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Aviation History
1994
1994 - 2396.PDF
M£ALJL]JX]~£> F-15E awaits software evaluation before lifting of flight restrictions USAF/MDC test F-15E spin cure GUY NORRIS/BEVERLEY HILLS THE US AIR Force and McDonnell Douglas (MDC) are working on an urgent han dling-improvement programme for the F-15E. The programme is known as "Keep Eagle" and was launched after two aircraft crashed after spinning and squadrons began to report numer ous departures at or above 20° angles-of-attack (AoA). Details of Keep Eagle are only now beginning to emerge, even though the F-15 combined test force at Edwards AFB, California, has been engaged on the pro gramme since late 1992. The resulting improved flight-control software, known as Version 7, was released in August for evaluation. It is believed that the current 20° AoA limit on F-lSEs could be lift ed for air-to-air operations, if the new software meets expectations. Although early versions of the F-15 were shown to be basically spin-resistant during tests begin ning in 1975, the enormous increase in aircraft gross weight of the E version, to almost 37,OOOkg, produces some different flying characteristics. The F-15A had a maximum take of weight of just over 18,000kg. The E also features large con- formal fuel tanks, providing a mount for stub weapon pylons and a slightly larger rear-canopy bow to provide space for a weapons-systems officer. Windtunnel testing at NASA Langley and a rotary-balance site in Germany showed the F-15E forebody produced a yawing effect and that the conformal tanks were de-stabilising in roll. Tests showed that the stub pylons did not seem to affect the aircraft's spin characteristics. MDC developed new control- system feedbacks to increase sta bility and new control paths to improve handling above 20° AoA. These include a direct electric link to control differential stabilators with rudder pedals. The different control run is scheduled by higher AoA and, when the aircraft is at high AoA, the direct electric link can deflect each stabilator by up to 32° in opposite directions — compared with 12° on the current aircraft. Full-envelope testing of the improved FCS software and con trol links began in late August fol lowing the fitting of a anti-spin parachute to the test aircraft. Once assessment of Version 7 has been completed and the AoA limit lifted, the test team will begin assessing the benefit of the changes to an F-15E with LANTIRN pods and in other air- to-ground configurations. 2 See SETP Report, PI 6. Transcript reveals cockpit anarchy THE PRELIMINARY report into the March crash of an Aeroflot Airbus A310 after a child took the controls leaves open the cause of the accident, although the transcript of the cockpit-voice recording leaves no doubt that the flightcrew broke all the rules of safe flightdeck procedure. All 75 passengers and crew died in the accident. The report, by the Russian Aviation Committee (MAK), has not been made public, but details of it, and of the flight- deck communications, have appeared in a Russian official newspaper, Rossiyskiye Vesti. An expert involved in die investi gation, Vsevolod Ovcharov, who is a test pilot and a senior member of MAK, told the paper diat "...there is no clearly defined single cause of the tragedy...there are main and secondary causes, but they are tied togedier so closely that it is impos sible to set them apart". He admits however, that the presence of unau thorised persons in die cockpit was a "formal violation of our flight procedures", but claims diat chil dren in die cockpit "...just drew die captain's attention from piloting the aircraft". The transcript shows that Capt Yaroslav Kudrinsky's 12-year-old daughter and 16-year-old son were in his seat at various times. A third pilot, a passenger on the flight, was also in the cockpit. The transcript in the run-up to the crash is as follows: Eldar (son): Can I turn this? Capt: What? Eldar: The wheel? Capt: Yes. If you turn it left, where will the plane go? Eldar: Left. Capt: Turn it! Watch the ground as you turn. Let's go left. Is the plane turning? Eldar: Great! Capt: Is it turning? Is the plane turning left? Eldar: Yes, it is. One of the pilots: Set the hori zon right for him. (Conversation between Capt and daughter) Eldar: Why is it turning? Capt: It's turning by itself? Eldar: Yes! Unidentified co-pilot: Hey guys! Capt: Hold on, hold the wheel, hold it. To the left! To the left! To the right! Co-pilot: To the other side! Eldar: I am turning it left! The pilot tells his son to "...crawl back! Get away", repeat ing the last instruction 12 times. The boy was apparently unable to move because of the g force caused by the steeply turning aircraft. He then pushed the right rudder pedal as die pilot tried to free him, putting the Airbus into a spin, from which the pilot recovered, but too low to prevent die crash. • Shuttle astronaut tries SAFER backpack ASTRONAUT MARK LEE floats untethered from the Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery during a spacewalk on 16 September to evaluate the small gas-thruster rescue backpack, the SAFER. Lee and fellow astronaut Carl Meade took turns to use the backpack to simulate scenarios in which an astronaut would accidentally float free during a spacewalk. The 6h 5 lmin space- walk during the STS64 mission was the first in which astro nauts have flown untethered since November 1984, with the last flight of the much larger Manned Manoeuvring Unit. FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 5 - 11 October 1994 5
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