Glutathione Efflux and Cell Death
Publication: Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Volume 17, Issue Number 12
Abstract
Significance: Glutathione (GSH) depletion is a central signaling event that regulates the activation of cell death pathways. GSH depletion is often taken as a marker of oxidative stress and thus, as a consequence of its antioxidant properties scavenging reactive species of both oxygen and nitrogen (ROS/RNS). Recent Advances: There is increasing evidence demonstrating that GSH loss is an active phenomenon regulating the redox signaling events modulating cell death activation and progression. Critical Issues: In this work, we review the role of GSH depletion by its efflux, as an important event regulating alterations in the cellular redox balance during cell death independent from oxidative stress and ROS/RNS formation. We discuss the mechanisms involved in GSH efflux during cell death progression and the redox signaling events by which GSH depletion regulates the activation of the cell death machinery. Future Directions: The evidence summarized here clearly places GSH transport as a central mechanism mediating redox signaling during cell death progression. Future studies should be directed toward identifying the molecular identity of GSH transporters mediating GSH extrusion during cell death, and addressing the lack of sensitive approaches to quantify GSH efflux. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 17, 1694–1713.
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Published In
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Volume 17 • Issue Number 12 • December 15, 2012
Pages: 1694 - 1713
PubMed: 22656858
Copyright
Copyright 2012, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
History
Published in print: December 15, 2012
Published online: 17 October 2012
Published ahead of print: 16 July 2012
Published ahead of production: 2 June 2012
Accepted: 2 June 2012
Revision received: 25 May 2012
Received: 31 January 2012
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