Location |
Period |
Type of Force |
Comments on U.S. Role |
Argentina |
1890 |
Troops |
Buenos Aires interests protected |
Chile |
1891 |
Troops |
Marines clash with nationalist rebels |
Haiti |
1891 |
Troops |
Black workers revolt on U.S.-claimed Navassa Island defeated |
Nicaragua |
1894 |
Troops |
Month-long occupation of Bluefields |
Panama |
1895 |
Naval, troops |
Marines land in Colombian province |
Nicaragua |
1896 |
Troops |
Marines land in port of Corinto |
Cuba |
1898- |
Naval, troops |
Seized from Spain, U.S. still holds Navy base at Guantanamo |
Puerto Rico |
1898- |
Naval, troops |
Seized from Spain, occupation continues |
Nicaragua |
1898 |
Troops |
Marines land at port of San Juan del Sur |
Nicaragua |
1899 |
Troops |
Marines land at port of Bluefields |
Honduras |
1903 |
Troops |
Marines intervene in revolution |
Dominican Republic |
1903-04 |
Troops |
U.S. interests protected in Revolution |
Cuba |
1906-09 |
Troops |
Marines land in democratic election |
Nicaragua |
1907 |
Troops |
"Dollar Diplomacy" protectorate set up |
Honduras |
1907 |
Troops |
Marines land during war with Nicaragua |
Panama |
1908 |
Troops |
Marines intervene in election contest |
Nicaragua |
1910 |
Troops |
Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto |
Honduras |
1911 |
Troops |
U.S. interests protected in civil war |
Cuba |
1912 |
Troops |
U.S. interests protected in Havana |
Panama |
1912 |
Troops |
Marines land during heated election |
Honduras |
1912 |
Troops |
Marines protect U.S. economic interests |
Nicaragua |
1912-33 |
Troops, bombing |
20-year occupation, fought guerrillas |
Mexico |
1913 |
Naval |
Americans evacuated during revolution |
Dominican Republic |
1914 |
Naval |
Fight with rebels over Santo Domingo |
Mexico |
1914-18 |
Naval, troops |
Series of interventions against nationalists |
Haiti |
1914-34 |
Troops, bombing |
19-year occupation after revolts |
Dominican Republic |
1916-24 |
Troops |
8-year Marine occupation |
Cuba |
1917-33 |
Troops |
Military occupation, economic protectorate |
Panama |
1918-20 |
Troops |
"Police duty" during unrest after elections |
Honduras |
1919 |
Troops |
Marines land during election campaign |
Guatemala |
1920 |
Troops |
2-week intervention against unionists |
Costa Rica |
1921 |
Troops |
|
Panama |
1921 |
Troops |
|
Honduras |
1924-25 |
Troops |
Landed twice during election strife |
Panama |
1925 |
Troops |
Marines suppress general strike |
El Salvador |
1932 |
Naval |
Warships sent during Faribundo Marti revolt |
Uruguay |
1947 |
Nuclear threat |
Bombers deployed as show of strength |
Puerto Rico |
1950 |
Command operation |
Independence rebellion crushed in Ponce |
Guatemala |
1954-? |
Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat |
CIA directs exile invasion and coup d'Etat after newly elected government nationalizes unused U.S.'s United Fruit Company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua; long-term result: 200,000 murdered |
Panama |
1958 |
Troops |
Flag protests erupt into confrontation |
Cuba |
1961 |
Command operation |
CIA-directed exile invasion fails |
Cuba |
1962 |
Nuclear threat, naval |
Blockade during missile crisis; near-war with Soviet Union |
Panama |
1964 |
Troops |
Panamanians shot for urging canal's return |
Dominican Republic |
1965-66 |
Troops, bombing |
Marines land during election campaign |
Guatemala |
1966-67 |
Command operation |
Green Berets intervene against rebels |
Chile |
1973 |
Command operation |
CIA-backed coup ousts democratically elected Marxist president |
El Salvador |
1981-92 |
Command operation, troops |
Advisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash; long-term result: 75,000 murdered and destruction of popular movement |
Nicaragua |
1981-90 |
Command operation, naval |
CIA directs exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against revolution; result: 50,000 murdered |
Honduras |
1982-90 |
Troops |
Maneuvers help build bases near borders |
Grenada |
1983-84 |
Troops, bombing |
Invasion four years after revolution |
Bolivia |
1987 |
Troops |
Army assists raids on cocaine region |
Panama |
1989 |
Troops, bombing |
Nationalist government ousted by 27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed |
Haiti |
1994-95 |
Troops, naval |
Blockade against military government; troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup |
Venezuela |
2002 |
Command operation |
Failed coup attempt to remove left-populist president Hugo Chavez |
Haiti |
2004- |
Troops |
Removal of democratically elected President Aristide; troops occupy country |
Honduras |
2009 |
Command operation |
Support for coup that removed president Manuel Zelaya |
Sources: Blum, William. Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventionism Since World War II. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1995. Ege & Makhijani. "180 Landings by the U.S. Marine Corps" (History Division), Counterspy (July-Aug. 1982). Foreign Affairs Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Instances of Use of Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2020. CRS Report for Congress, 2020. Grossman, Zoltan. Over a Century of U.S. Military Interventions. Self-published, revised Jan. 1, 1995. Sklar, Holly. "Who's Who: Invading 'Our' Hemisphere 1831-," Z Magazine (Feb. 1990). U.S. Congress, Committee on Foreign Affairs' Report. Background Information on the Use of United States Armed Forces in Foreign Countries. Washington, D.C.: 91st Congress, 2nd Session, 1970. Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Perennial Library, Harper & Row, 1980. Also see Zoltan Grossman, From Wounded Knee to Iraq (A Chronology of U.S. Imperialism)
Please send any suggestions, comments, corrections, additions, etc. to Marc Becker at marc@yachana.org. Last updated: 2011
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