- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Data Archiving & Networked Services
Postbus 93067
2509 AB Den Haag
The Netherlands - ++31 (0) 70 3446 484
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Innovation statistics, Evolutionary theories, general, History of Science, Library Science, Statistical Physics Of Complex Systems, Information Science, and 15 moreInformation Visualisation, Visual Browsing, Dynamic of knowledge landscapes, Communication, Ethics, Web 2.0, Semantics, Complexity, Visualization, Knowledge, Technological Innovation, Information, Heritage, Cultural Evolution, and Mapping edit
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Dr. Andrea Scharnhorst is Head of e-Research at the Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) institution in the N... moreDr. Andrea Scharnhorst is Head of e-Research at the Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) institution in the Netherlands - a large digital archive for research data primarily from the social sciences and humanities. She is also member of the e-humanities group at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) in Amsterdam, where she coordinates the computational humanities programme.
She has a background in physics (Diploma in Statistical Physics) and in philosophy of science (PhD on the application of mathematical models to the science system as self-organizing system). Her current work can best be characterized as part of the information sciences.
Her work focuses on understanding, modeling and simulating the emergence of innovations. Hereby, innovations are understood broadly as e.g., new modes of behavior and learning, new forms of communication, new technologies or new scientific ideas. She has worked on the transfer of concepts and methods at an interface between physics; social sciences and humanities. More recently she analyzed the structure and emergence of knowledge orders as visible in library classification systems or the category network of Wikipedia.
Dr. Scharnhorst has developed a specific framework (Geometrically Oriented Evolutionary THEories: GOE_THE) to describe processes of problem solving and learning as an evolutionary search process in unknown knowledge landscapes.
She coordinated and participated in several EU and national funded projects, such as “Web indicators for scientific, technological and innovation research”,”Competence and innovation in research networks - modeling self-organized learning of heterogeneous agents”, “Dissimilar simulation – the epistemics of simulation in the humanities” and “Critical Events in Evolving Networks”. Currently, she leads the working group “Information and Knowledge” of the COST action MP0801 “Physics of Competition and Conflicts”. A computational humanities project on Dutch Census data (CEDAR) she leads started 2011.
She has published extensively in international peer reviewed journals, including co-editing special issues on "Webindicators [Cybermetrics 2006], "Visual conceptualizations and models of science [Journal of informetrics 2009], "Simulating the Social Processes of Science [Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 2011], and "Modeling science: studying the structure and dynamics of science [Scientometrics 2011]. She is on the editorial board of the journal Scientometrics. Together with Andreas Pyka she edited a book on “Innovation networks” for the Springers Series on Complexity in 2009. In the same series an edited book on "Models of Science Dynamics - Encounters Between Complexity Theory and Information Sciences (co-edited with Katy Börner and Peter van den Besselaar) appears in 2012.
Main research interests
- Simulating innovation and Simulation methods as innovation
- Models of self-organization for complex systems
- Innovation dynamics and evolution of social systems
- Bibliometric analysis and evaluation
- “Landscape theories of social change”
- Evolution of research technologies, including Web technologies
- Web based science, technology and innovation indicators
- Evolution of classification systems edit
Models of science dynamics aim to capture the structure and evolution of science. They are developed in an emerging research area in which scholars, scientific institutions and scientific communications become themselves basic objects of... more
Models of science dynamics aim to capture the structure and evolution of science. They are developed in an emerging research area in which scholars, scientific institutions and scientific communications become themselves basic objects of research. In order to understand phenomena as diverse as the structure of evolving co-authorship networks or citation diffusion patterns, different models have been developed. They include conceptual models based on historical and ethnographic observations, mathematical descriptions of measurable phenomena, and computational algorithms. Despite its evident importance, the mathematical modeling of science still lacks a unifying framework and a comprehensive research agenda.
This book aims to fill this gap, reviewing and describing major threads in the mathematical modeling of science dynamics for a wider academic and professional audience. The model classes presented here cover stochastic and statistical models, game-theoretic approaches, agent-based simulations, population-dynamics models, and complex network models. The book starts with a foundational chapter that defines and operationalizes terminology used in the study of science, and a review chapter that discusses the history of mathematical approaches to modeling science from an algorithmic-historiography perspective. It concludes with a survey of future challenges for science modeling and discusses their relevance for science policy and science policy studies.
This book aims to fill this gap, reviewing and describing major threads in the mathematical modeling of science dynamics for a wider academic and professional audience. The model classes presented here cover stochastic and statistical models, game-theoretic approaches, agent-based simulations, population-dynamics models, and complex network models. The book starts with a foundational chapter that defines and operationalizes terminology used in the study of science, and a review chapter that discusses the history of mathematical approaches to modeling science from an algorithmic-historiography perspective. It concludes with a survey of future challenges for science modeling and discusses their relevance for science policy and science policy studies.
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Massive amounts of data from different contexts and producers are collected and connected relying often solely on statistical techniques. Problems to the acclaimed value of data lie in the precise definition of data and associated... more
Massive amounts of data from different contexts and producers are collected and connected relying often solely on statistical techniques. Problems to the acclaimed value of data lie in the precise definition of data and associated contexts as well as the problem that data are not always published in meaningful and open ways. The Linked Data paradigm offers a solution to the limitations of simple keywords by having unique, resolvable and shared identifiers instead of strings This paper reports on a three-year research project “Digging Into the Knowledge Graph,” funded as part of the 2016 Round Four Digging Into Data Challenge (https://diggingintodata.org/awards/2016/project/digging-knowledge-graph). Our project involves comparing terminology employed within the LOD cloud with terminology employed within two general but different KOSs – Universal Decimal Classification and Basic Concepts Classification. We are exploring whether these classifications can encourage greater consistency i...
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The science of graphs and networks has become by now a well-established tool for modelling and analyzing a variety of systems with a large number of interacting components. Starting from the physical sciences, applications have spread... more
The science of graphs and networks has become by now a well-established tool for modelling and analyzing a variety of systems with a large number of interacting components. Starting from the physical sciences, applications have spread rapidly to the natural and social sciences, as well as to economics, and are now further extended, in this volume, to the concept of innovations, viewed broadly. In an abstract, systems-theoretical approach, innovation can be understood as a critical event which destabilizes the current state of the ...
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This paper demonstrates the application of bibliometric mapping techniques in the area of funded research networks. We discuss how science maps can be used to facilitate communication inside newly formed communities, but also to account... more
This paper demonstrates the application of bibliometric mapping techniques in the area of funded research networks. We discuss how science maps can be used to facilitate communication inside newly formed communities, but also to account for their activities to funding agencies. We present the mapping of EINS as case -- an FP7 funded Network of Excellence. Finally, we discuss how these techniques can be used to serve as knowledge maps for interdisciplinary working experts.
ABSTRACT
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... From virtual ethnography to web indicators. Autor, Scharnhorst, Andrea. Autor, Besselaar, Peter van den. ... From virtual ethnography to web indicators"). Idioma, eng ...
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In this paper we develop a theory to describe innovation processes in a network of interacting units. We introduce a stochastic picture that allows for the clarification of the role of fluctuations for the survival of innovations in such... more
In this paper we develop a theory to describe innovation processes in a network of interacting units. We introduce a stochastic picture that allows for the clarification of the role of fluctuations for the survival of innovations in such a non-linear system. We refer to the theory of complex networks and introduce the notion of sensitive networks. Sensitive networks are
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The web does not only enable new forms of science, it also creates new possibilities to study science and new digital scholarship. This paper brings together multiple perspec-tives: from individual researchers seeking the best options to... more
The web does not only enable new forms of science, it also creates new possibilities to study science and new digital scholarship. This paper brings together multiple perspec-tives: from individual researchers seeking the best options to display their activities and market their skills on the aca-demic job market; to academic institutions, national funding agencies, and countries needing to monitor the science sys-tem and account for public money spending. We also address the research interests aimed at better understanding the self-organising and complex nature of the science system through researcher tracing, the identification of the emergence of new fields, and knowledge discovery using large-data mining and non-linear dynamics. In particular this paper draws atten-tion to the need for standardisation and data interoperability in the area of research information as an indispensable pre-condition for any science modelling. We discuss which levels of complexity are needed to provi...
Scientific research is a major driving force in a knowledge based economy. Income, health and wellbeing depend on scientific progress. The better we understand the inner workings of the scientific enterprise, the better we can prompt,... more
Scientific research is a major driving force in a knowledge based economy. Income, health and wellbeing depend on scientific progress. The better we understand the inner workings of the scientific enterprise, the better we can prompt, manage, steer, and utilize scientific progress. Diverse indicators and approaches exist to evaluate and monitor research activities, from calculating the reputation of a researcher, institution, or country to analyzing and visualizing global brain circulation. However, there are very few predictive models of science that are used by key decision makers in academia, industry, or government interested to improve the quality and impact of scholarly efforts. We present a novel 'bibliographic bibliometric' analysis which we apply to a large collection of books relevant for the modelling of science. We explain the data collection together with the results of the data analyses and visualizations. In the final section we discuss how the analysis of boo...
The UDC (Universal Decimal Classification) is not only a classification language with a long history; it also presents a complex cognitive system worthy of the attention of complexity theory. The elements of the UDC: classes, auxiliaries,... more
The UDC (Universal Decimal Classification) is not only a classification language with a long history; it also presents a complex cognitive system worthy of the attention of complexity theory. The elements of the UDC: classes, auxiliaries, and operations are combined into symbolic strings, which in essence represent a complex networks of concepts. This network forms a backbone of ordering of knowledge and at the same time allows expression of different perspectives on various products of human knowledge production. In this paper we look at UDC strings derived from the holdings of libraries. In particular we analyse the subject headings of holdings of the university library in Leuven, and an extraction of UDC numbers from the OCLC WorldCat. Comparing those sets with the Master Reference File, we look into the length of strings, the occurrence of different auxiliary signs, and the resulting connections between UDC classes. We apply methods and representations from complexity theory. Ma...
The idea for this book started when we organized a topical workshop entitled "Innovation Networks - New Approaches in Modeling and Analyzing" (held in Augsburg, Germany in October 2005), under the auspices of Exystence, a... more
The idea for this book started when we organized a topical workshop entitled "Innovation Networks - New Approaches in Modeling and Analyzing" (held in Augsburg, Germany in October 2005), under the auspices of Exystence, a network of excellence funded in the European Union's Fifth Framework Program. Unlike other conferences on innovation and networks, however, this workshop brought together scientists from economics, sociology, communication science, science and technology studies, and physics. With this book we aim to build further on a bridge connecting the bodies of knowledge on networks in economics, the social sciences and, more recently, statistical physics.
In this paper, we tackle the problem of innovation spreading from a modeling point of view. We consider a networked system of individuals, with a competition between two groups. We show its relation to the innovation spreading issues. We... more
In this paper, we tackle the problem of innovation spreading from a modeling point of view. We consider a networked system of individuals, with a competition between two groups. We show its relation to the innovation spreading issues. We introduce an abstract model and show how it can be interpreted in this framework, as well as what conclusions we can draw form it. We further explain how model-derived conclusions can help to investigate the original problem, as well as other, similar problems. The model is an agent-based model assuming simple binary attributes of those agents. It uses a majority dynamics (Ising model to be exact), meaning that individuals attempt to be similar to the majority of their peers, barring the occasional purely individual decisions that are modeled as random. We show that this simplistic model can be related to the decision-making during innovation adoption processes. The majority dynamics for the model mean that when a dominant attribute, representing an...
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The European Commission has funded a Network of Excellence “Internet Science – EINS” (www.internetscience.eu) from 2011 to 2015 to achieve deeper multidisciplinary understanding of the development of the Internet as a socio-technical... more
The European Commission has funded a Network of Excellence “Internet Science – EINS” (www.internetscience.eu) from 2011 to 2015 to achieve deeper multidisciplinary understanding of the development of the Internet as a socio-technical artifact. The Internet is a fundamental technological innovation that has affected scholarly work since its beginnings in the late 1960s, but everyday life since its commercialization in early 1990s. All academic disciplines from computer science and engineering to humanities contribute with knowledge to questions how to construct, maintain, secure, use and regulate the Internet. Due to the scale and professionalization of the science system, this knowledge is often scattered. But questions of the Internet’s further growth and use, of security, privacy and trust can only be answered based on an integration of scattered knowledge. This poster visualizes the current knowledge landscape of “Internet Science”, can calls for further alliances between all dis...
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DANS is the only one national research digital data archive in the Netherlands, primarily in the social sciences and humanities. DANS offers researchers an online archiving system called EASY (Electronic Archiving SYstem) to (self)... more
DANS is the only one national research digital data archive in the Netherlands, primarily in the social sciences and humanities. DANS offers researchers an online archiving system called EASY (Electronic Archiving SYstem) to (self) deposit but also to access research data. A large part of its collections concerns data from archeology. The current interface to EASY relies on on-line standard catalogue functions used for Trusted Digital Repositories (TDRs). However, its relative simple search and browsing interface seems not to be sufficient for an optimal access to its holdings. This poster reports about findings in an experiment to build a text-similarity based recommendation system on top of the standard interface to EASY. While there are a variety of textmining tools available, their implementation into a living collection creates a number of challenges. This poster describes the different steps of a workflow, emerging problems, used tools and also documents our experiences in the...
There is no escape from the expansion of information, so that structuring and locating meaningful knowledge becomes ever more difficult. The question of how to order our knowledge is as old as the systematic acquisition, circulation, and... more
There is no escape from the expansion of information, so that structuring and locating meaningful knowledge becomes ever more difficult. The question of how to order our knowledge is as old as the systematic acquisition, circulation, and storage of knowledge. Classification systems have been known since ancient times. On the Internet, one finds both classifications and taxonomies designed by information professionals and folksonomies based on social tagging. Nevertheless, a user navigating through large information spaces is still confronted with a text based search interface and a list of hits as outcome. There is still an obvious gap between a physical encounter with, for example, a library’s collection and browsing its content through an on-line catalogue. This paper starts from the need of digital scholarship for effective knowledge inquiry, revisits traditional ways to support knowledge ordering and information retrieval, and introduces into a newly funded research network wher...
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There is no escape from the expansion of information, so that structuring and locating meaningful knowledge becomes ever more difficult. The question of how to order our knowledge is as old as the systematic acquisition, circulation, and... more
There is no escape from the expansion of information, so that structuring and locating meaningful knowledge becomes ever more difficult. The question of how to order our knowledge is as old as the systematic acquisition, circulation, and storage of knowledge. Classification systems have been known since ancient times. On the Internet, one finds both classifications and taxonomies designed by information professionals and folksonomies based on social tagging. Nevertheless, a user navigating through large information spaces is still confronted with a text based search interface and a list of hits as outcome. There is still an obvious gap between a physical encounter with, for example, a librarys collection and browsing its content through an on-line catalogue. This paper starts from the need of digital scholarship for effective knowledge inquiry, revisits traditional ways to support knowledge ordering and information retrieval, and introduces into a newly funded research network where five different communities from all corners of the scientific landscape join forces in a quest for knowledge maps. It can be read as a manifesto for a newly funded specific research network KnoweScape. At the same time it is a general reflection about what one has to take into account when representing structure and evolution of data, information and knowledge and designing instruments to help scholars and others to navigate across the lands and oceans of knowledge.
This lecture addresses the need for new navigation strategies in the vast amount of digital available information. It starts with a report about the “The Knowledge Space Lab”, founded by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,... more
This lecture addresses the need for new navigation strategies in the vast amount of digital available information. It starts with a report about the “The Knowledge Space Lab”, founded by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and dealing with the emergence of category structures in knowledge spaces as different as libraries and the world-wide web. At the core of this project stands a comparison of the evolution of the Wikipedia topical category structure and the Universal Decimal Classification of Paul Outlet, But, the more fundamental question at stack is how to create new – visually enhanced and tangible - interfaces for collections.
Enhancement of scholarly publications takes many forms. In this project, prepared by the Dutch KNAW e-Humanities Group, four traditionally published and printed monographs were prepared for a Web-based environment. This online environment... more
Enhancement of scholarly publications takes many forms. In this project, prepared by the Dutch KNAW e-Humanities Group, four traditionally published and printed monographs were prepared for a Web-based environment. This online environment allows for interlinking between components of the books -- between chapters, references, concepts.
Called Semantic WORDS, this project combines features of the Semantic Web with the accessibility and user-friendliness of the WordPress content management platform. This platform allows editors and authors to easily input and revise components of publications. It also allows integration of informal scholarly communication via blogs with the more formal presentations of academic publications.
The result of this approach to enhancement of scholarly publications is a collaboratively-produced Web environment that facilitates readers to make connections between the four conventionally-prepared scholarly publications.
More information: http://www.surffoundation.nl/enhancedpublications
Called Semantic WORDS, this project combines features of the Semantic Web with the accessibility and user-friendliness of the WordPress content management platform. This platform allows editors and authors to easily input and revise components of publications. It also allows integration of informal scholarly communication via blogs with the more formal presentations of academic publications.
The result of this approach to enhancement of scholarly publications is a collaboratively-produced Web environment that facilitates readers to make connections between the four conventionally-prepared scholarly publications.
More information: http://www.surffoundation.nl/enhancedpublications
The second lecture starts with an introduction to DANS as a digital archive. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of digital repositories. We introduce into the concept of “Linked data” and the semantic web. We start from EASY –... more
The second lecture starts with an introduction to DANS as a digital archive. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of digital repositories. We introduce into the concept of “Linked data” and the semantic web. We start from EASY – the digital archive of DANS and ask why data can be digitized, accessible and still in un-penetrable boxes. We take the project “Veteran tapes” to discuss some risks of Linked Data. We introduce into the project CEDAR - “Census data open linked – From fragment to fabric – Dutch census data in a web of global cultural and historic information (CEDAR)” . We discuss the role for digital archives and libraries in e-research and visions of the new research programme of DANS.
Please inspect: www.dans.knaw.nl and http://www.narcis.nl/
Please inspect https://easy.dans.knaw.nl/ui/home To be able to run through the interfaces you need to register. My colleagues would love to have this feedback.
Have a look at the short YouTube film http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_XJXDjxAj4 ; if your search for Veteran Tapes on you tube you also get the link. The Dutch website of this project can be found here: http://www.watveteranenvertellen.nl/
The project description of CEDAR can be found in the news items on http://www.iisg.nl/hsn/news/cedar.php There are just PhD positions and one postdoc position advertised at http://www.academictransfer.com.
Please inspect: www.dans.knaw.nl and http://www.narcis.nl/
Please inspect https://easy.dans.knaw.nl/ui/home To be able to run through the interfaces you need to register. My colleagues would love to have this feedback.
Have a look at the short YouTube film http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_XJXDjxAj4 ; if your search for Veteran Tapes on you tube you also get the link. The Dutch website of this project can be found here: http://www.watveteranenvertellen.nl/
The project description of CEDAR can be found in the news items on http://www.iisg.nl/hsn/news/cedar.php There are just PhD positions and one postdoc position advertised at http://www.academictransfer.com.
The first lecture starts with a map of science. We explore some threads of the history of the information sciences, in particular bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics. We talk about the so-called visual turn in scientometrics.... more
The first lecture starts with a map of science. We explore some threads of the history of the information sciences, in particular bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics. We talk about the so-called visual turn in scientometrics. We discuss the different between a network visualization and other ways of visual representations. We look into library classifications and how they can be visualized. We compare the structure of a library classification (Universal Decimal Classification - expert and institution based) with the structure of a category system of an on-line system (WIKIPEDIA – folksonomy based).
Please read: K. Börner, A. Scharnhorst (2009) Visual Conceptualizations and Models of Science. Editorial for the special issue „Science of Science: Conceptualizations and Models of Science“ Journal of Informetrics 3(3), 161-172, Preprint http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3562, the preprint is free available.
Have a look at www.scimaps.org
Please read: A. Akdag Salah, C. Gao, K. Suchecki, and A. Scharnhorst (2011) Need to categorize: A comparative look at the categories of the Universal Decimal Classification system (UDC) and Wikipedia. arXiv:1105.5912v1 [cs.DL]
Please read: K. Börner, A. Scharnhorst (2009) Visual Conceptualizations and Models of Science. Editorial for the special issue „Science of Science: Conceptualizations and Models of Science“ Journal of Informetrics 3(3), 161-172, Preprint http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3562, the preprint is free available.
Have a look at www.scimaps.org
Please read: A. Akdag Salah, C. Gao, K. Suchecki, and A. Scharnhorst (2011) Need to categorize: A comparative look at the categories of the Universal Decimal Classification system (UDC) and Wikipedia. arXiv:1105.5912v1 [cs.DL]
NARCIS—the National Academic Research and Collaborations Information System—is the Dutch national portal for information about researchers and their scholarly work. NARCIS consists of two databases: (1) An aggregation of all open access... more
NARCIS—the National Academic Research and Collaborations Information System—is the Dutch national portal for information about researchers and their scholarly work. NARCIS consists of two databases: (1) An aggregation of all open access publications within Dutch repositories and (2) the Dutch Research Information System with information about institutions, projects, and expertise of researchers employed at Dutch research institutions. Using a dump of the NARCIS Dutch Research Information System made on April 3, 2012, we extracted the bi-partite network of 14 Dutch universities and their 8,156 researchers (full and assistant professors, tenured). We also analyzed the geographic distribution Dutch research institutions, the disciplinary profiles of Dutch universities and the network between subject categories due to researchers with mix sets of competences.
This map has been displayed at the VIVO conference 2012; and other places.
Please feel free to use and reference it as:
Linda Reijnhoudt, Michael J. Stamper, Katy Börner, Chris Baars, and Andrea Scharnhorst (2012) NARCIS: Network of Experts and Knowledge Organizations in the Netherlands. Map. http://cns.iu.edu/research/2012_NARCIS.pdf (presented as poster at the Third annual VIVO conference, August 22 - 24, 2012 Florida, USA, http://vivoweb.org/conference2012)
This map has been displayed at the VIVO conference 2012; and other places.
Please feel free to use and reference it as:
Linda Reijnhoudt, Michael J. Stamper, Katy Börner, Chris Baars, and Andrea Scharnhorst (2012) NARCIS: Network of Experts and Knowledge Organizations in the Netherlands. Map. http://cns.iu.edu/research/2012_NARCIS.pdf (presented as poster at the Third annual VIVO conference, August 22 - 24, 2012 Florida, USA, http://vivoweb.org/conference2012)
In this paper we visually explore the data structure of two different visual platforms: the database behind the social environment of a social networking site, and the intricate infrastructure of a research institute for preservation of... more
In this paper we visually explore the data structure of two different visual platforms: the database behind the social environment of a social networking site, and the intricate infrastructure of a research institute for preservation of deposited datasets. We argue that visual analytics of metadata of collections can be used in multiple ways: for the backend users, to inform the archive about structure and growth of its collection; to foster collection strategies; and to check metadata consistency, for the end-users, to give an overview to the collections, and thus to generate more awareness of the collection and its metadata, to give the enduser extra information to contextualize the entirety of the archive. We conclude with a discussion on how text based search combined with different type of visually enhanced browsing improves data access, navigation, and reuse in these two radically different contexts.