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Riverine Microplastic Pollution in the Pearl River Delta, China: Are Modeled Estimates Accurate?

  • Lei Mai
    Lei Mai
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    More by Lei Mai
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-2543
  • , 
  • Shan-Ni You
    Shan-Ni You
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    More by Shan-Ni You
  • , 
  • Hui He
    Hui He
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    More by Hui He
  • , 
  • Lian-Jun Bao
    Lian-Jun Bao
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    More by Lian-Jun Bao
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-0829
  • , 
  • Liang-Ying Liu
    Liang-Ying Liu
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    More by Liang-Ying Liu
  • , and 
  • Eddy Y. Zeng*
    Eddy Y. Zeng
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    *E-mail: [email protected]
    More by Eddy Y. Zeng
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7572
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 20, 11810–11817
Publication Date (Web):September 18, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04838
Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Plastic pollution has caused increasing global concern. Currently, model estimates of the riverine plastic inputs to the global oceans based on the concept of Mismanaged Plastic Waste (MPW) varied substantially, and no field measurements of riverine inputs were available. We conducted sampling at the eight major river outlets of the Pearl River Delta, South China with rapid economic growth and urbanization to provide field measured data for fine-tuning modeling results. Floating microplastics (MPs) were collected with a Manta net (mesh size of 0.33 mm) five times during 2018. Microplastic particles (0.3–5.0 mm) widely occurred in all sampling sites. The number and mass concentrations of MPs were in the ranges of 0.005–0.7 particles m–3 and 0.004–1.28 mg m–3 and were positively correlated with water discharges. The annual riverine input of MPs from the Pearl River Delta was estimated at 39 billion particles or 66 tons, which converts to 2400–3800 tons of plastic debris based on calculations described in Text S2. These values were substantially below the MPW-based model estimates (91,000–170,000 tons). The large difference between measured and modeling results may have derived from the large uncertainty in the MPW values assigned to the world’s countries/regions.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04838.

    • Procedures for estimating water discharge at the eight major river outlets (Text S1); conversion from MPs to plastic debris (Text S2); field sampling conditions (Table S1); comparison of FTIR spectra of MPs in field samples and reference spectra (Table S2); composition of collected particles (Table S3); percent discharge relative to the total discharge (Table S4); mean, median, and range of number and mass MP concentrations of MPs (Table S5); paired variation t test between sampling sites for particle concentrations of MPs (Table S6); population density within the watersheds and monthly water discharges during each sampling event (Table S7); global comparison of river MP concentrations (Table S8); seasonal inputs from each outlet (Table S9); comparison of plastic riverine inputs from the PRD between model estimates and field measurements (Table S10); map of the sampling sites (Figure S1); trawling design for sampling at HM and MD (Figure S2); FTIR spectra of MP samples and reference spectra (Figure S3); temporal patterns in the concentrations of MPs (Figure S4); abundances of MPs of various sizes and polymer types (Figure S5); concentrations of microplastics in several riverine surface waters around the world (Figure S6); and domestic waste treatment rates in Guangdong Province (Figure S7) (PDF)

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