GABAergic Signaling Is Linked to a Hypermigratory Phenotype in Dendritic Cells Infected by Toxoplasma gondii
Figure 4
Toxoplasma-infected mouse DC exhibit hypermotility and chemotaxis.
(A) Non-infected mouse DC or (B) Toxoplasma-infected mouse DC (PTGluc, MOI 1/Toxo-DC) were incubated ± LPS (200 ng/ml). After 24 h, cells were collected and placed in a chemotaxis chamber ± CCL19 gradient and tracked for 60 min as described under Materials and Methods. The tracking data presented is a composite of two independent experiments (n = 60 cells). The overall directionality of migration is depicted in the rose-diagram in the upper right corner of each single track summary. Percentages represent the proportion of cells migrating towards or away from chemoattractant or complete medium (CM). For the condition (+) chemokine, the triangle indicates the placement of the CCL19 chemokine gradient in each chemotaxis chamber. For (−) chemokine, CM was added to both chambers. (C) Velocity analysis of non-infected mouse DC or Toxoplasma-infected mouse DC in presence or absence of the chemokine CCL19. Bars indicate velocity (+SEM) from two independent experiments. (*) indicate significant differences (P<0.001, Mann Whitney U-test).