Formed in 2009, the Archive Team (not to be confused with the archive.org Archive-It Team) is a rogue archivist collective dedicated to saving copies of rapidly dying or deleted websites for the sake of history and digital heritage. The group is 100% composed of volunteers and interested parties, and has expanded into a large amount of related projects for saving online and digital history.
- CitationsCitations674
- ReferencesReferences212
-
- "In nature, foods are often patchily distributed. Investigations of optimal foraging theory (Pyke, 1984) have largely focused on energy budgets, i.e. caloric intake and expenditure (Stephens and Krebs, 1986), but have concentrated less on whether animals attained a balanced or optimal consumption of specific nutrients. Typically, there are both energetic costs and predation risk associated with high foraging effort, which is often required to locate food sources that may be patchily distributed in the environment (Kennedy and Gray, 1993). "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: The German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) is an excellent model omnivore for studying the effect of foraging effort on nutrient balancing behavior and physiology, and its consequences for performance. We investigated the effect of foraging distance on individual German cockroaches by providing two foods differing in protein-to-carbohydrate ratio at opposite ends of long containers or adjacent to each other in short containers. Each food was nutritionally imbalanced, but the two foods were nutritionally complementary, allowing optimal foraging by selective feeding from both foods. We measured nutrient-specific consumption in fifth instar nymphs and newly eclosed females foraging at the two distances, hypothesizing that individuals foraging over longer distance would select more carbohydrate-biased diets to compensate for the energetic cost of locomotion. We then determined dry mass growth and lipid accumulation in the nymphs as well as mass gain and the length of basal oocytes in the adult females as an estimate of sexual maturation. Nymphs foraging over longer distance accumulated less lipid relative to total dry mass growth, but contrary to our predictions their protein intake was higher and they accumulated more structural mass. In concordance, adult females foraging over longer distance gained more body mass and matured their oocytes faster. Our results show a positive effect of foraging distance on fitness-related parameters at two life stages, in both cases involving increased consumption of specific nutrients corresponding to requirements at the respective life stage. -
- "How animals enhance survival and fitness by optimizing resource acquisition and utilization is a central question that spans the disciplines of physiology, behavior, evolution, and ecology (Charnov 1976, Pyke 1984, Smith 1978). The study of foraging energetics requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and processes that determine prey selection, predator-prey interactions, and feeding performance (Mori 1998Mori , 2002). "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Baleen whales are gigantic obligate filter feeders that exploit aggregations of small-bodied prey in littoral, epipelagic, and mesopelagic ecosystems. At the extreme of maximum body size observed among mammals, baleen whales exhibit a unique combination of high overall energetic demands and low mass-specific metabolic rates. As a result, most baleen whale species have evolved filter-feeding mechanisms and foraging strategies that take advantage of seasonally abundant yet patchily and ephemerally distributed prey resources. New methodologies consisting of multi-sensor tags, active acoustic prey mapping, and hydrodynamic modeling have revolutionized our ability to study the physiology and ecology of baleen whale feeding mechanisms. Here, we review the current state of the field by exploring several hypotheses that aim to explain how baleen whales feed. Despite significant advances, major questions remain about the processes that underlie these extreme feeding mechanisms, which enabled the evolution of the largest animals of all time. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Marine Science Volume 9 is January 03, 2017. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates. -
- "Meanwhile, interaction of Franciscana dolphins with fisheries does not imply an economic loss for fishermen but a threat to the species (incidental capture) (Franco-Trecu et al., 2009). Studies of diet composition based on scat and stable isotopes analyses showed that the two otariid species, considered central place foragers (Pyke, 1984; Stephens and Krebs, 1986), consume different main prey species (Franco-Trecu et al., 2013). As for the Franciscana dolphin, the only species among the five species of river dolphins worldwide to inhabit marine and estuarine waters, little is known about its feeding habits in Uruguayan estuary waters, and available information comes from studies performed in the 80's (Praderi, 1985; Praderi et al., 1989). "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: The trophic level and ecological role of species in the ecosystem are determined by their feeding habits. While the trophic level and niche width are characteristic at population level, trophic overlap indicates the interaction between populations of a community. Three apex predators coexist in Uruguayan waters: Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), South American sea lion (SASL, Otaria flavescens) and South American fur seal (SAFS, Arctocephalus australis). The two otariids consume different main prey species and have different isotopic niche, whereas feeding habits of Franciscana dolphin in Uruguayan waters remain practically unknown. This study aimed to determine Franciscana diet composition by stomach content and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analyses, and to assess trophic overlap in diet composition as well as in isotopic niche space among the three apex predators. Diet composition of each species was estimated by Bayesian mixing models with prior information on the diet of predators. Moreover, Bayesian ellipses were used to define the isotopic niche space and overlap among the three species. Diets among predators varied: diet of SAFS was composed mainly by a few pelagic prey species, diet of SASL was more diverse and included pelagic and benthic preys, and for Franciscana dolphin the diet was mainly composed by coastal prey species. The SAFS had the largest isotopic niche area compared to the Franciscana and the SASL. The isotopic niche of the SASL did not overlap with those of the other two species. Although the Franciscana and the SAFS overlap in isotopic space, they do not overlap in feeding areas; this is because particulate organic matter δ13C values increase from inner Rio de la Plata to the estuary and the Atlantic Coast. Here, the relevance of using different sources of information to reach strong conclusions about feeding habits of marine predators and about co-use of resources is shown, mainly in environments where variation in δ13C can be related to diverse reasons.
People who read this publication also read
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.
This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving.
Learn more