ADDRESS OF R. L. STEVENSON TO THE CHIEFS ON THE OPENING OF THE ROAD OF GRATITUDE, OCTOBER 1894

Mr. Stevenson said, “We are met together to-day to celebrate an event and to do honour to certain chiefs, my friends, ­Lelei, Mataafa, Salevao, Poè, Teleso, Tupuola Lotofaga, Tupuola Amaile, Muliaiga, Ifopo, and Fatialofa.  You are all aware in some degree of what has happened.  You know these chiefs to have been prisoners; you perhaps know that during the term of their confinement I had it in my power to do them certain favours.  One thing some of you cannot know, that they were immediately repaid by answering attentions.  They were liberated by the new administration; by the King, and the Chief Justice, and the Ta’its’ifono, who are here amongst us to-day, and to whom we all desire to tender our renewed and perpetual gratitude for that favour.  As soon as they were free men ­owing no man anything ­instead of going home to their own places and families, they came to me; they offered to do this work for me as a free gift, without hire, without supplies, and I was tempted at first to refuse their offer.  I knew the country to be poor, I knew famine threatening; I knew their families long disorganised for want of supervision.  Yet I accepted, because I thought the lesson of that road might be more useful to Samoa than a thousand breadfruit trees; and because to myself it was an exquisite pleasure to receive that which was so handsomely offered.  It is now done; you have trod it to-day in coming hither.  It has been made for me by chiefs; some of them old, some sick, all newly delivered from a harassing confinement, and in spite of weather unusually hot and insalubrious.  I have seen these chiefs labour valiantly with their own hands upon the work, and I have set up over it, now that it is finished, the name of ’The Road of Gratitude’ (the road of loving hearts) and the names of those that built it.  ‘In perpetuam memoriam,’ we say, and speak idly.  At least so long as my own life shall be spared, it shall be here perpetuated; partly for my pleasure and in my gratitude; partly for others; to continually publish the lesson of this road.”

Addressing himself to the chiefs, Mr. Stevenson then said: ­

“I will tell you, Chiefs, that, when I saw you working on that road, my heart grew warm; not with gratitude only, but with hope.  It seemed to me that I read the promise of something good for Samoa:  it seemed to me, as I looked at you, that you were a company of warriors in a battle, fighting for the defence of our common country against all aggression.  For there is a time to fight, and a time to dig.  You Samoans may fight, you may conquer twenty times, and thirty times, and all will be in vain.  There is but one way to defend Samoa.  Hear it before it is too late.  It is to make roads, and gardens, and care for your trees, and sell their produce wisely, and, in one word, to occupy and use your country.  If you do not, others will.”

The speaker then referred to the Parable of the Talents, Matt. xx-30, and continuing, impressively asked:  “What are you doing with your talent, Samoa?  Your three talents, Savaii, Upolu, and Tutuila?  Have you buried it in a napkin?  Not Upolu at least.  You have rather given it out to be trodden under feet of swine:  and the swine cut down food trees and burn houses, according to the nature of swine, or of that much worse animal, foolish man, acting according to his folly.  ’Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strawed.’  But God has both sown and strawed for you here in Samoa; He has given you a rich soil, a splendid sun, copious rain; all is ready to your hand, half done.  And I repeat to you that thing which is sure:  if you do not occupy and use your country, others will.  It will not continue to be yours or your children’s, if you occupy it for nothing.  You and your children will in that case be cast out into outer darkness, where shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth; for that is the law of God which passeth not away.  I who speak to you have seen these things.  I have seen them with my eyes ­these judgments of God.  I have seen them in Ireland, and I have seen them in the mountains of my own country ­Scotland ­and my heart was sad.  These were a fine people in the past ­brave, gay, faithful, and very much like Samoans, except in one particular, that they were much wiser and better at that business of fighting of which you think so much.  But the time came to them as it now comes to you, and it did not find them ready.  The messenger came into their villages, and they did not know him; they were told, as you are told, to use and occupy their country, and they would not hear.  And now you may go through great tracts of the land and scarce meet a man or a smoking house, and see nothing but sheep feeding.  The other people that I tell you of have come upon them like a foe in the night, and these are the other people’s sheep who browse upon the foundation of their houses.  To come nearer; and I have seen this judgment in Oahu also.  I have ridden there the whole day along the coast of an island.  Hour after hour went by and I saw the face of no living man except that of the guide who rode with me.  All along that desolate coast, in one bay after another, we saw, still standing, the churches that have been built by the Hawaiians of old.  There must have been many hundreds, many thousands, dwelling there in old times, and worshipping God in these now empty churches.  For to-day they were empty; the doors were closed, the villages had disappeared, the people were dead and gone; only the church stood on like a tombstone over a grave, in the midst of the white men’s sugar fields.  The other people had come and used that country, and the Hawaiians who occupied it for nothing had been swept away, ’where is weeping and gnashing of teeth.’

“I do not speak of this lightly, because I love Samoa and her people.  I love the land, I have chosen it to be my home while I live, and my grave after I am dead; and I love the people, and have chosen them to be my people to live and die with.  And I see that the day is come now of the great battle; of the great and the last opportunity by which it shall be decided whether you are to pass away like these other races of which I have been speaking, or to stand fast and have your children living on and honouring your memory in the land you received of your fathers.

“The Land Commission and the Chief Justice will soon have ended their labours.  Much of your land will be restored to you, to do what you can with.  Now is the time the messenger is come into your villages to summon you; the man is come with the measuring rod; the fire is lighted in which you shall be tried, whether you are gold or dross.  Now is the time for the true champions of Samoa to stand forth.  And who is the true champion of Samoa?  It is not the man who blackens his face, and cuts down trees, and kills pigs and wounded men.  It is the man who makes roads, who plants food trees, who gathers harvests, and is a profitable servant before the Lord, using and improving that great talent that has been given him in trust.  That is the brave soldier; that is the true champion; because all things in a country hang together like the links of the anchor cable, one by another:  but the anchor itself is industry.

“There is a friend of most of us, who is far away; not to be forgotten where I am, where Tupuola is, where Poè Lelei, Mataafa, Solevao, Poè Teleso, Tupuola Lotofaga, Tupuolo Amaile, Muliaiga, Ifopo, Fatialofa, Lemusu are.  He knew what I am telling you; no man better.  He saw the day was come when Samoa had to walk in a new path, and to be defended not only with guns and blackened faces, and the noise of men shouting, but by digging and planting, reaping and sowing.  When he was still here amongst us, he busied himself planting cacao; he was anxious and eager about agriculture and commerce, and spoke and wrote continually; so that when we turn our minds to the same matters, we may tell ourselves that we are still obeying Mataafa.  Ua tautala mai pea o ia ua mamao.

“I know that I do not speak to idle or foolish hearers.  I speak to those who are not too proud to work for gratitude.  Chiefs!  You have worked for Tusitala, and he thanks you from his heart.  In this, I could wish you could be an example to all Samoa ­I wish every chief in these islands would turn to, and work, and build roads, and sow fields, and plant food trees, and educate his children and improve his talents ­not for love of Tusitala, but for the love of his brothers, and his children, and the whole body of generations yet unborn.

“Chiefs!  On this road that you have made many feet shall follow.  The Romans were the bravest and greatest of people! mighty men of their hands, glorious fighters and conquerors.  To this day in Europe you may go through parts of the country where all is marsh and bush, and perhaps after struggling through a thicket, you shall come forth upon an ancient road, solid and useful as the day it was made.  You shall see men and women bearing their burdens along that even way, and you may tell yourself that it was built for them perhaps fifteen hundred years before, ­perhaps before the coming of Christ, ­by the Romans.  And the people still remember and bless them for that convenience, and say to one another, that as the Romans were the bravest men to fight, so they were the best at building roads.

“Chiefs!  Our road is not built to last a thousand years, yet in a sense it is.  When a road is once built, it is a strange thing how it collects traffic, how every year, as it goes on, more and more people are found to walk thereon and others are raised up to repair and perpetuate it and keep it alive; so that perhaps even this road of ours may, from reparation to reparation, continue to exist and be useful hundreds and hundreds of years after we are mingled in the dust.  And it is my hope that our far-away descendants may remember and bless those who laboured for them to-day.”