Speciation
"The origin of species has spawned much interest and much literature in evolutionary biology over the past two decades, but no book-length account of the new findings and theories. Coyne (U. of Chicago) and Orr (U. of Rochester) set out to fill that gap. They see the current wave of research as a third phase--after Darwin and his immediate successors' notion of gradual speciation due to ecological isolation or other factors, and the later emphasis on sudden speciation due to mutation. They begin with the reality and concepts of species and the methods of studying speciation. Then they describe the many varieties of speciation and isolation, reinforcement, selection versus drift, and macroevolution. The volume is of exceptionally high quality. Annotation 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR" -- Publisher
Print Book, English, ©2004
Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass., ©2004
xiii, 545, [2] pages of plates : illustrations (some color), maps ; 25 cm
9780878930913, 9780878930890, 0878930914, 0878930892
55078441
Species: reality and concepts : The reality of species : Sexually reproducing eukaryotic taxa ; Groups with little to no sexual reproduction ; Conclusions. Species concepts : The biological species concept (BSC) ; Advantages of the BSC ; Problems with the BSC ; Other species concepts. Why are there species?
Studying speciation : The problem of speciation ; Identifying and measuring reproductive isolation : Absolute strength of isolating barriers ; Relative strength of isolating barriers ; Prezygotic versus postzygotic isolation ; Which isolating barriers caused speciation?. Comparative studies of isolating barriers : How fast does reproductive isolation appear? ; Which traits promote the evolution of reproductive isolation?
Allopatric and parapatric speciation : Allopatric speciation : Vicariant speciation ; Peripatric speciation. Parapatric speciation : Theory ; Experimental evidence ; Evidence from nature. Conclusions
Sympatric speciation : Theory : Disruptive sexual selection ; Disruptive natural selection ; Conclusions. Experimental evidence ; Evidence from nature : Evidence from habitat “islands” ; Evidence from host races and host-specific species ; Allochronic (temporal) isolation in sympatry ; Comparative studies of the biogeography of speciation. Conclusions
Ecological isolation : Habitat isolation : Detecting and measuring habitat isolation ; The problem of allopatry ; Examples of habitat isolation ; Relative importance of habitat isolation ; The evolution of habitat isolation ; The genetics of habitat isolation. Pollinator (floral) isolation : Detecting and measuring pollinator isolation ; Examples of pollinator isolation ; Relative importance of pollinator isolation ; The evolution of pollinator isolation ; The evolution of pollinator isolation ; The genetics of pollinator isolation. Temporal (allochronic) isolation : Detecting and measuring temporal isolation ; Examples of temporal isolation ; Relative importance of temporal isolation ; The evolution of temporal isolation ; The genetics of temporal isolation. Conclusions
Behavioral and nonecological isolation : Mating system “isolation” ; Behavioral isolation : Detecting and measuring behavioral isolation ; Examples of behavioral isolation ; Relative importance of behavioral isolation ; The evolution of behavioral isolation ; The genetics of behavioral isolation. Mechanical isolation : Examples of mechanical isolation ; Relative importance of mechanical isolation ; The evolution of mechanical isolation ; The genetics of mechanical isolation. Gametic (postmating, prezygotic) isolation : Examples of gametic isolation ; Relative importance of gametic isolation ; The evolution of gametic isolation ; Conclusions
Postzygotic isolation : Extrinsic postzygotic isolation ; Intrinsic postzygotic isolation ; The frequency of various forms of postzygotic isolation ; The evolution of extrinsic versus intrinsic postzygotic isolation ; Genetic modes of intrinsic postzygotic isolation : Chromosomal speciation: theory ; Chromosomal speciation: data ; Genic incompatibilities ; The evolution of genic incompatibilities: the Dobzhansky-Muller model ; Mathematical models of genic speciation ; Wolbachia and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Conclusions
The genetics of postzygotic isolation : Haldane’s rule : The phenomenon ; The causes of Haldane’s rule ; Conclusions. The genetic basis of postzygotic isolation : How many genes cause postzygotic isolation? ; Complexity of hybrid incompatibilities ; Probability of hybrid incompatibilities ; Where are the genes causing postzygotic isolation? ; Developmental basis of postzygotic isolation ; Are duplicate genes important? ; Which genes cause postzygotic isolation?
Polyploidy and hybrid speciation : Polyploidy : Classification ; Pathways to polyploidy ; Incidence ; Frequency of auto- versus allopolyploidy ; Ecology and persistence ; Why is polyploidy rarer in animals than in plants?. Recombinational speciation : What is recombinational speciation? ; Theory ; The data: frequency and artificial hybrids ; The data: natural recombinational speciation ; The data meet the theory
Reinforcement : The data : Selection experiments ; Evidence from nature: case studies ; Evidence from nature: comparative studies ; Reinforcement of postzygotic isolation. The theory : Early enthusiasm ; Objections to reinforcement ; The revival of reinforcement. Alternative explanations : Publication bias ; Differential fusion ; Direct ecological effects ; Ecological character displacement ; Runaway sexual selection ; Sympatric speciation. Distinguishing the alternatives
Selection versus drift : Speciation by selection : Natural selection ; Sexual selection ; Mathematical theories of selection-based speciation. Speciation by drift : Peak shift models. Theoretical criticisms ; Recent peak shift models ; The data : Evidence from the laboratory ; Evidence from nature. Conclusions
Speciation and macroevolution : Rates of speciation : What is a speciation rate? ; Theory and speciation rates ; Calculating speciation intervals ; Extreme rates of speciation ; What is the effect of biogeography? ; Conclusions. Factors affecting speciation rates : Tests for the effects of key factors ; Distinguishing speciation from extinction ; The data ; Conclusions. Species selection
Appendix: a catalogue and critique of species concepts : Genotypic cluster species concept ; Recognition species concept ; Cohesion species concept ; Evolutionary species concept ; Ecological species concept ; Phylogenetic species concept