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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 23, 16911-16982
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In Situ Kinetic Observations on Crystal Nucleation and Growth

  • Junjie Li*
    Junjie Li
    Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi830011, China
    Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
    *E-mail: [email protected]
    More by Junjie Li
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  •  and 
  • Francis Leonard Deepak*
    Francis Leonard Deepak
    Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330Braga, Portugal
    *E-mail: [email protected]
    More by Francis Leonard Deepak
    View Biography
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-1775
Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 23, 16911–16982
Publication Date (Web):November 8, 2022
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01067
Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of nucleation and growth is crucial to realize the controllable fabrication of crystalline products with desired and reproducible properties. Based on classical models, the initial crystal nucleus is formed by the spontaneous aggregation of ions, atoms, or molecules, and crystal growth is dependent on the monomer’s diffusion and the surface reaction. Recently, numerous in situ investigations on crystallization dynamics have uncovered the existence of nonclassical mechanisms. This review provides a summary and highlights the in situ studies of crystal nucleation and growth, with a particular emphasis on the state-of-the-art research progress since the year 2016, and includes technological advances, atomic-scale observations, substrate- and temperature-dependent nucleation and growth, and the progress achieved in the various materials: metals, alloys, metallic compounds, colloids, and proteins. Finally, the forthcoming opportunities and challenges in this fascinating field are discussed.

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