According to Japanese food writer Morieda Takashi, as of 2000, the average person in Japan ate curry more frequently than sushi or tempura. In a survey of almost 10,000 Japanese participants—which called curry “a national food of Japan”—most people reported eating curry and rice several times per month.
Japanese curry tends to be mild, thick, and sweet. Though different regions have their own variations, it’s typically served with rice and katsu, flattened cutlets of either chicken or pork.
Growing up in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, Kanayama recalls eating his mom’s curry at home. Now, at his restaurants, he dishes up curry with rice alongside tonkatsu that’s made from pork that’s cooked for eight hours before being breaded and deep fried. To date, he says, curry has been the most popular menu item at both of his restaurants.
With his take on the dish, Kanayama largely recreates what he ate growing up, leaning on the typical mix of curry spice blend, soy sauce, and honey. There are some restaurant-worthy additions like deeply-roasted onions, oyster sauce, and white wine, but he says, “We don’t want to go too far from classic mom’s style.”
Part of that traditional flavor comes from the prepackaged curry pastes. “It’s almost impossible to make [the right taste] without using that paste,” he says. The most popular mixes come from House Foods, which has been making JAVA curry and Vermont Curry—the latter named for its inclusion of apples and honey—since 1926.
Japanese curry dates back even further than that, to the late 1800s when, legend has it, curry was introduced to Japan by way of a shipwrecked British sailor picked up by a fishing boat. At least, that’s the mythologized version that Dr. Merry White, a Boston University anthropology professor whose work explores Japanese food culture, told MUNCHIES over email.
The lone sailor carrying curry is likely a apocryphal stand-in for the way the British Navy spread the spice mix to Japan. By the late 19th century, the Royal Navy had been feeding its sailors curry tailored to British tastes for years. White speculates that was because adapting English food for the high seas would have likely caused offense to British sailors, so “using a ‘foreign’ food made sense.” For that matter, it was likely also later adopted by the Japanese Imperial Navy for similar reasons: curry and rice favored no specific region of Japan, making it less likely to alienate any particular battalion.
As a result, the Brits served their sailors a curry that was “gloppy, saucy, mid-brown-orange, slightly sweet,” says White. “It was a British, not Indian, curry that came to Japan, and stayed.”
While curries could be found in Japanese restaurants as early as 1877, writes Lizzie Collingham in the book Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors, it was army mess halls where curry fully found its footing. Easily scalable for large groups, curries were a good way to incorporate meat into troops’ diets. For the same reasons, curries soon became popular in school cafeterias as well. Then, when curry mixes took premade form, home cooks readily adopted the dish for its convenience.
For Kanayama, the story of curry and Japan can’t be told without acknowledging William S. Clark, an American chemist and agriculturist who he calls, in an email, “our hero.”
After serving as president of what is now the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Clark helped establish the Sapporo Agricultural College in Japan in the late 1800s. He’s attributed with adding potatoes to the Japanese curry sauce, which according to Kanayama, helped popularize the dish in Japan.
“We need to be the Doctor Clark in New York City,” Kanayama says of his plans to revitalize the dish for an American audience.
While imports like Go! Go! Curry and CoCo Ichibanya have made inroads into American cities including New York, Los Angeles, and Boston, Kanayama thinks that most people still don’t even really know about Japanese curry. “We don’t see as many curry shops as ramen shops in New York City,” he says, “but we see big potential to make the curry a thing.”
He’ll be dishing up curry at the upcoming VICE x Smorgasburg Night Market series. But rather than ladled over rice, Kanayama is serving his curry with pork katsu and brioche-like breadsticks for dipping. While rice is classic, he thinks this preparation will be more festival friendly.
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