Performance

Public performance measure

The public performance measure (PPM) shows the percentage of trains which arrive at their terminating station on time.

It combines figures for punctuality and reliability into a single performance measure. It is the industry standard measurement of performance.

Performance for 18 October to 14 November 2015 (period 8)

The national PPM is 84.3%.

This compares to 84.6% for the same period last year.

The moving annual average (MAA) is 89.5%.

Performance 2002-2015

Performance by train operator

The table below shows the average PPM for Britain as a whole and by train operating company. The moving annual average is calculated over the 365 days to 14 November 2015.

Train operating company	PPM % Period 8, 2014/15	PPM % Period 8, 2015/16	PPM moving annual average (MAA)
Abellio Greater Anglia	86.8	86.0	89.7
Arriva Trains Wales	89.6	90.1	93.4
c2c Rail	96.9	96.5	97.4
Caledonian Sleeper	91.1	83.8	90.5
Chiltern	93.3	92.8	94.7
Crosscountry	79.3	85.1	89.5
East Midlands Trains	86.5	89.5	92.8
First Hull Trains	84.4	78.3	87.3
First Transpennine Express	80.6	78.4	89.3
Govia Thameslink Railway	78.6	74.1	82.1
Grand Central	84.0	83.3	88.7
Great Western Railway	84.0	85.0	89.1
Heathrow Express	89.4	90.1	91.7
London Midland	81.4	83.6	87.9
London Overground	93.9	92.5	94.2
Merseyrail	91.7	93.4	95.8
Northern Rail	83.5	84.2	91.2
ScotRail	84.9	83.3	90.7
Southeastern	82.5	82.2	88.8
Stagecoach South West Trains	84.3	86.7	90.5
TfL Rail	92.1	94.8	93.1
Virgin Trains East Coast	82.7	80.3	87.2
Virgin Trains West Coast	81.3	86.4	86.6
National	84.6	84.3	89.5

Delay split by franchised operator

Notes:

• The measure of train punctuality also known as PPM (public performance measure) means trains arriving at their terminating station within five minutes for commuter services and within 10 minutes for long distance services.
• This measure of punctuality is commonly used throughout Europe.
• National train punctuality is measured for all trains across the whole network, including cancelled services and delays caused by external factors (such as vandalism, extreme weather, suicides etc).
• Punctuality was not recorded in this thorough way until 1997. Before then Railtrack, and British Rail before that, did not measure all services and also excluded external factors and other items from their numbers.
• These figures represent provisional data for the period and individual operators' performance data may vary slightly from the full period performance report that we publishes on our website every month.
• Network Rail and the train operators run more trains across Great Britain than are run in most European countries - almost 20% more than in France and 60% more than in Italy.
• Britain's 24,000 trains per-day is also more than Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Portugal and Norway combined.

Franchise changes

• Virgin Trains East Coast took over from East Coast on 1 March 2015.
• For clarity we began to report Virgin Trains as Virgin Trains West Coast from 1 March 2015.
• Caledonian Sleeper took over sleeper services from First ScotRail on 31 March 2015.
• ScotRail took over from First ScotRail on 1 April 2015.
• TfL Rail took over the London Liverpool Street to Shenfield metro services from Abellio Greater Anglia on 31 May 2015
• London Overground took over the London Liverpool Street to Enfield Town/Cheshunt/Chingford services as well as the Romford to Upminster service from Abellio Greater Anglia on 31 May 2015
• Govia Thameslink Railway took over the Southern franchise on 26 July 2015
• First Great Western was rebranded Great Western Railway on 20 September 2015.

A breakdown of each operator's performance, known as sub-operator PPM, is available to download:

Sub-operator PPM, period 8 2015/16

Cancellation and significant lateness (CaSL)

A train is counted as being a CaSL failure if:

• It is cancelled at origin.
• It is cancelled en route.
• The originating station is changed.
• It fails to make a scheduled stop at a station.
• It is significantly late (ie it arrives at its terminating station 30 minutes or more late).

CaSL is not a regulated measure for Scottish train operators.

The moving annual average is calculated over 365 days to 14 November 2015.

Train operating company	CaSL % Period 8, 2014/15	CaSL % Period 8, 2015/16	CaSL moving annual average (MAA)
Abellio Greater Anglia	3.2	2.9	2.7
Arriva Trains Wales	3.5	2.8	2.3
c2c Rail	1.0	1.3	1.0
Chiltern	1.7	1.3	1.4
Crosscountry	7.8	4.4	4.0
East Midlands Trains	2.7	1.9	2.0
First Hull Trains	1.1	5.8	5.1
First Transpennine Express	6.3	9.4	4.5
Govia Thameslink Railway	5.0	6.0	5.2
Grand Central	4.5	6.9	3.8
Great Western Railway	3.5	3.0	2.7
Heathrow Express	2.5	1.0	1.6
London Midland	3.9	3.0	2.9
London Overground	1.8	3.2	2.1
Merseyrail	3.1	2.1	1.8
Northern Rail	2.6	2.1	1.6
Southeastern	2.9	3.4	3.1
Stagecoach South West Trains	4.2	2.7	2.6
TfL Rail	2.4	1.9	2.4
Virgin Trains East Coast	4.5	5.9	4.6
Virgin Trains West Coast	6.3	2.9	4.5
Total England & Wales	3.6	3.4	3.0

Delay split by franchised operator

Average lateness

This measures the average lateness of a passenger as they alight from their train.

For each train, this is calculated by multiplying the number of passengers expected to alight at main stations by the punctuality to the nearest minute at those stops.

If the train is cancelled, we calculate it by multiplying the number of expected passengers by 1.5 times the service frequency on that route.

Category	Average lateness in minutes, period 8 2015/16	Average lateness in minutes, moving annual average
National	3.1	2.5
Long Distance	5.7	4.5
London & South East	2.8	2.3
Regional	2.8	1.9
Scotland	3.1	2.1
England & Wales	3.1	2.5

Right-time performance

Right-time is an unreliable measure of performance and particularly does not represent the results and experience of passengers serviced by long-distance operators who enjoy some of the very best passenger satisfaction levels in the industry.

Right-time performance measures the percentage of trains arriving at their terminating station early or within 59 seconds of schedule. The process for gathering data of this accuracy is currently not 100% reliable and the industry is working on improving the quality of this information to make right-time data more reliable.

The moving annual average is calculated over 365 days to 14 November 2015.

Train operating company	Right time % Period 8, 2014/15	Right time % Period 8, 2015/16	Right time moving annual average (MAA)
Abellio Greater Anglia	58.2	58.5	66.5
Arriva Trains Wales	79.1	79.3	84.4
c2c Rail	80.8	80.5	84.6
Caledonian Sleeper	71.8	68.3	75.5
Chiltern	84.3	81.8	84.9
Crosscountry	29.2	32.4	42.2
East Midlands Trains	57.6	61.2	72.3
First Hull Trains	50.3	35.0	51.7
First Transpennine Express	33.9	36.4	52.7
Govia Thameslink Railway	45.5	42.1	52.8
Grand Central	39.7	32.8	48.0
Great Western Railway	58.5	60.9	68.0
Heathrow Express	63.3	65.9	68.0
London Midland	53.6	57.0	63.9
London Overground	74.7	73.3	75.6
Merseyrail	62.9	59.4	70.6
Northern Rail	57.3	57.9	71.4
ScotRail	46.5	43.3	56.9
Southeastern	46.5	49.3	61.3
Stagecoach South West Trains	55.5	60.5	67.4
TfL Rail	68.2	80.5	76.9
Virgin Trains East Coast	45.7	45.2	59.6
Virgin Trains West Coast	44.2	45.5	55.1

Delay split by franchised operator

Delay split

The delay split shows who was responsible for passenger train delays of 3 minutes or more.

• Network Rail caused delays: as well as infrastructure faults this figure includes external factors such as weather, trespass, vandalism, cable theft and fatalities which account for approximately one third of the delays attributed to us and 20% of all national delays.
• Train operator caused to self: delays to a passenger train operating company's services that are caused by that company.
• Caused by other train operators: delays to a passenger train operators services that are caused by another train company.

The delay split was calculated over 365 days to 14 November 2015.

Network Rail	Train operator caused to self	Caused by other train operators
59%	28%	13%

	Attributed to Network Rail
Train operating company	Infrastructure	Operations & other eg possessions overrun	External, including weather, fatalities etc	Total	Train operators caused to self	Caused by other passenger train operators	Caused by freight train operators
Abellio Greater Anglia	32%	16%	12%	60%	29%	5%	7%
Arriva Trains Wales	21%	15%	13%	50%	37%	8%	6%
c2c Rail	19%	14%	21%	54%	42%	2%	2%
Chiltern	19%	13%	10%	43%	45%	7%	5%
Crosscountry	28%	17%	16%	61%	10%	20%	9%
East Midlands Trains	25%	17%	17%	59%	21%	13%	8%
First Hull Trains	31%	17%	20%	68%	10%	18%	3%
First Transpennine Express	24%	17%	17%	58%	16%	22%	5%
Govia Thameslink Railway	24%	24%	12%	59%	36%	3%	2%
Grand Central	31%	19%	16%	66%	11%	19%	4%
Great Western Railway	28%	20%	13%	61%	27%	5%	6%
Heathrow Express	33%	22%	8%	63%	18%	16%	4%
London Midland	27%	15%	12%	54%	29%	11%	6%
London Overground	23%	20%	11%	54%	22%	19%	5%
Merseyrail	21%	25%	16%	61%	36%	3%	0%
Northern Rail	21%	15%	15%	51%	36%	10%	3%
ScotRail	22%	17%	15%	54%	36%	6%	4%
Southeastern	26%	19%	17%	61%	33%	3%	3%
Stagecoach South West Trains	25%	25%	18%	68%	26%	3%	3%
TfL Rail	23%	21%	7%	51%	30%	16%	4%
Virgin Trains East Coast	30%	16%	19%	65%	22%	9%	3%
Virgin Trains West Coast	34%	16%	17%	67%	15%	11%	7%

Delay split by franchised operator, 18 Ocotber to 14 November 2015 (period 8)

	Attributed to Network Rail
Train operating company	Infrastructure	Operations & other eg possessions overrun	External, including weather, fatalities etc	Total	Train operators caused to self	Caused by other passenger train operators	Caused by freight train operators
Abellio Greater Anglia	29%	12%	13%	54%	35%	4%	7%
Arriva Trains Wales	19%	15%	17%	50%	38%	8%	4%
c2c Rail	19%	14%	35%	68%	30%	1%	2%
Chiltern	14%	17%	12%	42%	44%	10%	3%
Crosscountry	26%	16%	19%	60%	10%	23%	7%
East Midlands Trains	30%	14%	13%	57%	19%	17%	7%
First Hull Trains	33%	10%	18%	61%	18%	19%	2%
First Transpennine Express	20%	17%	19%	55%	21%	20%	4%
Govia Thameslink Railway	17%	36%	11%	64%	32%	3%	1%
Grand Central	36%	11%	13%	60%	14%	23%	3%
Great Western Railway	23%	18%	18%	59%	30%	6%	5%
Heathrow Express	27%	24%	6%	57%	13%	25%	4%
London Midland	18%	17%	15%	50%	33%	12%	5%
London Overground	16%	25%	11%	53%	18%	22%	8%
Merseyrail	13%	15%	35%	64%	34%	2%	0%
Northern Rail	18%	14%	21%	53%	33%	11%	3%
ScotRail	19%	14%	21%	54%	34%	6%	6%
Southeastern	20%	17%	25%	62%	33%	2%	2%
Stagecoach South West Trains	17%	28%	19%	64%	32%	3%	1%
TfL Rail	18%	13%	8%	39%	33%	25%	3%
Virgin Trains East Coast	37%	13%	13%	63%	19%	16%	3%
Virgin Trains West Coast	23%	17%	22%	62%	14%	16%	8%

How punctuality is measured

PPM measures the performance of individual trains advertised as passenger services against their planned timetable as agreed between the operator and Network Rail at 22:00 the night before. PPM is therefore the percentage of trains 'on time' compared to the total number of trains planned.

A train is defined as on time if it arrives at the destination within five minutes (ie 4 minutes 59 seconds or less) of the planned arrival time for London and South East or regional services, or 10 minutes (ie 9 minutes 59 seconds or less) for long distance services.

Where a train fails to run its entire planned route calling at all timetabled stations it will count as a PPM failure.

Note: unless specified otherwise, all data on and linked from this page is for initial indications only and is subject to change in subsequent publications.