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There has been rapid growth in research activities on the potential of graphene oxide/Au (GO:Au) composite for different applications. The GO:Au composite has been widely explored in applications such as biomedicine, electrochemical... more
There has been rapid growth in research activities on the potential of graphene oxide/Au (GO:Au) composite for different applications. The GO:Au composite has been widely explored in applications such as biomedicine, electrochemical biosensors, optical limiters, and organic dye degradation. The increased interest in GO:Au for these applications is the consequence of harvesting the electronic bonding structure that is due to the formation of sp3 CC clusters from defected sp2 C═C and attachment of Au atoms onto the C═C carbon matrix. The defection of the sp2 cluster of GO can be achieved by the method of improved synthesis and functionalization with Au surfactants. The current review explores an overview of the different synthesis techniques for producing GO:Au composites, which is an important factor in controlling the particle and size distribution of the composites. The electronic, electrical, and magnetic properties of GO:Au composites are covered as it relates to photochemical, memristive, and biomedical imaging applications. The low coercivity and remanence are consistent with superparamagnetic behavior. Although, GO:Au‐nanocomposite (NC) are widely explored for biomedicine and drug delivery applications, future applications of the composite can be useful for magnetic resonance imaging owing to the superparamagnetic behavior. The future possibilities of GO:Au‐NP are promising in the field of bioimaging and electronic devices. The electrical property of GO:Au‐NC can be fused with its electrochemical property for supercapacitor applications. In some cases, GO:Au‐NC is used as an anchor material with conducting polymers to enhance the supercapacitor properties. Furthermore, the synthesis of mono‐disperse few‐layer graphene is still challenging owing to economic cost and the graphite exfoliation process. The review of GO:Au composite from a material physics perspective aims to elucidate the current trends as well the future possibilities offered by the composite for various promising applications.
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Aluminum Zinc co-doped Tin Oxide (AZSO) thin film was grown by sol-gel spin coating techniques onto a glass substrate using various doping concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) and the effect of doping on each sample were studied using... more
Aluminum Zinc co-doped Tin Oxide (AZSO) thin film was grown by sol-gel spin coating techniques onto a glass substrate using various doping concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) and the effect of doping on each sample were studied using structural analysis; X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern, gravimetric method; thin film thickness and UV photo-spectrometer; optical properties. The results of the XRD were revealed that all the peaks have a tetragonal phase of SnO2, which were oriented at the 110, 101, and 211 planes. The film thickness was observed to vary with doping concentration. In the visible region, all the film samples were exhibited at average transmittance. The coefficient of absorption was gradually increased with an increase in photon energy at a certain level with a decrease in the absorption coefficient as the photon energy increases further. At 550-800 nm range of wavelength, a high extinction coefficient (k) was recorded and the refractive index curves show regular dispe...
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Stannic Oxide (SnO2) is in the class of metal oxide semiconductors, which is widely employed in a series of applications because of its excellent electrical and optical properties. In this study, we reported the synthesis of undoped and... more
Stannic Oxide (SnO2) is in the class of metal oxide semiconductors, which is widely employed in a series of applications because of its excellent electrical and optical properties. In this study, we reported the synthesis of undoped and silver (Ag) doped SnO2 via a simple coprecipitation technique to study the photocatalytic activities of Ag/SnO2. Different characterization techniques, such as XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, RAMAN, and DRS were used to study the effect of the doping concentration of Ag on the structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties of SnO2. The XRD spectrum showed the tetragonal structure of SnO2 and Ag/SnO2. The SEM micrographs show the irregular distribution of particles with different shapes and sizes. The EDX results show the incorporation of the Ag element into SnO2. The optical property shows narrowed bandgap energy with Ag content. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was studied by the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye...
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This study presents the simulations of a hybrid Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cell with a planar heterojunction structure in a hybrid model (n-FTO/n-ZnO/p-PSCS/p-CZTS/p-PSCS/p-HTM) using a One-Dimensional Solar cell capacitance simulator... more
This study presents the simulations of a hybrid Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cell with a planar heterojunction structure in a hybrid model (n-FTO/n-ZnO/p-PSCS/p-CZTS/p-PSCS/p-HTM) using a One-Dimensional Solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). . The configuration "121" of the hybridizing absorber layers of the device was simulated and related with as-Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS). The simulation used an absorber layer with a step-length thickness of 25 nm and thicknesses ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm. The bandgap diagram, I-V characteristics curve, percentage conversion efficiencies, and the quantum efficiencies of the simulated solar cells were calculated and constructed from simulated results. The percentage conversion efficiency of 22.57%, fill factor of 49.99%, open-circuit voltage of 0.80V, and short circuit current of 25.12 mAcm-2 were obtained. The obtained photon conversion efficiency shows that the hybridization of different absorber layers was achievable. It was ...
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Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) is one of the active materials used in the fabrication of two‐dimensional supercapacitors devices and has attracted increased attention because of its unique electronic properties with direct bandgap. The exposed... more
Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) is one of the active materials used in the fabrication of two‐dimensional supercapacitors devices and has attracted increased attention because of its unique electronic properties with direct bandgap. The exposed active edge sites and large area‐specific surfaces present in MoS2 nanostructures are highly interesting properties of the materials. It was stressed that the preparation methods and composite substrates of MoS2‐based supercapacitors are one of the deciding factors recorded for improving electrochemical performance. This review aims to appraise the preparations, electrochemical studies, and bibliometric analysis of MoS2‐based supercapacitors. The top‐down and bottom‐up methods of preparing MoS2 with the recent electrochemical properties for their supercapacitor devices were highlighted. Likewise, the analysis of the literature related to MoS2‐based supercapacitors that are published between 2007 and 2020 using bibliometric analysis, based on retrieved documents from the Scopus database. The ranking of the authors, institutions, journals, and countries was analyzed to evaluate the quality and influence of their publications using different indicators such as the number of articles, total citations, average citations per year, and H‐index values. The analysis shows that there has been a remarkable increase in the number of publications since 2013. China was found to be a leading country with the highest number of publications related to MoS2‐based supercapacitors and international collaboration influences. The bibliometric results show that the most cited articles are spread across the six countries while the United States has the highest number of citations. This review should serve as a guide for energy researchers to select suitable methods of preparation and appropriate research collaboration through bibliometric studies. Finally, we discussed the opportunities created by MoS2‐based materials as an ingenious platform for advanced storage capacity.
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Abstract This work assessed the effect of plasmonic green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) dispersed in Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the efficiency of DSSC. Natural plant extracts from air-dried Neem (Azadirachta... more
Abstract This work assessed the effect of plasmonic green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) dispersed in Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the efficiency of DSSC. Natural plant extracts from air-dried Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves were used as sensitizers with commercially available Ruthenium dye (N719). The optical absorption band obtained at 425 nm confirmed the presence of the AgNPs and incorporating the AgNPs into TiO2 and dye loading increased the absorbance significantly. The optical band gap results showed that the energy gap decreased as the absorbance increased. The DSSC sensitized by N719 dye offered the highest conversion efficiency of 4.09 %, followed by 1.57 % by Neem extract and 1.18 % by Henna extract. It was shown from the results that natural plant extracts as sensitizers and plasmonic green synthesized AgNPs incorporated into TiO2 as the photoanode are good materials for the fabrication of DSSC with outstanding environmental friendliness.
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Due to the superb characteristics of its light-harvesting, the Perovskite sensitizer ABX3 (A = CH3NH3, B = Pb, Sn, and X = Cl, Br, I) has recently attracted great attention. Perovskite is composed of inexpensive and earth abundant... more
Due to the superb characteristics of its light-harvesting, the Perovskite sensitizer ABX3 (A = CH3NH3, B = Pb, Sn, and X = Cl, Br, I) has recently attracted great attention. Perovskite is composed of inexpensive and earth abundant materials. It is processable at low temperature preferably via the printing techniques. In addition, the charges in the bulk material after light absorption that enhances low loss in energy charge generation and collection were generated freely. In this research work, Solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) was used to harnessing the real device hybrid Perovskite (PSC) solar cell with material parameters obtained from literatures and experiment used in the definition panel and the arrangement of an hybrid (FTO/ZnO/CZTS/PSCS/CZTS/HTM) model in the SCAPS-1D simulator. From the simulated results obtained the Band gap diagram and other curves were constructed. The efficiency greater than twenty percent (>20%) was achieved, which shows that having a comb...
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The emergence of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) as an alternative device for silicon based solar cell has gained a lot of attention from researchers due to its cost-effective, easy fabrication and environmentally friendliness.... more
The emergence of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) as an alternative device for silicon based solar cell has gained a lot of attention from researchers due to its cost-effective, easy fabrication and environmentally friendliness. Photoanodes are semiconductor and as one of the four components of DSSC plays a major role for dye loading and electron conduction. A good photo anode should provide an efficient surface area in dye loading, nanostructure for high light harvesting opportunity, fast electron transport ability and good band gap architecture. Several nanostructures materials have been studied and employed as photoanode in DSSC. They include TiO2, ZnO, Nb2O5, SnO2, among others. The problem associated with photoanodes used in fabricating DSSC is high recombination rate of electrons that emanate from the number of grains. The dispersed nature of progress reports on developments of photoanodes calls for summary. Hence this review gives a general summary of the progress made in var...
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Our voracious consumption of fossil fuels at an exponentially increasing rate has led to global warming and climate change. As a result of these problems, it is crucial to exploreother sources of clean energy. The natural... more
Our voracious consumption of fossil fuels at an exponentially increasing rate has led to global warming and climate change. As a result of these problems, it is crucial to exploreother sources of clean energy. The natural pigmentsextraction and the performancedetermination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)from fruit peels of citrus were presented in this paper. Extraction of natural dye of citrus fruit peels of Citrus paradisi, Citrus sinensis, Citrus limonumandCitrus tangelo were employed as light sensitizers in fabricating ZnO-based DSSCs. The natural pigments extracts characteristics were analyzedby UV-Vis absorption, Fourier transforms infra-red (FTIR) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques. The semiconductor active layer material was synthesized and analyzed. The characteristics of photo-voltaic parameters for the invented DSSCs were studied under simulated sunlight. The presence of chlorophyll derivative in most of the extracted dyes is evident as the core pigments ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the p revalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association across socio-demographic and ot her risk factors. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the... more
Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the p revalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association across socio-demographic and ot her risk factors. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Faridkot district of Punjab. A total of 594 pregnant women were enrolled by consecutive sampling. Data were collected through s emitructured interview schedule and haemoglobin estimation was done using Sahli’s method. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 89.7% (with 55.4% and 34.3% of pregnant women having mode rate anaemia and mild degree of anaemia). No case of severe degree of anaemia was reported. Prev alence of anaemia was significantly (p < 0.05) high er among women belonging to the scheduled castes, midd le ncome groups and those who went out in the fields for open defecation. Conclusion: In addition to preventive programs against anaemia , the study highlights the need for dietary counselling and nut ritional education among the pregnant women as well as their family members.
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Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have gained huge attention and popularity in the scientific world due to their intriguing physical, chemical and antimicrobial properties. Ag NPs can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological... more
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have gained huge attention and popularity in the scientific world due to their intriguing physical, chemical and antimicrobial properties. Ag NPs can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological processes. Since there is pressing need for eco-friendly, and sustainable synthetic method, extensive research is taking place about the green synthesis of Ag NPs using plants. Biosynthesized Ag NPs show excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial property and hence have wide applications in agriculture and other fields. In view of this, we have reviewed here the use of plants or their extracts for the synthesis of Ag NPs, their characterization, and effect of physicochemical parameters on the synthesis. This review underlines the applications of biosynthesized Ag NPs in the agriculture sector with a short note on its future prospects.
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The international politics of famine relief operations in Ethiopia: a case study of the 1984-86 famine relief operations. Ghaji Ismaila Bello, London School of Economics and Political Science. Department of International Relations 1990.