Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Research article
First published December 2006

The Accurate Diagnosis of Early-Onset Dementia

Abstract

Early-onset dementia (EOD, <65 years at onset) is a relatively common and frequently misdiagnosed condition. One reason for misdiagnosis is that EOD has a more varied differential diagnosis than late-onset dementia (LOD). For example, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the preponderant LOD, makes up only about one-third of EODs; the rest are due to vascular dementias, frontotemporal lobar degenerations, traumatic head injury, alcohol-related dementia, and a great many other conditions. Another reason for misdiagnosis is that early-onset AD may have predominant cognitive deficits other than memory loss and a potential familial inheritance with spastic paraparesis, seizures, or myoclonus. A third reason is that EOD often presents with neuropsychiatric features out-of-proportion to any cognitive deficits. Despite these obstacles, it is important to accurately diagnose EODs, particularly because they differ in management and course. Clinicians can successfully diagnose most EODs with careful cognitive and family histories, mental status and neurological examinations, and neuroimaging.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

1. McMurtray A, Christine D, Clark D, Farag E, Mendez M. Early onset dementia: Frequency and causes in comparison to late onset dementia. Dementia Geriatric Cognizant Disease 2006; 21: 59–64
2. Mendez MF, Cummings JL. Dementia. A clinical approach (3rd ed). New York: Elsevier, 2003
3. Delaney N, Rosenvinge H. Presenile dementia: Suffers, careers and services. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1995; 10: 597–601
4. Harvey RJ, Skelton-Robinson M, Rossor MN. The prevalence and causes of dementia in people under the age of 65 years. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2003; 74: 1206–1209
5. Fujihara S, Brucki SM, Rocha MS, Carvalho AA, Picccolo AC. Prevalence of presenile dementia in a tertiary outpatient clinic. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2004; 62: 592–595
6. International Classification of Diseases—10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992
7. McGonigal G, Thomas B, McQuade C, Starr JM, Whalley LJ. Epidemiology of Alzheimer's presenile dementia in Scotland, 1974–88. British Medical Journal 1993; 306: 680–683
8. Newens AJ, Forster DP, Kay DW, Kirkup W, Bates D, Edwardson J. Clinically diagnosed presenile dementia of the Alzheimer's type in the Northern Health Region: Ascertainment, prevalence, incidence, and survival. Psychology and Medicine 1993; 23: 631–644
9. Treves T, Korczyn AD, Zilber N, Kahana E, Leibowitz Y, Alter M, Schoenberg BS. Presenile dementia in Israel. Archives of Neurology 1986; 43: 26–29
10. Kokmen E, Beard CM, Offord KP, Kurland LT. Prevalence of medically diagnosed dementia in a defined United States population: Rochester, Minnesota. Neurology 1989; 39: 773–776
11. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on AD. Neurology 1984; 34: 939–944
12. Hofman A, Rocca WA, Brayne C, Breteler MM, Clarke M, Cooper B, Copeland JR, Dartigues JF, da Silva Droux A, Hagnell O. The prevalence of dementia in Europe: A collaborative study of 1980–1990 findings. International Journal of Epidemiology 1991; 20: 736–748
13. Ratnavalli E, Brayne C, Dawson K, Hodges JR. The prevalence of frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 2002; 58: 1615–1621
14. Bickel H, Burger K, Hampel H, Schreiber Y, Sonntag A, Wiegele B, Forstl H, Kurz A. Prasenile Demenzen in Gedachtnisambulanzen-Konsultationsinzidenz und Krank-heitscharakteristika. Nervenarzt 2005;June 15 Epub.
15. Mendez MF, Selwood A, Mastri AR, Frey WH 2d. Pick's disease versus Alzheimer's disease: A comparison of clinical characteristics. Neurology 1993; 43: 289–292
16. Mendez MF, Perryman KM. Neuropsychiatric features of frontotemporal dementia. Evaluation of consensus criteria and review. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2002; 14: 424–429
17. Passant U, Elfgren C, Englund E, Gustafson L. Psychiatric symptoms and their psychosocial consequences in frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disordance 2005; 16: S15–18
18. Hodges JR, Davies RR, Xuereb JH, Casey B, Broe M, Bak TH, Kril JJ, Halliday GM. Clinicopathological correlates in frontotemporal dementia. Annals of Neurology 2004; 56: 399–406
19. Forman MS, Farmer J, Johnson JK, et al. Frontotemporal dementia: Clinicopathological correlations. Annals of Neurology 2006; 59: 952–962
20. Sampson E, Warren J, Rossor M. Young onset dementia. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2004; 80: 125–139
21. Mendez MF, Shapira JS, McMurtray A, Licht E. Behavioral worsening on donepezil in patients with frontotemporal dementia. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (in press).
22. Román GC, Erkinjunit T, Wallin A, Pantoni L, Chui HC. Subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia. Lancet Neurology 2002; 1: 426–436
23. Mendez MF, McMurtray A. Frontotemporal dementia-like phenotypes associated with presenilin-1 mutations. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disordance (in press).
24. Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, Passant U, Stuss D, Black S, Freedman M, Kertesz A, Robert PH, Albert M, Boone K, Miller BL, Cummings J, Benson DF. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology 1998; 51: 1546–1554
25. Woodburn K, Johnstone E. Ascertainment of a population of people with early-onset dementia in Lothian, Scotland. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1999; 14: 362–367
26. Panegyres PK, Davies SR, Connor CF. Early onset dementia. Medical Journal of Australia 2000; 173: 279–280
27. Elberling TV, Stokholm J, Hogh P, Waldemar G. Diagnostic profile of young and middle-aged memory clinic patients. Neurology 2002; 59: 1259–1262
28. Yokota O, Sasaki K, Fujisawa Y, Takahashi J, Terada S, Ishihara T, Nakashima H, Kugo A, Ata T, Ishizu H, Kuroda S. Frequency of early and late-onset dementias in a Japanese memory disorders clinic. European Journal of Neurology 2005; 12: 782–790
29. Lopez OL, Kuller MD, Becker JT, Jagust WJ, DeKosky ST, Fitzpatrick A, Breitner J, Lyketsos C, Kawas C, Carlson M. Classification of vascular dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study. Neurology 2005; 64: 1539–1547
30. Knopman DS, Parisi JE, Boeve BF, Cha RH, Apaydin J, Salviati A, Edland S, Rocca WA. Vascular dementia in population-based autopsy study. Archives of Neurology 2003; 60: 569–575
31. Reed BR, Mungas DM, Kramer JH, Betz BP, Ellis W, Vinters HV, Zarow C, Jagust WJ, Chui HC. Clinical and neuropsychological features in autopsy-defined vascular dementia. Clinical Neuropsychology 2004; 18: 63–674
32. Wen HM, Mok VC, Fan YH, Lam WW, Tang WK, Wong A, Huang RX, Wong KS. Effect of white matter changes on cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts. Stroke 2004; 35: 1826–1830
33. Mendez MF, Ottowitz W, Brown CV, Cummings JL, Perryman KM, Mandelkern MA. Dementia with leukoaraiosis: Clinical differentiation by temporoparietal hypo-metabolism on 18FDG-PET imaging. Dementia and Geriatric Cognition Disordance 1999; 10: 518–525
34. Chui HC, Victoroff J, Margolin D, Jagust W, Shankle R, Katzman R. Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the state of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Centers. Neurology 1992; 42: 473–480
35. Kano I, Mori S, Nakajima K, Nakagawa M, Watanabe Y, Kizu O, Yamada K, Sakai Y. Do white matter changes have clinical significance in AD? Gerontology 2004; 50: 242–246
36. Mendez MF, Perryman K, Doss RC. Differences between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia on information processing measures. Brain Cognition 1997; 34: 301–310
37. Mendez M, Cherrier M, Perryman K, Pachana N, Miller B, Cummings J. Frontotemporal dementia vs. AD: Differential cognitive features. Neurology 1996; 47: 1189–1194
38. Smith DM, Atkinson RM. Alcoholism and dementia. International Journal of the Addictions 1995; 30: 1843–1869
39. McKeith IG, Perry EK, Perry RH. Report of the second dementia with Lewy body international workshop: Diagnosis and treatment. Consortium on dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 1999; 53: 902–905
40. Loring DW, Largen JW. Neuropsychological patterns of presenile and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia 1985; 23: 351–357
41. Jacobs D, Sano M, Marder K, Bell K, Bylsma F, Lafleche G, Albert M, Brandt J, Stern Y. Age at onset of Alzheimer's disease: Relation to the pattern of cognitive dysfunction and rate of decline. Neurology 1994; 44: 1215–1220
42. Kono K, Kuzuya F, Yamamoto T, Endo H. Comparative study of cerebral ventricular dilation and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease of early versus late onset. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 1994; 7: 39–45
43. Seltzer B, Sherwin I. A comparison of clinical features in early-and late-onset primary degenerative dementia. One entity or two? Archives of Neurology 1983; 40: 143–146
44. Caine D, Hodges JR. Heterogeneity of semantic and visuospatial deficits in early Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2001; 15: 155–164
45. Frisoni GB, Testa C, Sabattoli F, Beltramello A, Soininen H, Laakso MP. Structural correlates of early and late onset Alzheimer's disease: Voxel based morphometric study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2005; 76; 112–114
46. Kemp PM, Holmes C, Hoffmann SM, Bolt L, Holmes R, Rowden J, Fleming JS. Alzheimer's disease: Differences in technetium-99m HMPAO SPECT scan findings between early onset and late onset dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2003; 74: 715–719
47. Sakamoto S, Ishii K, Sasaki M, Hosaka K, Mori T, Matsui M, Hirono N, Mori E. Differences in cerebral metabolism between early and late onset types of AD. Journal of Neurological Science 2002; 200: 27–32
48. Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Presenilin mutations in AD. Human Mutation 1998; 11: 183–190
49. Raux G, Gantier R, Thomas-Anterion C, Boulliat J, Berpillat P, Hannequin D, Brice A, Frebourg T, Campion D, et al. Dementia with prominent frontotemporal features associated with L113P presenilin 1 mutation. Neurology 2000; 55: 1577–1578
50. Mendez MF, Chen AK, Shapira SS, Miller BL. Acquired sociopathy in frontotemporal dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cogntion Disorders 2005; 20: 99–104

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK
Share on social media

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published: December 2006
Issue published: December 2006

Keywords

  1. dementia
  2. Alzheimer's disease
  3. vascular dementi
  4. frontotemporal dementia
  5. traumatic brain injury

Rights and permissions

© 2006 SAGE Publications.
Request permissions for this article.
PubMed: 17407994

Authors

Affiliations

Mario F. Mendez, MD, Ph.D.
University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA); and V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System

Notes

Direct reprint requests to: Mario F. Mendez, Neurobehavior Unit (116AF; Bldg 500, 3S), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, e-mail: [email protected]

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 1386

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016


Articles citing this one

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

Web of Science: 129 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 130

  1. Interventions for Persons with Young-Onset Dementia and Their Families...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  2. Perceived barriers and solutions by generalist physicians to work towa...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  3. Connecting, learning, supporting: Caregivers’ experiences of a stress ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  4. Major depression associated with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauteri...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  5. Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease and its Metal Chelation Therapeutics...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  6. New cases of dementia are rising in elderly populations in Wales, UK
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  7. Young‐onset dementia in memory clinics in the Netherlands: Study desig...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  8. Classifying Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia using mach...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  9. Positive Results from the Fecal Immunochemical Test Can Be Related to ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  10. Online counselling for family carers of people with young onset dement...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  11. Amyloid, tau and metabolic PET correlates of cognition in early and la...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  12. Family experience of young-onset dementia: the perspectives of spouses...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  13. Flavonoids as Promising Neuroprotectants and Their Therapeutic Potenti...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  14. Experiences and Needs of Children Who Have a Parent with Young Onset D...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  15. Pre-Diagnostic Symptoms of Young-Onset Dementia in the General Practic...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  16. Annual Trends in the Incidence and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease i...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  17. Safety and Usefulness of Lumbar Puncture for the Diagnosis and Managem...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  18. Childhood perspectives of parental young onset dementia: A qualitative...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  19. The Impact of Disease Registries on Advancing Knowledge and Understand...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  20. Reimagining Postdiagnostic Care and Support in Young-Onset Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  21. A Systematic Review of the Indirect and Social Costs in Early and Youn...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  22. Immunopharmacology of Alzheimer’s disease
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  23. Needs-appropriate services for people with young onset dementia: The p...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  24. Family carers’ narratives of the financial consequences of young onset...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  25. Synthesis, Computational Pharmacokinetics Report, Conceptual DFT-Based...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  26. The experiences of those affected by parental young onset dementia: A ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  27. Quality of Life Assessments in Individuals With Young-Onset Dementia a...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  28. Global Prevalence of Young-Onset Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  29. Resting-state EEG alpha/theta power ratio discriminates early-onset Al...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  30. A Pilot Tool of the Virtual Scenario Initial Dementia Cognitive Screen...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  31. Children and young people's experience of parental dementia: A systema...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  32. Needs of People with Young-Onset Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  33. Association Between the APOE ɛ2/ɛ4 Genotype and Alzheimer’s Disease an...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  34. Advances in nanomedicines for diagnosis of central nervous system diso...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  35. Quantitative MRI Differences Between Early versus Late Onset Alzheimer...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  36. Dual-Task Tests Predict Conversion to Dementia—A Prospective Memory-Cl...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  37. Incidence and distribution of subtypes of early‐onset dementia in Japa...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  38. Alzheimer’s Disease and Herbal Combination Therapy: A Comprehensive Re...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  39. The experience of children with parents diagnosed with young onset dem...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  40. Non‐memory cognitive symptom development in Alzheimer's disease
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  41. Caring4Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  42. An EEG-fNIRS hybridization technique in the four-class classification ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  43. Early-onset dementia: diagnostic challenges
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  44. Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI Visual Rating Scales in the Diagnosis of Ea...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  45. History of traumatic brain injury interferes with accurate diagnosis o...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  46. A Clinical Case of Patient Carrying Rare Pathological PSEN1 Gene Mutat...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  47. Online information and support for carers of people with young‐onset d...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  48. Clinical applicability of diagnostic biomarkers in early‐onset cogniti...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  49. Prevalence and correlates of psychotropic drug use in Dutch nursing ho...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  50. New insights into the role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in mos...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  51. Investigating the healthcare utilisation and other support needs of pe...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  52. FTIR Spectroscopy of Cerebrospinal Fluid Reveals Variations in the Lip...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  53. Resilience in Carers of People With Young-Onset Alzheimer Disease
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  54. Measuring younger onset dementia: What the qualitative literature reve...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  55. Next Generation Sequencing Analysis in Early Onset Dementia Patients
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  56. Measuring younger onset dementia: A comprehensive literature search of...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  57. Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  58. Hippocampal atrophy has limited usefulness as a diagnostic biomarker o...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  59. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Complicating the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Di...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  60. Dementia in the workplace case study research: understanding the exper...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  61. Understanding the needs and experiences of people with young onset dem...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  62. Characteristics of the spouse caregiving experience: Comparison betwee...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  63. Driving Cessation in Patients Attending a Young-Onset Dementia Clinic:...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  64. The Progressive Acalculia Presentation of Parietal Variant Alzheimer’s...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  65. The ANGELA Project: Improving diagnosis and post-diagnostic support fo...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  66. The Impact of APOE ɛ4 in Alzheimer’s Disease Differs According to Age
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  67. The Dementias
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  68. Young Onset Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  69. Availability of information on young onset dementia for patients and c...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  70. The impact of younger-onset dementia on relationships, intimacy, and s...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  71. High Caregiver Burden in Young Onset Dementia: What Factors Need Atten...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  72. Do spouse caregivers of young and older persons with dementia have dif...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  73. The Dementias
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  74. Young-Onset Dementia, Diagnosis, Course, and Interventions
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  75. RHAPSODY – Internet-based support for caregivers of people with young ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  76. The care needs and experiences with the use of services of people with...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  77. Präsenile Demenzen präsentieren sich häufig atypisch
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  78. The experiences of people with young-onset dementia: A meta-ethnograph...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  79. Frontotemporal Dementia: An Updated Clinician’s Guide
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  80. Psychosocial interventions for people with young onset dementia and th...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  81. Expanding the concept of dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  82. A Comparative Descriptive Study of Characteristics of Early- and Late-...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  83. Entorhinal cortex: a good biomarker of mild cognitive impairment and m...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  84. Younger-Onset Dementia: Diagnosis, Course, and Interventions
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  85. Relationship between dementia severity and behavioural and psychologic...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  86. Alzheimer's disease first symptoms are age dependent: Evidence from th...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  87. Family Caregivers’ Experiences of Caring for a Relative With Younger O...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  88. The Neuropsychiatric Examination of the Young-Onset Dementias
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  89. The Patterns of Inheritance in Early-Onset Dementia...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  90. Differentiated clinical presentation of early and late-onset Alzheimer...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  91. Incidencia de demencia de inicio precoz en Mar de Plata
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  92. Incidence of early-onset dementia in Mar del Plata
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  93. Diagnosetraject bij dementie op jonge leeftijd
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  94. Unmet support needs of early-onset dementia family caregivers: a mixed...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  95. A Scale of Socioemotional Dysfunction in Frontotemporal Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  96. Advances in quantitative structure–activity relationship models of ant...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  97. Neurocognitive Impairment in Whipple Disease with Central Nervous Syst...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  98. Caring for Individuals with Early-Onset Dementia and Their Family Care...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  99. The Unique Experience of Spouses in Early-Onset Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  100. Behavioral disturbances differentiate frontotemporal lobar degeneratio...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  101. Emotional and Psychological Implications of Early AD Diagnosis
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  102. Comparison of entorhinal cortex atrophy between early‐onset and late‐o...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  103. The Needs of Patients With Early Onset Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  104. Detection of Alzheimer's disease by Raman spectra of rat's platelet wi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  105. Time to diagnosis in young-onset dementia as compared with late-onset ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  106. The Use of Formal and Informal Care in Early Onset Dementia: Results F...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  107. Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease: Nonamnestic Subtypes and Type 2 AD
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  108. Easy Detection of Amyloid β-Protein Using Photo-Sensitive Field Effect
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  109. Les pathologies démentielles avant 65ans. Expérience de la file active...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  110. Association of chronic divalproex sodium use and brain atrophy in Alzh...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  111. Caregivers' perspectives on the pre-diagnostic period in early onset d...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  112. ‘That’s me, the Goother’: Evaluation of a program for individuals with...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  113. Comparison of the Unified Segmentation Method and the New Segmentation...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  114. The impact of young onset dementia on the family: a literature review
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  115. Når demens rammer unge
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  116. Needs in Early Onset Dementia: A Qualitative Case From the NeedYD Stud...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  117. Research protocol of the NeedYD-study (Needs in Young onset Dementia):...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  118. Impact of early onset dementia on caregivers: a review
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  119. Incidence and subtypes of early-onset dementia in a geographically def...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  120. Occurrence of depression and its correlates in early onset dementia pa...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  121. Clinical Reasoning: A 59-year-old man who became lost in his own home
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  122. Sharing stories: a meta-ethnographic analysis of 12 autobiographies wr...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  123. The Plight of Caring for Young Patients With Frontotemporal Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  124. Dementia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  125. Cognitive performance of young and elderly subjects on the free word r...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  126. Early onset dementia: clinical and social aspects
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  127. What is ‘early onset dementia’?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  128. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with cognitive neuropsychologic...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  129. Early Onset Familial Alzheimer Disease With Spastic Paraparesis, Dysar...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:


Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub