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Identification of the A and C genomes of amphidiploid Brassica napus (oilseed rape)

Publication: Genome
December 1995

Abstract

A genetic linkage map consisting of 399 RFLP-defined loci was generated from a cross between resynthesized Brassica napus (an interspecific B. rapa × B. oleracea hybrid) and "natural" oilseed rape. The majority of loci exhibited disomic inheritance of parental alleles demonstrating that B. rapa chromosomes were each pairing exclusively with recognisable A-genome homologues in B. napus and that B. oleracea chromosomes were pairing similarly with C-genome homologues. This behaviour identified the 10 A genome and 9 C genome linkage groups of B. napus and demonstrated that the nuclear genomes of B. napus, B. rapa, and B. oleracea have remained essentially unaltered since the formation of the amphidiploid species, B. napus. A range of unusual marker patterns, which could be explained by aneuploidy and nonreciprocal translocations, were observed in the mapping population. These chromosome abnormalities were probably caused by associations between homoeologous chromosomes at meiosis in the resynthesized parent and the F1 plant leading to nondisjunction and homoeologous recombination.Key words: genetic linkage map, homoeologous recombination, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, genome organization.

Résumé

Une carte génétique comprenant 339 marqueurs RFLP a été réalisée suite à un croisement entre un Brassica napus resynthétisé (un hybride interspécifique entre le B. rapa et le B. oleracea) et le colza « naturel ». La majorité des loci présentent une transmission disomique des allèles parentaux. Ceci montre que les chromosomes du B. rapa reconnaissent et s'apparient exclusivement avec leurs homologues du génome A chez le B. napus tout comme les chromosomes du B. oleracea s'apparient avec leurs homologues du génome C chez le B. napus. Ce comportement a permis d'identifier les 10 groupes de liaison du génome A et les 9 groupes de liaison du génome C chez le B. napus. De plus, ceci indique que les génomes nucléaires de B. napus, B. rapa et B. oleracea sont demeurés essentiellement inchangés depuis la formation de l'espèce amphiploïde B. napus. Différents motifs inhabituels ont été observés dans cette population et ceux-ci pourraient être le résultat d'aneuploïdie ou de translocations non-réciproques. Ces anomalies chromosomiques sont vraisemblablement causées par suite d'associations entre chromosomes homéologues survenant lors de la méiose chez le parent synthétique et chez les individus F1 menant ainsi à la non-disjonction et à la recombinaison homéologue. Mots clés : carte génétique, recombinaison homéologue, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, organisation génomique.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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cover image Genome
Genome
Volume 38Number 6December 1995
Pages: 1122 - 1131

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Version of record online: 15 February 2011

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2. Patterns, mechanisms, and consequences of homoeologous exchange in allopolyploid angiosperms: a genomic and epigenomic perspective
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4. Resynthesized Rapeseed ( Brassica napus ): Breeding and Genomics
5. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) grown under the conditions of the life cycle of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in order to achieve a stable seed yield
6. Conservation and Divergence of the Trihelix Genes in Brassica and Expression Profiles of BnaTH Genes in Brassica napus under Abiotic Stresses
7. Allele segregation analysis of F1 hybrids between independent Brassica allohexaploid lineages
8. Genomics Approaches to Understand the Evolution of Brassica juncea
9. Application of high-throughput structural and functional genomic technologies in crop nutrition research
10. Dissection of Quantitative Blackleg Resistance Reveals Novel Variants of Resistance Gene Rlm9 in Elite Brassica napus
11. Mapping clubroot resistance of Brassica rapa introgressed into Brassica napus and development of molecular markers for the resistance
12. Meiosis in Polyploids and Implications for Genetic Mapping: A Review
13. Gene editing in Brassica napus for basic research and trait development
14. Genome structural evolution in Brassica crops
15. A novel deletion in FLOWERING LOCUS T modulates flowering time in winter oilseed rape
16. A major quantitative trait locus on chromosome A9, BnaPh1 , controls homoeologous recombination in Brassica napus
17. Chromosome inheritance and meiotic stability in allopolyploid Brassica napus
18. Evolution of the Brassicaceae‐specific MS5‐Like family and neofunctionalization of the novel MALE STERILITY 5 gene essential for male fertility in Brassica napus
19. Systematic analysis of JmjC gene family and stress­-response expression of KDM5 subfamily genes in Brassica napus
20. Molecular Mechanisms of Host Resistance to Biotrophs
21. Molecular Mechanisms of Host Resistance to Hemibiotrophs and Necrotrophs
22. Chromosome instabilities in resynthesized Brassica napus revealed by FISH
23. The impact of reducing fatty acid desaturation on the composition and thermal stability of rapeseed oil
24. LmCBP1, a secreted chitin-binding protein, is required for the pathogenicity of Leptosphaeria maculans on Brassica napus
25. The Plant Family Brassicaceae: Introduction, Biology, And Importance
26. Gene Expression Changes During the Allo-/Deallopolyploidization Process of Brassica napus
27. Fine mapping of Brassica napus blackleg resistance gene Rlm1 through bulked segregant RNA sequencing
28. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomic variability in generations of the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) mutant lines obtained via chemical mutagenesis
29. ChIP-cloning analysis uncovers centromere-specific retrotransposons in Brassica nigra and reveals their rapid diversification in Brassica allotetraploids
30. Connecting genome structural variation with complex traits in crop plants
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35. Homoeologous exchange is a major cause of gene presence/absence variation in the amphidiploid Brassica napus
36. Defective APETALA2 Genes Lead to Sepal Modification in Brassica Crops
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38. Diversity and Evolution of B. napus Chloroplast Genome
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40. Future Prospects for Structural, Functional, and Evolutionary Genomics
41. Genes and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Major Agronomic Traits in Brassica napus L.
42. Deciphering Genome Organization of the Polyploid Brassica napus
43. Homoeologous Exchanges and Gene Losses Generate Diversity and Differentiate the B. napus Genome from that of Its Ancestors
44. Mapping of homoeologous chromosome exchanges influencing quantitative trait variation in Brassica napus
45. The high‐quality genome of Brassica napus cultivar ‘ ZS 11’ reveals the introgression history in semi‐winter morphotype
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52. Cataloging the Brassica napus seed metabolome
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56. Identification and evaluation of intervarietal substitution lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with donor segments affecting the diploidization rate of isolated microspores
57. Identification of Polymorphisms Associated with Drought Adaptation QTL in Brassica napus by Resequencing
58. Centromere Locations in Brassica A and C Genomes Revealed Through Half-Tetrad Analysis
59. Genetic variation and inheritance of phytosterol and oil content in a doubled haploid population derived from the winter oilseed rape Sansibar × Oase cross
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61. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Collard Landraces and their Relationship to Other Brassica oleracea Crops
62. Characterization of Brassica napus Flavonol Synthase Involved in Flavonol Biosynthesis in Brassica napus L.
63. Integration analysis of quantitative trait loci for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus
64. Identification and genetic characterization by high-throughput SNP analysis of intervarietal substitution lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with enhanced embryogenic potential
65. Applied oilseed rape marker technology and genomics
66. Nonadditive Gene Expression in Polyploids
67. Neofunctionalization of Duplicated Tic40 Genes Caused a Gain-of-Function Variation Related to Male Fertility in Brassica oleracea Lineages    
68. Differential Expression and Interaction Specificity of the Heterotrimeric G-Protein Family in Brassica nigra Reveal their Developmental- and Condition-Specific Roles
69. Identification and characterization of micro RNA s in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) responsive to infection with the pathogenic fungus Verticillium longisporum using BrassicaAA ( Brassica rapa ) and CC ( Brassica oleracea ) as reference genomes
70. A Complex Recombination Pattern in the Genome of Allotetraploid Brassica napus as Revealed by a High-Density Genetic Map
71. SNP markers‐based map construction and genome‐wide linkage analysis in Brassica napus
72. Capturing sequence variation among flowering-time regulatory gene homologs in the allopolyploid crop species Brassica napus
73. Genetic control of immunity to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) pathotype 1 in Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage)
74. Differentiation of closely related genomes and chromosome identification in Brassica napus L. By simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization
75. Simultaneous over‐expressing of an acyl‐ ACP thioesterase ( F at B ) and silencing of acyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase by artificial micro RNA s increases saturated fatty acid levels in Brassica napus seeds
76. Mapping of QTL for the seed storage proteins cruciferin and napin in a winter oilseed rape doubled haploid population and their inheritance in relation to other seed traits
77. High‐resolution molecular karyotyping uncovers pairing between ancestrally related Brassica chromosomes
78. Translational genomics in Brassica crops: challenges, progress, and future prospects
79. Genome-Wide Survey and Expression Analysis of the Putative Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Proteins in Brassica rapa L
80. Comparative genomics of Brassicaceae crops
81. The Genetics of Host–Parasite Interaction
82. Conserved microstructure of the Brassica B Genome of Brassica nigra in relation to homologous regions of Arabidopsis thaliana, B. rapa and B. oleracea
83. Detection and genotyping of restriction fragment associated polymorphisms in polyploid crops with a pseudo-reference sequence: a case study in allotetraploid Brassica napus
84. The reorganization of plant genomes during allopolyploidization
85. Genetics and Gene Mapping of Disease Resistance in Brassica
86. Natural hybrids between Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus (Asteraceae): A new perspective on karyotypic changes following hybridization at the polyploid level
87. Mapping of QTL for seed dormancy in a winter oilseed rape doubled haploid population
88. Dissection of a major QTL for seed colour and fibre content in Brassica napus reveals colocalization with candidate genes for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid deposition
89. Identification of QTLs for Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot and BnaC.IGMT5.a as a Candidate Gene of the Major Resistant QTL SRC6 in Brassica napus
90. Chromosomal and Gene Expression Changes in Brassica Allopolyploids
91. Genome Analysis
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93. Construction of genetic linkage map and mapping of QTL for seed color in Brassica rapa
94. Identification of candidate genes of QTLs for seed weight in Brassica napus through comparative mapping among Arabidopsis and Brassicaspecies
95. Use of mRNA-seq to discriminate contributions to the transcriptome from the constituent genomes of the polyploid crop species Brassica napus
96. Construction and analysis of a high-density genetic linkage map in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata)
97. QTL and epistatic analyses of heterosis for seed yield and three yield component traits using molecular markers in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
98. Abundance, marker development and genetic mapping of microsatellites from unigenes in Brassica napus
99. Seed colour loci, homoeology and linkage groups of the C genome chromosomes revealed in Brassica rapa-B. oleracea monosomic alien addition lines
100. Karyotype and genomic in situ hybridization pattern in ×Brassicoraphanus, an intergeneric hybrid between Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis and Raphanus sativus
101. Brassica Crops: Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance – Current Status and Prospects
102. Molecular mapping of Arabidopsis thaliana lipid-related orthologous genes in Brassica napus
103. A new broccoli × broccoli immortal mapping population and framework genetic map: tools for breeders and complex trait analysis
104.
105. Integration of linkage maps for the Amphidiploid Brassica napus and comparative mapping with Arabidopsis and Brassica rapa
106. A sequence-based genetic linkage map as a reference for Brassica rapa pseudochromosome assembly
107. Quantitative trait loci mapping for two seed yield component traits in an oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) cross
108. Trigenomic Bridges for Brassica Improvement
109. BnaC.Tic40, a plastid inner membrane translocon originating from Brassica oleracea , is essential for tapetal function and microspore development in Brassica napus
110. De novo genetic variation associated with retrotransposon activation, genomic rearrangements and trait variation in a recombinant inbred line population of Brassica napus derived from interspecific hybridization with Brassica rapa
111. Characterization of CENH3 proteins and centromere-associated DNA sequences in diploid and allotetraploid Brassica species
112. Linkage illuminates a complex genome
113. Isolation and characterization of three duplicated PISTILLATA genes in Brassica napus
114. Phylogenetic Analysis of S-Locus Genes Reveals the Complicated Evolution Relationship of S Haplotypes in Brassica
115. Homoeologous shuffling and chromosome compensation maintain genome balance in resynthesized allopolyploid Brassica napus
116. Haploids and doubled haploids in Brassica spp. for genetic and genomic research
117. Analysis of B-Genome Chromosome Introgression in Interspecific Hybrids of Brassica napus × B. carinata
118. Evaluation of the occurrence possibility of SNP in Brassica napus with sliding window features by using RBF networks
119. Structural and Functional Evolution of Resynthesized Polyploids
120. Karyotype and Identification of All Homoeologous Chromosomes of Allopolyploid Brassica napus and Its Diploid Progenitors
121. Chasing Ghosts: Comparative Mapping in the Brassicaceae
122. The Genetics of Brassica napus
123. Perspectives on Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae
124. Bioinformatics Resources for the Brassica Species
125. Construction of an integrated genetic linkage map for the A genome of Brassica napus using SSR markers derived from sequenced BACs in B. rapa
126. Towards unambiguous transcript mapping in the allotetraploid Brassica napusThis article is one of a selection of papers from the conference “Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable farming”.
127. SNP discovery by amplicon sequencing and multiplex SNP genotyping in the allopolyploid species Brassica napusThis article is one of a selection of papers from the conference “Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable farming”.
128. Mapping of quantitative trait loci and development of allele-specific markers for seed weight in Brassica napus
129. Genome structure affects the rate of autosyndesis and allosyndesis in AABC, BBAC and CCAB Brassica interspecific hybrids
130. Repeated Polyploidy Drove Different Levels of Crossover Suppression between Homoeologous Chromosomes in Brassica napus Allohaploids  
131. Crossovers Get a Boost in Brassica Allotriploid and Allotetraploid Hybrids
132. Development of genome-specific 5S rDNA markers in Brassica and related species for hybrid testing
133. Introgression of B-genome chromosomes in a doubled haploid population of Brassica napus × B. carinata
134. Characterization of seedling proteomes and development of markers to distinguish the Brassica A and C genomes
135. Utilization of next-generation sequencing platforms in plant genomics and genetic variant discovery
136. Homoeologous nonreciprocal recombination in polyploid cotton
137. The first meiosis of resynthesized Brassica napus , a genome blender
138. Homoeologous recombination in allopolyploids: the polyploid ratchet
139. Extent and structure of linkage disequilibrium in canola quality winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
140. Expressions and dimerization affinities of three highly identical APETALA3 genes in Brassica napus
141. Sequence-level comparative analysis of the Brassica napus genome around two stearoyl-ACP desaturase loci
142. Broadening the avenue of intersubgenomic heterosis in oilseed Brassica
143. Development of public immortal mapping populations, molecular markers and linkage maps for rapid cycling Brassica rapa and B. oleracea
144. Genetic map construction and QTL mapping of resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) disease in Australian canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars
145. A Brassica rapa Linkage Map of EST-based SNP Markers for Identification of Candidate Genes Controlling Flowering Time and Leaf Morphological Traits
146. The evolution of Brassica napus FLOWERING LOCUST paralogues in the context of inverted chromosomal duplication blocks
147. Sequenced BAC anchored reference genetic map that reconciles the ten individual chromosomes of Brassica rapa
148. A newly-developed community microarray resource for transcriptome profiling in Brassica species enables the confirmation of Brassica-specific expressed sequences
149. A microsatellite (SSR) based linkage map of Brassica rapa
150. CAPS and SCAR markers linked to maintenance of self-incompatibility developed from SP11 in Brassica napus L.
151. QTL analysis on plant height and flowering time in Brassica napus
152. Fine mapping of the epistatic suppressor gene (esp) of a recessive genic male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
153. Comparative Analysis between Homoeologous Genome Segments of Brassica napus and Its Progenitor Species Reveals Extensive Sequence-Level Divergence  
154. Comparative analysis of the Brassica oleracea genetic map and the Arabidopsis thaliana genome
155. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in the polyploid Brassica napus using Solexa transcriptome sequencing
156. Genetic Regulation of Meiotic Cross-Overs between Related Genomes in Brassica napus Haploids and Hybrids  
157. Analysis of Gene Expression in Resynthesized Brassica napus Allopolyploids Using Arabidopsis 70mer Oligo Microarrays
158. Brassica and Its Close Allies: Cytogenetics and Evolution
159. A and C Genome Distinction and Chromosome Identification in Brassica napus by Sequential Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization and Genomic in Situ Hybridization
160. Repetitive sequence-derived markers tag centromeres and telomeres and provide insights into chromosome evolution in Brassica napus
161. Genetic Analysis of Heterosis for Yield and Yield Components in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) by Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping
162. Development of a SCAR Marker to Track Canola Resistance Against Blackleg Caused by Leptosphaeria maculans Pathogenicity Group 3
163. QTL for phytosterol and sinapate ester content in Brassica napus L. collocate with the two erucic acid genes
164. Development of SCAR markers linked to self-incompatibility in Brassica napus L.
165. Genetic mapping of clubroot resistance genes in oilseed rape
166. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance Against Verticillium longisporum in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus )
167. Variability of Recombination Rates in Higher Plants
168. Progress in Understanding and Sequencing the Genome of Brassica rapa
169. Chromosome ‘speed dating’ during meiosis of polyploid Brassica hybrids and haploids
170. Genomic Changes in Resynthesized Brassica napus and Their Effect on Gene Expression and Phenotype
171. Analyses of the floral organ morphogenesis and the differentially expressed genes of an apetalous flower mutant in Brassica napus
172. Mapping QTL controlling fatty acid composition in a doubled haploid rapeseed population segregating for oil content
173. Intra- and intergenomic homology of B-genome chromosomes in trigenomic combinations of the cultivated Brassica species revealed by GISH analysis
174. Broadening the Genetic Basis of Verticillium longisporum Resistance in Brassica napus by Interspecific Hybridization
175. Genetic control of broad-spectrum resistance to turnip mosaic virus in Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage)
176. The reference genetic linkage map for the multinational Brassica rapa genome sequencing project
177. Mapping of yield influencing QTL in Brassica juncea: implications for breeding of a major oilseed crop of dryland areas
178. Detection of QTL for six yield-related traits in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using DH and immortalized F2 populations
179. Localization of QTLs for seed color using recombinant inbred lines of Brassica napus in different environments
180. Mapping and characterization of FLC homologs and QTL analysis of flowering time in Brassica oleracea
181. Simple sequence repeats reveal uneven distribution of genetic diversity in chloroplast genomes of Brassica oleracea L. and (n = 9) wild relatives
182. Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Brassica rapa
183. Homeologous Recombination Plays a Major Role in Chromosome Rearrangements That Occur During Meiosis of Brassica napus Haploids
184. QTL analysis of yield-related traits and their association with functional markers in Brassica napus L.
185. Molecular characterisation and chromosomal localisation of a telomere-like repetitive DNA sequence highly enriched in the C genome of Brassica
186. Radish
187. Brassica oleracea
188. Pairing and recombination at meiosis of Brassica rapa (AA) × Brassica napus (AACC) hybrids
189. Brassica
190. Mapping PrBn and Other Quantitative Trait Loci Responsible for the Control of Homeologous Chromosome Pairing in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.) Haploids
191. Genetic control of oil content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
192. Utilization of Arabidopsis and Brassica Genomic Resources to Underpin Genetic Analysis and Improvement of Brassica Crops
193. A Sequence-Tagged Linkage Map of Brassica rapa
194. Mapping of the loci controlling oleic and linolenic acid contents and development of fad2 and fad3 allele-specific markers in canola (Brassica napus L.)
195. Quantitative trait analysis of seed yield and other complex traits in hybrid spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): 1. Identification of genomic regions from winter germplasm
196. Quantitative trait analysis of seed yield and other complex traits in hybrid spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): 2. Identification of alleles from unadapted germplasm
197. Transgene directionally integrated into C-genome of Brassica napus
198. Comparative Genomics of Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana Reveal Gene Loss, Fragmentation, and Dispersal after Polyploidy
199. New evidence from Sinapis alba L. for ancestral triplication in a crucifer genome
200. Quantitative trait loci for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and its association with a homeologous non-reciprocal transposition in Brassica napus L.
201. Major Gene and Polygenic Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)
202. Patterns of Sequence Loss and Cytosine Methylation within a Population of Newly Resynthesized Brassica napus Allopolyploids
203. Major gene and polygenic resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
204. Complexities of Chromosome Landing in a Highly Duplicated Genome: Toward Map-Based Cloning of a Gene Controlling Blackleg Resistance in Brassica napus
205. Construction of an oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) genetic map with SSR markers
206. Differential methylation of genes and repeats in land plants
207. Segmental Structure of the Brassica napus Genome Based on Comparative Analysis With Arabidopsis thaliana
208. Development of crop-specific transposable element (SINE) markers for studying gene flow from oilseed rape to wild radish
209. Gene structure and molecular analysis of the laccase-like multicopper oxidase (LMCO) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana
210. Genome-wide analysis of the frequency and distribution of crossovers at male and female meiosis in Sinapis alba L. (white mustard)
211. Detection of Chromosomal Rearrangements Derived From Homeologous Recombination in Four Mapping Populations of Brassica napus L.
212. Identification of individual chromosomes and parental genomes in Brassica juncea using GISH and FISH
213. Simultaneous Detection of 5S and 45S rRNA Genes in Orychophragmus violaceus by Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization
214. Oil Content in a European × Chinese Rapeseed Population
215. Conservation of the microstructure of genome segments in Brassica napus and its diploid relatives
216. Flowering time divergence and genomic rearrangements in resynthesized Brassica polyploids (Brassicaceae)
217. Genome redundancy and plasticity within ancient and recent Brassica crop species
218. The contribution of polyploidy to variation in Brassica species
219. Mapping of transposable element Dissociation inserts in Brassica oleracea following plant regeneration from streptomycin selection of callus
220. Latent S alleles are widespread in cultivated self-compatible Brassica napus
221. Efficient large-scale development of microsatellites for marker and mapping applications in Brassica crop species
222. De novo variation in life‐history traits and responses to growth conditions of resynthesized polyploid Brassica napus (Brassicaceae)
223. Genome Mapping and Analysis
224. From Diploids to Allopolyploids: The Emergence of Efficient Pairing Control Genes in Plants
225. Detection and Effects of a Homeologous Reciprocal Transposition in Brassica napus
226. Genetic analysis and genome mapping in Raphanus
227. Homoeologous loci control the accumulation of seed glucosinolates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
228. Mapping the mosaic of ancestral genotypes in a cultivar of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) selected via pedigree breeding
229. PrBn , a Major Gene Controlling Homeologous Pairing in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus ) Haploids
230. Patterns of genome duplication within the Brassica napus genome
231. The Molecular Genetic Basis of Flowering Time Variation in Brassica Species
232. Application of Molecular Markers in Brassica Coenospecies: Comparative Mapping and Tagging
233. Karyotyping of Brassica amphidiploids using 5S and 25S rDNA as chromosome markers
234. Assessing the level of collinearity between Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus for A. thaliana chromosome 5
235. Homoeological relationships between the f chromosome of Brassica rapa and the e chromosome of Brassica oleracea
236. The Dynamics of Plant Genome Organization
237. Transferability and genome specificity of a new set of microsatellite primers among Brassica species of the U triangle
238. Linkage mapping of genes controlling resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) in Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) and comparative mapping to Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana
239. Detection and Mapping of Duplicate Loci in Brassica juncea
240. Structural Genome Analysis Using Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques
241. Through a genome, darkly: comparative analysis of plant chromosomal DNA
242. Plant genome evolution: lessons from comparative genomics at the DNA level
243. Control of flowering time by FLC orthologues in Brassica napus
244. Contrasting genome organisation: two regions of the Brassica oleracea genome compared with collinear regions of the Arabidopsisthaliana genome
245. Multiple flowering time QTLs within several Brassica species could be the result of duplicated copies of one ancestral gene
246. Agri‐Food and Genomics
247. Agri‐Food and Genomics
248. Comparative structural genomics in the Brassicaceae family
249. DNA-based marker maps of Brassica
250. A compilation of molecular genetic maps of cultivated plants
251. Amphidiploid Brassica juncea contains conserved progenitor genomes
252. Arabidopsis thaliana: A source of candidate disease-resistance genes for Brassica napus
253. A binary vector-based large insert library for Brassica napus and identification of clones linked to a fertility restorer locus for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)
254. Unraveling Crucifer Genomes Through Comparative Mapping
255. More QTL for flowering time revealed by substitution lines in Brassica oleracea
256. Linkage Analysis of Molecular Markers and Quantitative Trait Loci in Populations of Inbred Backcross Lines of Brassica napus L.
257. Rapid structural and epigenetic changes in polyploid and aneuploid genomes
258. Winter oilseed rape with high levels of resistance to Pyrenopeziza brassicae derived from wild Brassica species
259. Development of amplified consensus genetic markers (ACGM) in Brassica napus from Arabidopsis thaliana sequences of known biological function
260. 7 Genome structure and mapping
261. Independent deletions of a pathogen-resistance gene in Brassica and Arabidopsis
262. Physical mapping of DNA repetitive sequences to mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra by fluorescence in situ hybridization
263. Comparative Mapping Between Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica nigra Indicates That Brassica Genomes Have Evolved Through Extensive Genome Replication Accompanied by Chromosome Fusions and Frequent Rearrangements
264. The Association of Flowering Time Quantitative Trait Loci with Duplicated Regions and Candidate Loci in Brassica oleracea
265. To pair or not to pair: chromosome pairing and evolution
266. Conserved patterns of chromosome pairing and recombination in Brassica napus crosses
267. Chromosomal localization and characterization of rDNA loci in the Brassica A and C genomes
268. Aspects of the biosafety of transgenic oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.)
269. Indistinguishable patterns of recombination resulting from male and female meioses in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)
270. The chromosomal distributions of Ty1-copia group retrotransposable elements in higher plants and their implications for genome evolution
271. Towards developing intervarietal substitution lines in Brassica napus using marker-assisted selection
272. Frequent nonreciprocal translocations in the amphidiploid genome of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
273. Plant Breeding: Recent Advances in Molecular Breeding of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
274. Oilseed Rape
275. Black Mustard

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