GLT-1-Dependent Disruption of CNS Glutamate Homeostasis and Neuronal Function by the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Fig 3
Glutamate extracellular concentrations increase during infection.
Microdialysis was performed over the course of Toxoplasma infection taking measurements prior to (N) and after infection as indicated (n = 13 biological replicates (3 prior to infection; 2 for each time point thereafter)). A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of microdialysis probe placement in the frontal cortex. B) Intraperitoneal injections of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to determine sensitivity of amino acid (A-V; arrows) detection. C, D) LC-MS analysis on microdialysis samples over the course of infection. One-way ANOVA: Glutamate (p = 0.0003), Arginine (p<0.0001), Proline (p = 0.0168), Serine (p = 0.04), and Tyrosine (p = 0.0149). A Dunnett’s post-test was performed for all timepoints against naïve concentrations and significance shown as asterisks. ‘ND’ indicates samples were below the limits of detection. Amino acids not listed did not change significantly. Essential amino acids are displayed in S2 Fig.