39.5 Proszkow (Opole) 40.2 Kasprowy Wierch -30.2 23 Zywiec -40.6 Czarny Dunajec -41* 33.9 * unofficial Siedlce -41* 35.5 * questioned, likely recorded with not proper instruments Olecko -42* * unofficial,questioned Kaliszl -42* * unofficial,dubious Czechowice-Dziedzic -42* * unofficial,dubious Dubie -42* * unofficial,dubious Rabka -45* * unofficial,questioned Jablonka -46* * unofficial,questioned PORTUGAL Lisbon -1.2* 43 * an old record of -3.5C was also set in 1766 Porto -5 40.5 Faro -1.4 44.3 Setubal -5.3 43.5 Beja -5.5 45.4 Braganca -12 39.6 Amareleja 47.4 Penhas da Saude -16 Miranda do Douro -16 38.8 Funchal (Madeira) 4.4 38.5 Sanatorio do Monte (Medeira) 39 Santo da Serra (Madeira) 40* * unofficial Arieiro Peak (Madeira) -7 Bica da Cana (Madeira) -9.5* * dubious Porto Santo (Madeira) 5 35.3 Santa Maria (Azores)4.8 30.7 Ponta Delgada (Az.) 3.5 29.9 Madalena (Azores) 32.1 Cerrado dos Bezerros (Azores) 0.3 26.5 Cha das Lagoinhas (Azores) -3.5 QATAR Doha Airport 3.8 50.4 Umm Said 3* 52.2* * very dubious ROMANIA Bucharest -30* 42.4 * -32.2C was also recorded in the Baneasa Airport in January 1942 Timisoara -35.3 41.1 Iasi -36.6 41.3 Cluj -34.2 38.5 Constanta -25 38.5 Galati -28.6 40.5 Miercurea Ciuc -38.4 36 Ion Sion Farm (Ramnicelu)44.5 Varfu Omul -38 22.1 Bod -38.5 RUSSIA Moscow Observatory-42.1 38.2* * 39.7C was also recorded in the Bykovo Airport Station St.Petersburg -35.9 37.1 Nizhniy Novgorod -41.4 38.3 Kaliningrad -33.3 36.5 Archangelsk -45.2 34.4 Murmansk -39.4 32.9 Omnsk -49 40.4 Pechora -56 34.9 Ust'Schugor (Europe)-58.1 35 Sochi -13.4* 39.4 * unofficial lowest of -18C also recorded Grozny (Chechnya) -31.5 42 Elista -34 42.9 Astrakhan -33.8 41 Alexandrov Gaj -39.9 43.8 Jaskul -36.1 44.4 Utta 45.4 Krasnoyarsk -52.8 36.4 Hatanga -59 36.7 Irkutsk -49.7 37.2 Verkhojansk -67.6* 37.3 * originally -69.8C, later corrected for reading and overexposure errors Oymyakon -67.7* 34.6 * an extrapolated data of -71.2C in 1926 is also on records Vladivostok Airport -36 36 Vladivostok Port -31.4 34.1 Yuzhno-Kuril'ske -20.3 30.5 Belogorsk (Asia) -48 42.4 Ust Kara (Asia) -50 42.7 Vize Island -47.9 8.7 RWANDA Kigali 9 35.4 Butare 9.5 31.4 Ruhondo 0 ST KITTS AND NEVIS Basseterre 16.1 35.1 Golden Rock AP 16 34 Charlestown (Nevis) 18 33 ST LUCIA Castries 15.6 35.6 Soufriere 13.3* 36.1* * Soufriere old data was likely taken with not proper instruments Hewanorra Airport 17.4 33.5 Reunion 35.6 ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES Kingstown Downtown 15.6 33.9 Arnon Vale Airport 18 35.6 Camden Park 35.6 SAMOA Apia 16.1 34.9* * a unofficial old temperature of 35.6C also recorded Alaufa 15.3 34.9 Asau 16.8 36.5 Afiamalu 10.5 29.2 SAN MARINO San Marino City -13.6 39.9 Serravalle -18 39.8 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Sao Tome 13.3 36 Sto Antonio(Principe)15.6 34.7 Monte Cafe 8.7 32.5 SAUDI ARABIA Ryad -7.2 49 Jeddah 9 52 Yenbo 4.7 49.5 Madinah -1 49 Makkah 8 51.4 Gizan 11.8 45.3 Dhahran -1 51.1 Shaybah 2 53* * dubious Khurais -2 52 Turaif -12.2 47 SENEGAL Dakar 10.7 42.7 Saint Louis 6 46.5 Matam 6.8 48.8 Podor 6.1 48 Linguere 5.4 47.7 Kaolak 7.9 47.8* * dubious Ziguinchor (Casam.) 7.8 45* * dubious Tambacounda 7.2 47.2 Diourbel 4.2 47.5 SERBIA Belgrade -26.2* 43.6 * -29.5C was also recorded in the Zemun Polje Airport in 1963 Novi Sad -30.7 41.6 Kraljevo -27.1 44.3 Smederevska Palanka-32.6 44.9 Cuprija -28.4 44.6 Nis -23.7 44.2 Sjenica -38 35.6 Karajukica Bunari -39.5 Pristina (Kosovo) -27.2 40 Prizren (Kosovo) -23.6 42 Gnjilane (Kosovo) -32.5 SEYCHELLES Port Victoria 19.3 32.8 La Pointe La Rue AP19.6 34.8 Aldabra Atoll 17.5 36.3 SIERRA LEONE Freetown 15 37* * a questioned record of 38.6C was taken under not proper exposure conditions Bo 12 38.5 Makeni 9 39.4 Daru 11.7 40 Njala 6.1 40 Mano 40 Musaia 40* * suspicious, likely taken with not proper instruments Yengema 6.1 39.4 SINGAPORE Singapore Downtown 18.9 36.1 Singapore Airport 19.4 36 Tengah Air Base 18.9 Seletar 36.4 SLOVAKIA Bratislava -31.8* 39.4 * -36C was also recorded at Devínska Nová Ves Station in 1929 Kosice -30.5 39 Hurbanovo -35 40.3 Lomnicky Stit -31.5 19.4 Viglas Pstrus-Dolina -41 SLOVENIA Ljubljana -26.4* 40.2 * -28.2C was also recorded at the old Brnik Station in 1940 Kocevje -31.5 38 Murska Sobota -31 40.1 Maribor -26.7 40.6 Crnomelj -26.3 40.6 Cerklje ob Krki 40.8 Trebnje 41.4* * unofficial,dubious Mount Kredarica -28.3 21.6 Babno-Polje -34.5* 34.8 * unofficial temperature of -39.6C was recorded nearby in February 1929 Lepa Komna -49.1* * recorded in a frost hollow SOLOMON ISLANDS Honiara 16.6 36.1 Munda 17.4 35 Lata (Santa Cruz) 18.9 34.2 Kira Kira 15.6* 35.7* * very dubious Tulaghi 36.1* * dubious SOMALIA Mogadishu 15 39.8 Kisimayo 18 37.8 Baidoa 16.1 38.9 Bosaso 45.2 Qardho 6 Berbera (Somaliland)12.2 47.8 Hargeysa (Somaliland)2.8 37 Erigavo (Somaliland)-3.3* 31 * dubious, like taken with not proper instruments SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town Observ. 1.4* 41.7 * -2.2 was also recorded in the former Wingfield airfield Pretoria -6.1 38.8 Bloemfontein -12.2 40 Johannesburg -8.2 35.4 Cape Point 3.5 37.6 Kimberley -8.5 40.9 Durban 2.6 41.9 Port Elizabeth -0.5 40.7 Sutherland -16.4 36.8 Buffelsfontein -20.1* 35 * dubious Vioolsdrif 48.8 Dunbrody 50* * dubious Marion Island -6.5 25.6 SOUTH KOREA Seoul -23.1* 38.4 * -24.4C was also recorded in another city station Incheon -21 38.9 Busan -14* 36.7 * -15.0C was also recorded in the Airport Station Taegu -20.2 40 Jeju -6* 37.5 * -7C was also recorded in the Airport Station Yangpyong -32.6 37.6 Hapcheon -16.9 39.2* * unofficial and questioned temperature of 41.2C was set in July 1994 Cholwon -33* * unofficial SOUTH SUDAN Ramciel 8.3* 43.3* * data from nearby town of Rumbek Juba 11.1 44.5 Wau 9.3 43.5* * an old suspicious 46.0C also recorded Raga 4.2 43.9 Renk 7.6 47.3 SPAIN Madrid Retiro Obs.-10.4* 40.6* * extremes in the old Observatory of -12.5C and 44.3C were likely taken with not proper instruments Madrid Barajas AP -15.2 42.2 Barcelona City -6.8* 39.3* * extremes of -10.0C and 39.8C were recorded at the Fabra Hill Observatory Barcelona Airport -8 37.4 Seville -5.8 47 La Coruna City -3 39.6 Valencia -8 43* * 44.5C was also recorded in the Manises Airfield Grenada Airport -14.2 42.6* * 42.8C was also recorded in the Armilla Airbase in June 1935 Malaga Airport -3.8 44.2 Leon -17.4 38.2 Bilbao -8.6* 42* * old records of -11.2C and 43.4C were likely taken with not proper instruments Ibiza Island -3 36.6 Calamocha -30 40 Murcia -6* 47.2 * -7.5C was also recorded in the Maciascoque Observatory in 1985 Montoro 48* * unofficial Totana 48* * unofficial Utrera 48* * unofficial Berja 50* * unofficial,questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Alhama 50* * unofficial,dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Huecija 49* * unofficial,questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Moratalla 49* * unofficial,questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Dona Ines 48* * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Isla Menor 49* * unofficial,questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Arahal 49* * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Lora del Rio 48* * very dubious La Palma del Condado 48* * very dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Estany Gento -32 27.1 Vińa Acevedo (Ceuta)1.3 40.2 Monte Hacho (Ceuta)-0.4 38.5 Melilla -0.5 41.8 Sta Cruz de Tenerife(Canary)8.1 42.6 Gran Canaria AP (Canary) 6.5 44.2 Fuerteventura AP (Canary) 5.4 44 La Palma AP (Canary) 9.4 38.4 Lanzarote AP (Canary) 8 43.6 Hierro AP (Canary) 8 34.2 Barranco de Masca (Canary) 47.5 Arrecife (Canary) 7 48* * unofficial, dubious Izana (Canary) -9.8 30.4 Pico de la Teide (Canary) -16.8 25.8 Canada de la Grieta(Canary)-21* 34 * unofficial SRI LANKA Colombo City 15.2 37 Batticaloa 17.1 39 Galle 17.1 36.4 Jaffna 16.2 38.7 Trincomalee 18.2 39.8 Anuradhapura 11.8 39.6 Vavuniya 10.5 40.1 Nuwara Eliya -2.7 27.7 SUDAN Khartoum 5.2 47.7 Port Sudan 10 48.6 Wadi Halfa 1 48.9 Abu Hamed 4.5 49.5 Dongola 1 49.7 Zalingei -1 42.7 El Fasher 0.6 46 Damazine 8.5 47 SURINAME Paramaribo Airport 15.2 37.8 Placers L en F de Jong 17 39.3* * dubious Sipaliwini 14.8 SWAZILAND Mbabane -6.1 37.2 Manzini 0 42.5 Sidvokodvo (Dearn) 46.1 SWEDEN Stockholm Observ. -32 36* * dubious Stockholm Bromma -32.8 35.3 Gothenburg -26.4 34.1 Malmo -28 34 Uppsala -39.5 37.4 Linkoping -33.5 34.6 Vasteras -36.5 36 Malilla -33.8 38 Ultuna -32.2 38* * dubious Karesuando -49* 32.5 * an unofficial reading of -54C was recorded in the churchyard of the town Pite -41.5 34.9 Nikkaluokta -49.4 28.5 Vuoggatjalme -52.6 29.3 Malgovik -53* * very questioned, recorded with private equipments Buttle (Gotland Is.)-32.8 35.2 Ekerum (Oland Is.) -29.2 33 Mossen (Oland Is.) -26.1 34.5 SWITZERLAND Bern -23.3 37 Geneva -19.9* 38.5 * -25.3C was also recorded in January 1838 Zurich Observat. -24.2 36* * a reading of 37.7C of 1947 have been corrected to 35.8C by Meteo Swiss Zurich Airport -24.8 37.1 Basel -24.1 39.1 Roveredo 39.3 Grono -13 41.5* * questioned Lugano -14 37.1* * a reading of 38.0C of 1945 have been discounted by Meteo Swiss Saentis -32 20.8 Jungfraujoch -36.6 12.8 La Brevine -42.5* 33.7 * originally -41.8C,it was later corrected Glattalp -52.5* * unofficial,recorded in a hollow frost SYRIA Damascus Airport -13.5* 46 * -15C was also recorded in Madaya Station in 1950 Aleppo -18 47 Palmyra -10.4 48.3 Deir El Zor -10.4 47.8 Hassakah -11 49.4 Tel Abiadh -16.5 46.1 Idlib -23 TAIWAN Taipei -0.2 39.3 Taichung -1 39.9 Kaohsiung 4.4 37.1 Taitong 7.4 40.2 Hengchun 8.4 37 Alishan -11.5 25.5 Yushan North Peak -18.4 21.3 TAJIKISTAN Dushanbe -29 44 Khorog (Gorno Bad.) -32 38.6 Shaymak -51.6 27 Eastern Pamir -63* * unofficial Khundjand -22.8 45.9 Qurghonteppa -24.1 46 Aivadj 47 Nizhniy Pyandzh -27 48* * dubious TANZANIA Dar es Salaam Air. 12.8 35.9 Dodoma 7.6 36.7 Tanga 15.5 35.2 Mbeya -5.5* 32 * dubious Shume (Neu Hornow) -2.1 Moshi 8 38.9 Kilimanjaro Airport 6 38.7 Kisauni (Zanzibar) 16 39.4 Wete (Pemba) 15.6 Mount Kilimanjaro -22* * unofficial THAILAND Bangkok 9.9 40.8 Pattaya 14.6 37.3 Phuket Town 17.4 37.8 Koh Samui 17.8 36.8 Narathiwat 17.1 39 Chiang Mai 3.7 42.4 Chiang Rai 1 41.3 Udon Thani 2.5 43.9 Ubon Ratchathani 6.7 42.4 Sakon Nakhon -1.4 42.3 Dan Sai -1.5 Uttaradit 4.5 44.5 Doi Inthanon -8 Mt.Luang Chiang Dao -9* * unofficial TIMOR LESTE Dili 11.8 36.6 Viqueque 12 38 Baucau 38* * dubious Bobonaro 38* * dubious Hato Lia 38* * dubious Hato Builico 1 25 TOGO Lome 14.3 37.6 Sokode 10 41.2 Mango 10 43.4 Palime 9.8 37 TONGA Nuku'Alofa 8.3 33.9 Fuaamotu Airport 8.7 34 Keppel Island 11.1 34.6 Lupepau'U (Vava'u) 10 35 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Port of Spain AP 15.6 36.5 Tobago Airport 18.2 34.4 Penal 15 TUNISIA Tunis -3.8 48 Bizerte -2 47.7 Sfax Airport -2.3 47.8 Djerba 0 48 Kebili -5 48.5* * a wrong record of 55.0C was taken under terrible exposure conditions El Borma 50.1 Burj al-Hattabah -9 Bou Chebka -10.3 TURKEY Ankara Downtown -24.9 41 Ankara Airport -31.2 41.2 Istanbul -16.1 40.6 Izmir -11.1 43.2 Edirne (Europe) -22.2 44.1 Luleburgaz (Europe)-24.2 Erzurum -40 36.5 Antalya -7.7 45.6 Iskenderun -3.2 43.2 Samsun -8.1 39 Diyarbakyr -24.2 46.2 Sanliurfa -12.4 46.8 Cizre 48.6 Agri (Karakose) -45.6 38.2 TURKMENISTAN Ashkabad -28 46.7* * unofficial reading of 48C also recorded Turkmenbasy -21.9 44.7 Repetek Reserve -31 50.1 Serhetabat(Kushka)-33.8 47.6 Chesme -35 49 TUVALU Funafuti 19.7 35.3* * an old record of 36.1C is probably unreliable Nui 19.5* 35.9* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Niulakita 20.6 36.1* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments UGANDA Kampala 10* 36.2* * older extreme temperatures are unreliable Kabale 2.8 31 Soroti 40.1* * dubious Mbarara -1.1* * unreliable,likely taken under not proper conditions Rwenzori Range -7.7* * unofficial UKRAINE Kyiv -32.9 39.4 Simferopol -30.3 39.5 Yalta -15.1* 39.1 * unofficial -17.8C was also recorded Odessa -29 39.3 Kherson -32.2 41 Voznesensk -29.7 41.3 Lukhansk -41.9 42 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Abu Dhabi Airport 5.4 49.2 Sharjah 2.5 49.3 Dubai 7.4 48.5 Ras al Khaimah 4.4 48.8 Fujairah 10.8 50.2 Liwa 50.3 Al Jazeera 1.3 52.1* * suspicious Rakhna -1 49.9 Jabal Jais -2.7 36.5 Ra'alat al-Jees -5* * unofficial UNITED KINGDOM Greater London -18.8* 38.1 * -21.1C also recorded in December 1796 and January 1795 London Greenwich -16.1 37.5 Birmingham -20.8 34.9 Liverpool -14 35 Manchester -17.8* 33.9 * temperatures as low as -24C were recorded during the XVIII century Aberdeen -19.3 30 Glasgow -18.7 31.1 Edinburgh -17.4 31.4 Cardiff -16.7 34.5 Belfast -12.8* 30.8 * -14.9C was also recorded at the Airport Station in December 2010 Cairngorm -16.5 21.7 Blackadder -30.6* * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1879 Saint Albans -33.9* * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1788 Brogdale (England) 38.5* * questioned Hawarden Bridge (Wales) 35.2 Greycrook (Scotland) 32.9 Knockarevan (N.Ireland) 30.8 Edgomond(England) -26.1 Braemar (Scotland) -27.2 28 Altnaharra (Scotland) -27.2 Rhayader (Wales) -23.3 Castlederg (N. Ireland) -18.6 30 Edenfel (N.Ireland) -19.4* * unofficial, recorded under not standard exposure conditions Jersey St Louis -10.3 36 Jersey Airport -10.9 35 Noirmont (Jersey) -11 Guernsey Airport -7.2 34.3 Rocquaine Bay (Guernsey) 35 Saint Peter (Guernsey)-8.4 Isle of Man Airport -9.1 28.9 Douglas (Isle of Man)-11.7 Kirkwall (Orkney) -7.8 25.6 Deerness (Orkney) -13.3* * dubious Lerwick (Shetland) -8.9 23.4 Baltasound (Shetland)-11.9 24.4 Sumburgh (Shetland) -10 27.8 Stornoway (Hebrides) -12.2 26.3 Benbecula (Hebrides) 27.2 St.Mary's (Scilly Is.) -7 27.8 Fair Isle -5 20.1 Sule Skerry -3 20 Gibraltar -2.9 40.6 Prospect (Bermuda) 6.1 34.9 Fort George (Bermuda) 5 34.5 Plymouth (Montserrat) 15.6* 36.1* * extreme temperatures of 15.0C and 36.7C were likely taken under not proper conditions Grand Turk (Turks C.) 15.6 35.6 Owens Roberts AP(Cayman I.)11.1 34.7 West Bay (Cayman I.) 11.2 34.9 Georgetown Crewe Road(Cayman I.) 35.7* * unofficial, recorded with a private equipment The Valley (Anguilla) 17.9 33.6 West End (Anguilla) * 19 34.3 * data from this station is unofficial and recorded with private equipments Tortola (Virgin Is.) 15.6 35.6 Stanley (Falkland I.)-11.1 26.1 Mount Pleasant (Falkland I.) -10.4 29.2 Pebble Island (Falkland I.) -4.4 21 Sea Lion Island (Falkland I.) -8.7 19.9 Weddell Island (Falkland I.) -7.2 22.2 Grytviken (South Georgia) -19.4 23.5 King Edward Point (S.Georgia)-18.9 26.3 Bird Island (S.Georgia) -11.4 14.5 South Thule Isl.(S.Sandwich) -29.8 17.7 Jamestown (St Helena) 14.4 33.9 St Matthews (St Helena)7.8 28.8 Wide Awake F.(Ascension)18.3 32.5 Georgetown (Ascension)18.8 34.9 Residency (Ascension) 14.5 30.8 Tristan da Cunha Is. 2.4 27.6 Gough Island -2.7 28.6 Diego Garcia Island 18.3 37.2 Adamstown (Pitcairn) 10 29.9 Henderson Isl.(Pitcairn) 35 UNITED STATES URUGUAY Montevideo -5.8* 42.8 * -7.4C was also recorded in the Carrasco Airport Salto -5.3 42.2 Rocha -5.8 42 Artigas -5.2 42 Mercedes -8 42.8* * 44.6C in 1923 was likely taken with not proper instruments Rivera -5.4 42.2* * 44.0C in 1953 was likely taken with not proper instruments Paysandu -7.4 44 Melo -11 42.1* * 43.1C in 1935 was likely taken with not proper instruments UZBEKISTAN Tashkent -29.5 44.6 Termez -21.7* 47* * unofficial old readings of -25C and 50.5C were taken with not proper conditions Tamdy -30.1 48.4 Samarkand -25.4 42.4 Kulkuduk -37 47 Mashikuduk 49.7 Karakalpakiya -39.8 46 VANUATU Port Vila Airport 8.5 35.6 Santo-Pekoa Airport12.6 34 Anetyum 11 34 Sola Vanua Lava 12 34.5 VATICAN CITY* -7.2 40.7 * data from the Rome Center stations of Macao and Collegio Romano is used VENEZUELA Caracas Downtown 7.1* 35.3* * temperatures of 6.0C and 35.5C were recorded in other city's stations Caracas Airport 15.4 37.1 Maracaibo 17 41 Ciudad Bolivar 17.7 40.4 Coro 18* 41.6 * an old record of 16.0C was likely affected by overexposure Machiques 16.2 42 Maracay 10.8 38.5 Margarita Island 16 38 Merida 7.9 33.2 Mucubaji -8.6 22.2 Piedras Blancas -12* * unofficial VIETNAM Hanoi 2.7 40.4* * an old record of 42.8C at the Gia Lam Airport was taken under not standard exposure conditions Ho Chi Min City 13.8 39.4* * an old record of 41.7C was taken with not proper instruments Vinh 4 42.1 Da Nang 7.2 42 Na Thrang 14.6 39.5 Tuong Duong 1.7 42.7 Tay Hieu 43* * questioned Sa Pa -6.1 33 Hoang Lien Son -6 24.9 Truong Sa (Spratly)17.4 35.8 YEMEN Sanaa -5.8 34.4 Aden 14.1 43.3 Ryan 13.8 43.9 Seiyoun 46.3 Kitab -9 Socotra Island 17 42 ZAMBIA Lusaka 0.2 39.6 Livingstone -3.7 41.3 Mfuwe 1 43.5 Lusitu 46.4* * dubious,likely recorded with not proper instruments Choma -9 39.1 ZIMBABWE Harare -1.2 36.7 Bulawayo -4 38.5 Victoria Falls -4.3 41.1 Beitbridge -1.1 45.6 Kariba 2.7 45.6* * dubious,likely recorded with not proper instruments Buffalo Range 0.6 45.5 Matopos -10.3 38.2 Matobo Hills -12.7 ANTARCTICA Vostok -89.2 -12.2 Amundsen-Scott -82.8 -12.3 Mc Murdo -50.6 13.4 Palmer -31 11.6 Mawson -36 10.6 Casey -41 9.2 Davis -41.8 13 Scott Base -57 7.5 Vanda 15 Halley -55.3 6.8 Rothera Point -39.5 12 Dumont D'urville -37.5 11 Neumayer -50.2 4.3 Syowa -45.3 10 Maitri -38 12.2 Sanae -57.9 9.7 Zhongshan -45.7 9.6 Mirny -40.3 8.7 Marambio -38.3 16.5 Orcadas -44 15.2 Esperanza -32.6 17 San Martin -47 15 Luis Carvajal -44 9 King George Island-32.3 16.7 Signy Island -40.1 19.8 MARS Viking Lander -107 -17.2 Curiosity -127 8
Special Notes: -The registers of temperatures have been taken during different periods of time, so while for certain stations data are available since the begin of the modern era in 1850 and even before, for other stations data are available only for some decades.
-Some old data with not decimal points could have been rounded.
-For some localities ,records have been merged from different stations when there are no significative microclimatic differences. If there are microclimatic differences, data have been separated.
-Data have been checked by daily and hourly (synops/metars) basis for every station, in most cases with extensive quality controls,weather maps, satellite maps, etc.... The best effort has been made during several years of data checking, to remove all faulty records and to include all genuine records recorded in any reliable station. This has been possible with several billion data checked with the help of hundreds of specialists, climatologists, observatories's staff and with the help of National Institutes of Meteorology of over 150 countries.
-In the case of doubt, please contact the editor.
-Many people have helped me by providing information and data for my site. I would like to thank some of them (sorry if i forget somebody, there are really dozens of people who helped me!). Let me know if i missed to include your name in the following list:
Tomi Eronen, Roland Bert, Bob McDavitt, Tucker Barnes, Natalija Curic, Luis Felipe Miguel, Gustavo Zago Basilio, Philippe Rouzaut, Simone Pietrosanti, Giuseppe Caridi, Francisco (of meteored.com), Ross Marsden, Doug McGuinn, Willy De Taddeo, Karel Zverina, Jan Isler, Horacio y Agur (from Bilbao), Ivan Jaramillo, Adam Shaheen, Antonio Joyette, Christopher Burt, Luca Rao, Fiorentino Marco Lubelli, Garth Simpson, Coleen de Villiers, Wang Zhiyong, Ismael Marin, Enzo Giudice, Graham Pearce, Massimiliano Simola, Stefano Zerauschek, Joe Meilak, Wendy (from Pretoria), David Shohami, Ernesto de Lara, Massimo Aceti, Stefano Di Battista, Franco Lopes, Jose Angel Nunez, Marina Zuccoli, Ron Anderson, Witold Mizerski, Andre Eid, Alessandro Mandelli, Raul Rodas, Riedner (from Zambia), Musoni Didace, Rosa Maria Araujo, An Willems, Malehloa (from Lesotho), Pierluigi Randi, B.Pathak (from Mauritius), Pavel Stastny, Bernard Duguay, Kreso Pandzic, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research of New Zealand, Kevin Mc Gill, Howard Rainford, Brandt Maxwell, Joel Caceres, Stuart Burgess, James of the Customer Centre of British Met Office, Harve Beller, Mr.Le Chatran, Radim Tolasz, Martin Rowley, Anthony Pallot, Sam Giloi, Meteorological Services of Andalucia Occidental (Spain), T.C. Lee, Jeff Taylor, Juan Abel Miranda, Leonel Alvarez, Judith Ley Garcia, P.Goolaup, Enrique Davalos Gonzalez, Martin Gustincic, Adams Chavula, Brian Kolts, Sheryl LeBlanc, Thomas Auguste, Alan Olson, Mercedes Bullon Fernandez, Taiwan Meteorological Services, Mark Mc Laughlin, Ahmad Zaki Mohamad Saad, Seccion Climatologia del CMT Canarias Oriental, Anahit Hovsepyan, Sverker Hellstrom, Steve Donahue, Gloria Leon, Cayman Met.Service, Susan Watler, Anselmi Elddy, Manel Cascante Torrella, Halina Lorenc, Stelios Pashiardis, Leandro (from Brazil), Vesselin Alexandrov, Peter Ivanov, Boniface (from Zambia), Kate Strachan,Ismail Gizouli, Willis Mills, Liri Mucaj, Lori-Rae Alleyne, Mariano Gutierrez, John Nicolaou, Inger Marie Nordin, Muhammad Ibrahim, Bruno Renon, Renato Sansone, Simone Lussardi, Nicholas Alphonso, Alioune Diagne, Hassab El Dayem, Rikke Sjolin Thomsen, Abdus Salam, Rog (from Madeira), Steven Colwell, Andrew Tait, Mercy (from Vanuatu), Joan Self, Fred Burton, Charlotte McBride, Muwaffaq Freiwan, Dave Connell, Reha Yucememis, Aydin Bektas, Lukasz Szoldra, Torny Axell, Alesch Claude, Espen Ronneberg, Laurier Williams, Lesley (from Australia), Laura Aldeco, Rafat Assi, Ms Smith (from Belize), Ricardo Sanz, Ricardo Herrera Jimenez, Rick Ediger, Adam Macia, Miguel Omar Chavez Marquez, Zeljko Majstorovic, Nicola Del Core, Pamela Turchiarulo, Rajesh Kapadia, Piotr Djakow, Matteo Vinattieri, Romulo Vega Gonzalez, Philip Malsale, Khalid Ibrahim El Fadli, Moustapha Fleyfel, Ion Marinica, Noreen Brennan, Mark Beswick, Heba Al-Fadhel, Nawaf Ahmed Foud, Mohammed Riyaz, Marko Espinoza, Abdualimov (from Tajikistan), Ian Arvanitis, Oyvind Sandbugt, Blair Trewin, Laurinda Sebastiano, Amos Jele, Francois Gourand, Jailan Simon, Giuseppe Vitale, Peggy Paulmin, Vikas Sethi, Stephan Bader, Ernesto Petino, Rupert Wood, Bob Mc Davitt, Georgina Griffiths, Ian Currie, Sunil Nagaraj, Javier Espinosa, Alejandro Gonzalez, Alberto Hernandez, Konrad Steffen, Juergen Herrmann, Peter Takacs, Guo Junchao, Viviana Castro, Sverker Hellstrom, Elisha Moyo, Linda Keller, Lucia Alvarado, Marco Antonio Bolanos, Jan Erik Johnsen, Per Allner,Keithley Meade, Andrea Bosoni, Matteo Pillitteri, Taimi Sofia Kapalanga, Alexander Orlik, Helge Tangen, Audrone Galvonaite, Aidan Murphy, Trausti Jonsson, Ladislav Tegl, Gavin Jones, Virginia Rocha, Simon Hölzl, Jorge Czajkowski, Paul Lepesant, Cyrille Tailliez, Arpit Sharma, Santosh Subramanian, Kyaw Lwin Oo, Jennifer Moetie, Willem Conradie, Tsegaye Ketema, Normal Avila, Henry Oswaldo Benevides, Shim (from Maldives), Andy Smith, Gert König-Langlo, Engel Andriessen, Aeronautica Militare Italiana, Meteo France Climatic Service in Guadeloupe, William Mac Pherson, Mark Beswick, Chin Hong, Geir Kjaernli, Marcelo Carbonelli, Frode Hassel, Ken Devine, Bridget Thomas, Lukasz Szoldra, Sidi Ould Mohamed Lemine, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institut, Barbara Cagnazzi, Didier Reboul, John Cappelen, Thierry Le Bouard, Elaine Hood, Michael Carmody, Tim Delany, Roberto Carlos Fernandez, Paolo Grigioni, A. Zamari, David Mikolajczyk, Carol Costanza, Julian Morales, Yusuke Uemura, Arnold Jakubczyk, Jostein Memen, Hans Ovan Hygen, Hanne Heiberg.
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