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Curcumin Analogs with Altered Potencies against HIV-1 Integrase as Probes for Biochemical Mechanisms of Drug Action

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Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5C25, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and Institut fuer Pharmazie II, Pharmazeutische Biologie, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 19, 3057–3063
Publication Date (Web):September 12, 1997
https://doi.org/10.1021/jm970190x
Copyright © 1997 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

    We have previously reported the inhibitory activity of curcumin against human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) integrase. In the present study, we have synthesized and tested analogs of curcumin to explore the structure−activity relationships and mechanism of action of this family of compounds in more detail. We found that two curcumin analogs, dicaffeoylmethane (6) and rosmarinic acid (9), inhibited both activities of integrase with IC50 values below 10 μM. We have previously demonstrated that lysine 136 may play a role in viral DNA binding. We demonstrated equivalent potencies of two curcumin analogs against both this integrase mutant and wild-type integrase, suggesting that the curcumin-binding site and the substrate-binding site may not overlap. Combining one curcumin analog with the recently described integrase inhibitor NSC 158393 resulted in integrase inhibition which was synergistic, reflective of drug-binding sites which may not overlap. We have also determined that these analogs can inhibit binding of the enzyme to the viral DNA but that this inhibition is independent of divalent metal ion. Furthermore, kinetic studies of these analogs suggest that they bind to the enzyme at a slow rate. These studies can provide mechanistic and structural information which may guide the future design of integrase inhibitors.

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     National Cancer Institute.

     Freie Universitaet Berlin.

    *

    In papers with more than one author, the asterisk indicates the name of the author to whom inquiries about the paper should be addressed.

     Abstract published in Advance ACS Abstracts, August 15, 1997.

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