Low-Cost Optodiagnostic for Minute-Time Scale Detection of SARS-CoV-2
- André Lopes Ferreira
André Lopes FerreiraMachine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaDepartments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaPenn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaPortable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, BrazilMore by André Lopes Ferreira
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- Lucas Felipe de Lima
Lucas Felipe de LimaMachine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaDepartments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaPenn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaPortable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, BrazilMore by Lucas Felipe de Lima
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- Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
Marcelo Der Torossian TorresMachine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaDepartments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaPenn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaMore by Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
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- William Reis de Araujo*
William Reis de AraujoPortable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, BrazilMore by William Reis de Araujo
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- Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez*
Cesar de la Fuente-NunezMachine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaDepartments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaPenn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of AmericaMore by Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated our society’s tremendous health equity gap. Disadvantaged populations have been disproportionally affected by COVID-19, lacking access to affordable testing, a known effective tool for preventing viral spread, hospitalizations, and deaths. Here, we describe COVID-19 Low-cost Optodiagnostic for Rapid testing (COLOR), a colorimetric biosensor fabricated on cotton swabs using gold nanoparticles modified with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which costs 15¢ to produce and detects SARS-CoV-2 within 5 min. COLOR detected very low viral particle loads (limit of detection: 0.154 pg mL–1 of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), and its color intensity correlated with the cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The performance of COLOR was assessed using 100 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) clinical samples, yielding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of 96%, 84%, and 90%, respectively. In summary, each COLOR test can be manufactured for 15¢ and presents rapid minute-time scale detection of SARS-CoV-2, thus providing a solution to enable high-frequency testing, particularly in low-resource communities.
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