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Post-stroke rehabilitation in the peri-pandemic COVID-19 era

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Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which arose in late 2019, caused extensive destruction, impacting a substantial proportion of the worldwide population and leading to millions of deaths. Although COVID-19 is mainly linked to respiratory and pulmonary complications, it has the potential to affect neurologic structures as well. Neurological involvement may manifest as minimal and reversible; however, a notable proportion of cases have exhibited pronounced neurological consequences, such as strokes. Endothelial inflammation, hypercoagulation, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system alterations, and cardiogenic embolism are the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke under COVID-19 circumstances. Physical activity and exercise have improved several aspects of post-stroke recovery, including cardiovascular health, walking capacity, and upper limb strength. They are commonly used to assist stroke survivors in overcoming their motor restrictions. Furthermore, stroke rehabilitation can incorporate a range of specific techniques, including body-weight-supported treadmill applications, constraint-induced movement therapy, robotic rehabilitation interventions, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and prism adaptation training. Under pandemic conditions, there were several barriers to neurological rehabilitation. The most significant of these were individual’s fear of infection, which caused them to postpone their rehabilitation applications and rehabilitation areas being converted into COVID-19 units. The primary emphasis had turned to COVID-19 treatment. Several valuable data and views were gained in reorganizing rehabilitation during the pandemic, contributing to establishing future views in this regard.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery and Rehabilitation, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

    Meirgul I. Assylbek

  2. Department of Social Health Insurance and Public Health, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

    Meirgul I. Assylbek

  3. Medical Center ‘’Mediker’’, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

    Meirgul I. Assylbek

  4. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Adana Health Practice and Research Center, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey

    Burhan Fatih Kocyigit

  5. Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

    Marlen Yessirkepov

  6. Department of Clinical Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

    Olena Zimba

  7. National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland

    Olena Zimba

  8. Department of Internal Medicine N2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine

    Olena Zimba

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  1. Meirgul I. Assylbek
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  2. Burhan Fatih Kocyigit
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  3. Marlen Yessirkepov
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  4. Olena Zimba
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Contributions

Conceptualization: MIA, BFK, MY, OZ; data curation: MIA, BFK, MY, OZ; formal analysis: BFK; investigation: MIA, BFK, MY, OZ; methodology: MIA, BFK, MY, OZ; software: MIA, BFK, MY, OZ; and writing—review and editing: MIA, BFK, MY, OZ.

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Correspondence to Burhan Fatih Kocyigit.

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Assylbek, M.I., Kocyigit, B.F., Yessirkepov, M. et al. Post-stroke rehabilitation in the peri-pandemic COVID-19 era. Rheumatol Int 44, 399–411 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-023-05520-1

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