Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Research article
First published online February 7, 2022

A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a School-Based Prescription Opioid Misuse Education Program

Abstract

The use of prescription opioids is a matter of concern among academics and practitioners, but there remains a lack of programming to target this issue. One program, This Is (Not) About Drugs (TINAD), is intended to address part of this need by altering youth perceptions of the risks associated prescription opioid misuse as well as heroin. This study presents results from a quasi-experimental evaluation of TINAD. Propensity score matching techniques were used to account for selection effects across treatment and comparison groups. Program participants demonstrated increases in understanding of the similarities between prescription opioids and heroin and the risks associated with prescription opioid misuse. While these results are promising, TINAD requires a more rigorous evaluation of its effectiveness.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

Abadie A., Imbens G. W. (2016). Matching on the estimated propensity score. Econometrica, 84(2), 781–807. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA11293
Ali B., Fisher D. A., Miller T. R., Lawrence B. A., Spicer R. S., Swedler D. I., Allison J. (2019). Trends in drug poisoning deaths among adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2006-2015. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 80(2), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2019.80.201
Babor T. F., McRee B. G., Kassebaum P. A., Grimaldi P. L., Ahmend K., Bray J. (2007). Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT): Toward a public health approach to the management of substance abuse. Substance Abuse, 28(3), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1300/J465v28n03_03
Bacon T. P., Hall B. W., Ferron J. M. (2013). One-year study of the effects of the Too Good for Drugs prevention program on middle school students. http://www.rprdm.org/Teacher%20forms/Research_Summary_TGFD_Middle_Study_2013_March.pdf.
Beets M. W., Flay B. R., Vuchinich S., Snyder F. J., Acock A., Kin-KIt L., Burns K., Washburn I. J., Durlak J. (2009). Use of a social and character development program to prevent substance use, violent behaviors, and sexual activity among elementary-school students in Hawaii. American Journal of Public Health, 99(8), 1438–1445. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.142919
Botvin G. J., Griffin K. W., Diaz T., Scheier L. M., Williams C., Epstein J. (2000). Preventing illicit drug use in adolescents: Long-term follow-up data from a randomized control trial of a school population. Addictive Behaviors, 25(5), 769–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(99)00050-7
Boyd C. J., McCabe S. E., Cranford J. A., Young A. (2006a). Adolescents’ motivations to abuse prescription medications. Pediatrics, 118(6), 2472–2480. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1644
Boyd C. J., McCabe S. E., Teter C. (2006b). Medical and nonmedical use of prescription pain medication by youth in a detroit-area public school district. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 81(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.017
Carson D. (2019). Quasi-experimental evaluation of TINAD overdose lifeline this is Not about drugs program. Indiana University Public Policy Institute.
Cheeks J. M., Briggs S. R. (2013). Aspects of identity questionnaire (AIQ-IV): Measurement Instrument Database for the Social Science.
Compton W. M., Jones C. M., Baldwin G. T., Harding F. M., Blanco C., Wargo E. M. (2019). Targeting youth to prevent later substance use disorder: An underutilized response to the US opioid crisis. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S3), S185–SS89. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305020
Compton W. M., Volkow N. D. (2006). Abuse of prescription drugs and the risk of addiction. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83(S1), S4–S7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.020
Crowley D. M., Jones D. E., Coffman D. L., Greenberg M. T. (2014). Can we build an efficient response to the prescription drug abuse epidemic? Assessing the cost effectiveness of universal prevention in the PROSPER trial. Preventative Medicine, 62, 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.01.029
DuRant R. H., Smith J. A., Kreiter S. R., Krowchuk D. P. (1999). The relationship between early age of onset of initial substance use and sexual risk-taking behavior. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153(3), 250–255. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.153.3.286
Esbensen F.-A., Peterson D., Taylor T. J., Freng A. (2010). Youth violence: Sex and race differences in offending, victimization, and gang membership. Temple University Press.
Gaither J. R., Leventhal J. M., Ryan S. A., Camenga D. R. (2016). National trends in hospitalizations for opioid poisonings among children and adolescents, 1997-2012. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(12), 195–1201. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2154
Greenwood P. W. (2006). Changing lives: Delinquency prevention as crime-control policy. University of Chicago Press.
Greenwood P. W., Welsh B. C. (2012). Promoting evidence-based practice in delinquency prevention at the state level: Principles, progress, and policy direction. Criminology & Public Policy, 11(3), 493–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00826.x
Guy G. P., Zhang K., Bohm M. K., Losby J., Lewis B., Young R., Murphy L. B., Dowell D. (2017). Vital signs: Changes in opioid prescribing in the United States, 2006-2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66(26), 697–704. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6626a4
Hair J., Joseph F., Black W. C., Babin B. J., Anderson R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall.
Handley M. A., Lyles C. R., McCulloch C., Cattamanchi A. (2018). Selecting and improving quasi-experimental designs in effectiveness and implementation research. Annual Review of Public Health, 39(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014128
Ho J. Y. (2019). The contemporary American drug overdose epidemic in international perspective. Population and Development Review, 45(1), 7–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12228
Hudgins J. D., Porter J. J., Monuteaux M. C., Bourgeois F. T. (2019). Prescription opioid use and misuse among adolescents and young adults in the United States: A national survey study. PLoS Medicine, 16(11), e1002922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002922
Huizinga D., Esbensen F.-A., Weiher A. W. (1991). Are there multiple paths to delinquency? Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 82(1), 83–118. https://doi.org/10.2307/1143790
Keyes K. M., Cerda M., Brady J. E., Havens J. R., Galea S. (2014). Understanding the rural-urban differences in nonmedical prescription opioid use and abuse in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), e52–e59. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301709
Lankenau S., Teti M., Silva K., Bloom J. J., Harocopos A., Treese M. (2012). Initiation into prescription opioid misuse amongst young injection drug users. International Journal of Drug Policy, 23(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.05.014
Leuven E., Sianesi B. (2003). PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing.
Lewis K. M., Bavarian N., Snyder F. J., Acock A., Day J., DuBois D. L., Ji P., Schure M. B., Silverthorn N., Vuchinich S., Flay B. R. (2012). Direct and mediated effects of a social-emotional and character development program on adolescent substance use. International Journal of Emotional Education, 4(1), 46–78.
McCabe S. E. (2011). Medical misuse of controlled medications among adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 165(8), 739. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.114
Miech R., Johnston L. D., O'Malley P. M., Keyes K. M., Heard K. (2015). Prescription opioids in adolescence and future opioid misuse. Pediatrics, 136(5), e1169–e1177. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1364
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): Misuse of Prescription Drugs (2018). https://www.drugabuse.gov/node/pdf/2609/misuse-of-prescription-drugs.
Spoth R., Clair S., Shin C., Redmond C. (2006). Long-term effects of universal preventive interventions on methamphetamine use among adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 160(9), 876–882. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.9.876
Spoth R., Redmond C., Chin C., Azevedo K. (2004). Brief family intervention effects on adolescent substance initiation: School-level growth curve analyses 6 years following baseline. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(3), 535–542. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.535
Spoth R., Redmond C., Shin C., Greenberg M., Clair S., Feinberg M. (2007). Substance-use outcomes at 18 months past baseline: The PROSPER community-university partnership trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(5), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.014
Spoth R., Trudeau L., Shin C., Ralston E., Redmond C., Greenberg M., Feinberg M. (2013). Longitudinal effects of universal preventive intervention on prescription drug misuse: Three randomized controlled trials with late adolescents and young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 103(4), 665–672. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301209
Spoth R., Trudeau L., Shin C., Redmond C. (2008). Long-term effects of universal preventive interventions on prescription drug misuse. Addiction, 103(7), 1160–1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02160.x
Sussman S., Pentz M. A., Spruijt-Metz D., Miller T. (2006). Misuse of "study drugs:" Prevalence, consequences, and implications for policy. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 1(15), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-1-15
Tapert S. F., Aarons G. A., Sedler G. R., Brown S. A. (2001). Adolescent substance use and sexual risk-taking behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 28(3), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00169-5
Twombly E. C., Holtz K. D. (2008). Teens and the misuse of prescription drugs: Evidence-based recommendations to curb a growing societal problem. Journal of Primary Prevention, 29(6), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-008-0157-5
Twombly E. C., Holtz K. D., Agnew C. B. (2011). Resonant messages to prevent prescription drug misuse by teens. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 55(1), 38–52.
Warner M., Chen L. H., Makuc D. M., Anderson R. N., Minino A. M. (2011). Drug poisoning deaths in the United States, 1980-2008. (NCHS Data Brief no. 81). National Center for Health Statistics.
Wilson N., Kariisa M., Seth P., Smith H., Davis N. L. (2020). Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths — United States, 2017–2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(11), 290–297.

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK
Share on social media

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published online: February 7, 2022
Issue published: September–December 2021

Keywords

  1. education
  2. prevention
  3. opioids
  4. prescription opioids
  5. heroin

Rights and permissions

© The Author(s) 2022.
Request permissions for this article.
PubMed: 35125038

Authors

Affiliations

Dena C. Carson
Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Emelyne B. Lane
Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Notes

Dena C. Carson, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 801W Michigan Street-BS 4057, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5143, USA. Email: [email protected]

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Journal of Drug Education: Substance Use Research and Prevention.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 317

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016


Articles citing this one

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

Web of Science: 0

Crossref: 0

There are no citing articles to show.

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:


Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub

Full Text

View Full Text