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Low-Cost Optodiagnostic for Minute-Time Scale Detection of SARS-CoV-2

  • André Lopes Ferreira
    André Lopes Ferreira
    Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
  • Lucas Felipe de Lima
    Lucas Felipe de Lima
    Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
  • Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
    Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
    Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
  • William Reis de Araujo*
    William Reis de Araujo
    Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
    *Email: [email protected]
  • , and 
  • Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez*
    Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
    Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America
    *Email: [email protected]
Cite this: ACS Nano 2021, 15, 11, 17453–17462
Publication Date (Web):October 20, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c03236
Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated our society’s tremendous health equity gap. Disadvantaged populations have been disproportionally affected by COVID-19, lacking access to affordable testing, a known effective tool for preventing viral spread, hospitalizations, and deaths. Here, we describe COVID-19 Low-cost Optodiagnostic for Rapid testing (COLOR), a colorimetric biosensor fabricated on cotton swabs using gold nanoparticles modified with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which costs 15¢ to produce and detects SARS-CoV-2 within 5 min. COLOR detected very low viral particle loads (limit of detection: 0.154 pg mL–1 of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), and its color intensity correlated with the cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The performance of COLOR was assessed using 100 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) clinical samples, yielding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of 96%, 84%, and 90%, respectively. In summary, each COLOR test can be manufactured for 15¢ and presents rapid minute-time scale detection of SARS-CoV-2, thus providing a solution to enable high-frequency testing, particularly in low-resource communities.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.1c03236.

    • Figures of UV–vis spectra, stability study, SEM image, size histogram distribution, analytical curve comparison, and FTIR characterization and table of diagnosis of 100 NP/OP samples (PDF)

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