Radiations of ecologically and morphologically differentiated sympatric species can exhibit the pattern of a burst of diversification, which might be produced by ecological divergence between populations, together with the acquisition of reproductive isolation (‘ecological speciation’). Here we suggest that this pattern could also arise if speciation precedes significant ecological differentiation (i.e. through geographical isolation and nonadaptive radiation). Subsequently, species ecologically differentiate and spread into sympatry. Alternative routes to producing ecologically differentiated sympatric species are difficult to detect in old radiations. However, nonadaptive radiations are common and might therefore regularly be responsible for currently ecologically differentiated sympatric species (e.g. among groups that are not susceptible to ecological speciation). Species evolving nonadaptively over long periods might eventually replace young, ecologically produced species.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessRead-It-Now
Purchase access to all full-text HTML articles for 6 or 36 hr at a low cost. Click here to explore this opportunity.
One-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Trends in Ecology & Evolution
Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
-
Adaptive radiation.in: Levin S.A. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Academic Press, 2001: 25-44
-
Adaptive radiation and molecular systematics: issues and approaches.in: Givnish T.J. Sytsma K.J. Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, 1997: 1-54
-
How and Why Species Multiply.Princeton University Press, 2008
-
Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree.University of California Press, 2009
-
Ecological speciation.Ecol. Lett. 2005; 8: 336-352
-
Evidence for ecological speciation and its alternative.Science. 2009; 323: 737-741
-
Speciation in Birds.Roberts and Company, 2008
-
Density-dependent cladogenesis in birds.PLoS Biol. 2008; 6: e71
-
Adaptive radiation: contrasting theory with data.Science. 2009; 323: 732-737
-
What about non-adaptive radiation?.Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1991; 43: 263-272
-
The superspecies concept.Syst. Zool. 1966; 15: 245-249
-
Land snails on Porto Santo: adaptive and non-adaptive radiation.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1996; 351: 309-327
-
Species richness in Madeiran land snails, and its causes.J. Biogeogr. 2008; 35: 647-653
-
Rapid lineage accumulation in a non-adaptive radiation: phylogenetic analysis of diversification rates in eastern North American woodland salamanders (Plethodontidae: Plethodon).Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2006; 273: 539-546
-
Problems with species: patterns and processes of species formation in salamanders.Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2006; 93: 8-23
-
Phylogenetic analysis of ecological and morphological diversification in Hispaniolan trunk-ground anoles (Anolis cybotes group).Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 2003; 57: 2383-2397
-
Plant speciation in continental island floras as exemplified by Nigella in the Aegean Archipelago.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2008; 363: 3083-3096
-
Competitive displacement among insects and arachnids.Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2002; 47: 435-465
-
Ecological and reproductive character displacement of an environmental gradient.Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 2006; 60: 1344-1357
-
Evolutionary regulation of the blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax, revealed by genome-wide gene expression.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005; 102: 17047-17052
Moore, W.S. and Price, J.T. (1993) Nature of selection in the northern flicker hybrid zone and its implication for speciation theory. In Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process (Harrison, R.G., ed.), pp. 196–225, Oxford University Press.
-
The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography.Princeton University Press, 2001
-
Coexistence of the niche and neutral perspectives in community ecology.Ecology. 2006; 87: 1399-1410
-
Population ecology of some warblers of northeastern coniferous forests.Ecology. 1958; 39: 599-619
-
DNA barcodes and cryptic species of skipper butterflies in the genus Perichares in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008; 105: 6350-6355
-
Determination of species composition in the Enallagma damselfly assemblages of permanent lakes.Ecology. 1990; 71: 83-98
-
Parallel evolution in ecological and reproductive traits to produce cryptic damselfly species across the Holarctic.Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 2005; 59: 1976-1988
-
Quaternary radiations of three damselfly clades across the Holarctic.Am. Nat. 2005; 165: E78-E107
-
Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation.Trends Ecol. Evol. 2009; 24: 145-156
-
Ecological speciation in Gambusia fishes.Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 2007; 61: 2056-2074
-
The speed of ecological speciation.Funct. Ecol. 2007; 21: 455-464
-
Conservation: losing biodiversity by reverse speciation.Curr. Biol. 2006; 16: R334-R337
-
Explosive speciation in the New World Dendroica warblers.Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1999; 266: 1629-1636
-
Community assembly through adaptive radiation in Hawaiian spiders.Science. 2004; 303: 356-359
-
Hawaiian spiders of the genus Tetragnatha: IV. New, small species in the spiny leg clade.J. Arachnol. 2002; 30: 159-172
-
Origin and diversification of the endemic Hawaiian tree snails (Achatinellidae: Achatinellinae) based on molecular evidence.Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2004; 32: 588-600
-
Changes in call and plumage color drives premating isolation between two populations of endemic flycatchers in the Solomon Islands.Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 2009; 63: 153-164
-
The calmodulin pathway and evolution of elongated beak morphology in Darwin's finches.Nature. 2006; 442: 563-567
-
Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004; 101: 11040-11045
-
Continental and insular speciation in Pacific land birds.Syst. Zool. 1977; 26: 263-268
-
Clade-specific morphological diversification and adaptive radiation in Hawaiian songbirds.Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2002; 269: 37-42
-
Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in Darwin's finches and their relatives.Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 2002; 56: 1240-1252
-
Beaks, adaptation, and vocal evolution in Darwin's finches.Bioscience. 2004; 54: 501-510
-
Habitat selection and ecological speciation in Galápagos warbler finches (Certhidea olivacea and Certhidea fusca).Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2005; 272: 819-826
-
Divergent selection drives the adaptive radiation of crossbills.Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 2003; 57: 1176-1181
-
The imprint of history on communities of North American and Asian warblers.Am. Nat. 2000; 156: 354-367
-
The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation.Oxford University Press, 2000
Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 30, 2009
Identification
Copyright
© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
